AIDS Denialism And AIDS Conspiracies

AIDS Denialism And AIDS Conspiracies
Political leadership is vital to influencing people's beliefs in the credibility of AIDS conspiracies. Charismatic leaders also plant the seeds of denialism
in the minds of the general public, which fuels AIDS denialism and AIDS conspiracies. For example, influential leaders such as Louis Farrakhan,
Jeremiah Wright, Will Smith, Spike Lee, and Bill Cosby have stated thatHIV is being used as an agent to harm the black community. For example,
Louis Farrakhanг„§leader of The Nation of Islam promoted the ineffective AIDS drug Kermon as a nostrum to the black community. Kermon was
introduced in the 1990's after a clinical trial study conducted by the Kenyan Medical Research Institution, and published results from the study
concluded that the drug improved the health of AIDS patients and even resulted in some patients "sero–reverting" to an HIV–negative status (Nattrass
2012).
In conclusion, HIV scientists being skeptical about the drug due to the inconsistencies within the clinical trial, Kermon was heavily promoted in the
African–American community. Farrakhan sold Kermon to AIDS patients through clinics operated by the Nation of Islam. During this time, The Nation
of Islam's publication Final Call promoted conspiracy theories about the man–made origin of AIDS, and claimed that FDA approved antiretrovirals
were poisonous and a part of a white conspiracy to kill blacks (Epstein 1996). Louis Farrakhan assisted in promoting AIDS conspiracy beliefs while
advocating for an ineffective
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Essay On Failure Of The 1956 Constitution
Failure of Parliamentary System under 1956 Constitution
The Constitution of 1956 proved to be very short lived as on October 7, 1958, Marital Law was imposed on the country and the constitution was
abrogated.
Lack of Leadership played a huge role in the failure of the constitution of 1956 and because of this, Pakistan never found its way to development of its
parliamentary system.
There was lack of political training in the country as well. Many political parties were made without any specific political goal. Every political party
was fighting against one another and tried to gain power. No one was interested in elections. So, under such circumstances, elections were delayed.
Unicameral legislature was intoduced in the 1956 Constitution. Through this many problems for Pakistan were caused and as a result martial law was
imposed in country.
Non ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then Presidential referendum was held by the elected BD members on February 17, 1960.
A Constitutional Commission was established in February 1960 under the chairmanship of Justice Shahabuddin, former Chief Justice. The tasks
assigned to the Commission were:
To examine the causes of failure of Parliamentary system.
Recommend a new system keeping in view the
(a) genius of people
(b) standard of education
(c) internal conditions of the country
(d) need of development
Commission presented its report in May 1961 after then two committees reviewed it. Under the report of these committees the new Constitution was
drafted.
Ayub announced the Constitution on March 1, 1962. Elections to the National Assembly (NA) and Provincial Assemblies (PAs) were held in April and
May 1962 respectively.
The new Constitution was enforced on June 8, 1962. Martial Law was withdrawn.
All the provinces of West Pakistan joined together and made into one unit. It was thought that it would eliminate the prejudices among the Pakistanis
but is proved to be a

April 1971 Colonel M.A.G Osmani was selected as Commander...
April 1971 Colonel M.A.G Osmani was selected as Commander of Bengali armed forces. Organized resistance began. Mukti Bahini (freedom Fighter
forces) became increasingly active. July 1971, Bangladesh forces command was set up.
The Awami League then set up their own plans for a new constitution to achieve an independent for their state. As a result, the plan did not turned well
as expected. The Pakistani army took control and Mujib was arrested in March 1971 after a violent results. As result from this civil war, about 9.5
million refugees fleeing to India. This led to military intervention by India on the side of the Mukti Bahini (Bengali 'freedom fighters') at the beginning
of December. Hence, weeks after that, Pakistan forces ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The physical distance was insignificant compared to the cultural, economic and environmental difference of two parts. The only connection religion
was not enough to balance the enormous disparity created through economic oppression and cultural exploitation. Language issue is the most crucial
issue because it was important to have one sole official national language. To some extent, every province was upset as many were favour for Urdu
language hence their language will be a second–class language. The government failed to understand deep attachment of Bengalis with their mother
language. Urdu was spoken in the West and Bangla was spoken in the East. Therefore, because of this language issue, language movement were set up
and riots also took place. In addition, the birth of Bangladesh and separation of Bangladesh from Pakistan was due to cultural differences. Pakistan was
a multiracial and poly ethnic country and their social customs differed from the rest which this cultural differences led to the rise of ethics nationalism.
It was Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto who were aware about this cultural divide.
Moreover, contemptuous attitudes of West Pakistanis towards Bengal made the East Pakistan (the Bengal) felt irritated with them. This can be seen
from the attitudes of the government official especially the West

Partition Of The British India
Partition of British India, 1947: The Partition of British India gave birth to two new states; India and Pakistan. Pakistan comprised two geographically
and culturally separated region: a) West Pakistan and b) East Pakistan (Bangladesh) on basis of their common religion–Islam.
Language Movement: Just after independence, Pakistan ruler with a key resolution at national education summit in Karachi in 1947 began to exclude
Bengalis, inhabitant of East Pakistan, adopting Urdu as the only state language of then Pakistan which later elicited language movement in East
Pakistan. The declaration of Mohammad Ali Jinnah in Dhaka as "Urdu and only Urdu will remain as the state language of Pakistan" and the
reluctance of the successive rulers to recognize the mother language of 56% people of the total Pakistan's population drew language movement to the
street that took its final shape on 21st February 1952. On this day, Salam, Rafique, Barkat, Jabbar, Shafiul were the heroes who laid down their lives
to establish Bangla as one of the state languages of Pakistan and "seeds of Bangladeshi nationalism" was sown.
Election of 1954: Bangladeshi nationalism was first projected in 1954 election when United Front coalition of East Bengal's (later named as East
Pakistan in 1955) political parties Awami League and the Krishak Sramik Party, won the most of the seats in the East Bengal Legislative Assembly.
Muslim League got only 9 seats out of 310. So, coalition govt. with Bengali leaders was

South East And Laddakh And Pakistan
In 1943, he got married with Shareen Amin Begum, who was left by Bhutto to remarry again. Bhutto married again an Iranian – Kurdish woman named
Begum Nusrat Ispahani in Karachi on 8th Sept., 1951. His political career mainly started in the year 1957, when the Bhutto became the youngest
member of Pakistan's delegation to UN. In the year 1958, he became the youngest Pakistan Cabinet Minister under President Ayub Khan. He was
famous for his demagogic styles of speech, which brought him to national prominence and popularity.
His rise in politics and higher echelons of power was due to his mysteriously sharp mind coupled with cunning desire to be on the top of the national
politics. His astute political manoeuvrings can be gauged from the fact that on the eve of India–China war in 1962, the rulers of China invited Pakistan
to jointly dismember India by attacking on North East and Laddakh and Pakistan from Jammu side in Jammu and Kashmir to grab the maximum
territory. Pakistan could fulfil their wish by taking Kashmir and China would grab entire North East to come closure to Indian Ocean. Bhutto disclosed
the plan to General Ayub Khan the President of Pakistan but got rebuked for such a loathsome and outrageous suggestion, rather was suggested that
Pakistan should have "Joint Defence Agreement" with India. Bhutto was aghast and made a sorry exit, calling Ayub Khan a political bankrupt.
Again Bhutto in 1965 after India Pakistan war when learned about India enriching Uranium for

International Organizations And International Trade...
When it comes to the political set up of the international organizations that positively and negatively affects poorer nations can be classified in realist's
point of view as powerful nations lobbying the international organizations to pass their agenda that affects smaller countries in the interests of
promoting national hegemonic power. As a results, of this, regardless of the debts accumulated by powerful international organization's veto power,
they are still on top of the average poor nation because of its political hegemonic power and influence over International Organizations. The economic
policies set by hegemonic powers to be passed down to the small nations by the international organizations sometimes keep them on the hook of a...
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If Gambia failed to secure that assistance, it will further hurt its economy because the country was running with deficit and the IMF described the then
current economic state of the Gambia as "external and fiscal sustainability are at a grave risk. Moreover, in the absence of urgent action, the social
progress made in recent years is also under threat." When it comes to the interaction of the United Nations and the Gambia, many sustainable
achievement were secured and was able to help develop Gambia physically and environmentally. There were United Nations children's fund that helped
young children of the poorer nations to benefit from basic needs like education, infrastructure, human rights improvements and bias and draconian
media laws that targets private media journalists. Gambia government lost many of its reputation as a result of not living up to expectations of the
international organizations in protecting the fundamental human rights of its citizens irrespective of the individual's political affiliation. Draconian
media Laws results in the shooting death of Gambia prominent journalist Deyda Hydara, the owner of 'ThePointNewspaper'. He was shot to dead and
the Gambia government denied the allegation and they refused to investigate it and also refused international organizations to coinvestigate the matter.
The Gambia president was

The Causes Of The Indo-Pakistani War Of 1947
The Indo–Pakistani war of 1947 was the very first war fought between the two counties over Jammu and Kashmir. The war began when Pakistan sent
troops from Waziristan into Kashmir in order to obtain their land. When the king of Kashmir, Hari Singh, realized what Pakistan was doing to
Kashmir, he pleaded with India for help. "Tensions exploded in October 1947 when the Pathan Muslims of Poonch rebelled against the Hindu
landowners of Kashmir. On October 22, Pakistan sent troops into the region, brutally taking Muzaffarabad and Uri, burning a swath of destruction
wherever they marched, and killing Hindu civilians,"("Indo–Pakistani War, 1947–1948,", n.d.). Indian government made a legal document called the
Instrument of Accession stating that they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
General Yahya Khan, who was the president of Pakistan, refused to transition power to democratically elected Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. "These events
sparked a massive surge of some 10 million refugees from East Pakistan–Bangladesh–into West Bengal, India, one of the most impoverished districts of
one of the world's poorest nations"("Indo Pakistani War, 1971," n.d.). General Yahya Khan tried to suppress this uprising by systematically
eliminating Bengali civilians, religious minorities and armed personnel. The East Pakistanis fled in millions to India to escape from these brutalities.
India was thus introduced into the war. Pakistan sent airplanes into Kashmir on December 3rd, 1971. This started a 12 day war between India and
Pakistan in which India had the upper hand. India now recognized Bangladesh as a country and at the same time launched an air and ground assault
on Dhaka. India now held control over Dhaka and had captured 90,000 Pakistanis as prisoners of war. Pakistan was left with no choice but to declare
a ceasefire which ended the war between the two countries. Sheikh Mujib returned home to become Bangladesh's first president. Pakistan officially
recognized Bangladesh as a country in

Ndi. In Sharp Contrast To South Africa, Burundi Officially
NDI
In sharp contrast to South Africa, Burundi officially holds the ICC as a 'Western tool to target African governments'. This allegation of institutional
political bias is not a new one but has gained ground in recent times with nine out of ten situations being currently investigated by the office of the
prosecutor being in Africa (Mali, Cote D' Ivoire, Central African Republic, Libya, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo). Georgia is
the only country outside Africa facing such an investigation.
The ICC's inability to try heads of state of any of the P5 countries or even launch preliminary investigations against them for acts of impunity has
bolstered the notion of substantial unfairness and geopolitical prejudice in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since 1994, The Gambia has been under the rule of President Yahya Jammeh, who exercises full control over the military and those critical of
government policies have been at the receiving end of state excesses. With its questionable human rights track record, including the crackdown on
political opponents, The Gambia sooner than later faced the prospect of emerging as a contender for an ICC investigation (Joseph, 2016).
While efforts have been made to portray the withdrawal of South Africa, Burundi and The Gambia from the ICC as a response to ingrained geopolitical
prejudice against the African continent, a closer examination reveals that domestic considerations, including the possibility of imminent prosecution,
play a key role in ICC pull–outs.
The African continent is not a monolithic entity with many different nations appreciating the role of the ICC as a defender and a safeguard in the
fight against impunity. Also, closer coordination with the ICC is viewed as a desirable value to be pursued. However, the perception of a bias
against Africa is a strong one with robust justifications as well and the ball is in the ICC's court to weed out any trace of geo–institutional prejudice
which would be fatal in the struggle against global impunity (Miyandazi et al 2016). RECOMMENDATIONS
1.The international criminal court needs to show that it is open and impartial in its role in the fight against impunity in the world not only in

Malaria In Cuba Essay
Malaria has been a major life–threatening disease for thousands of years, and continues to threaten millions of lives around the world. It infects
approximately 219 million people each year, mostly poor women and children. What is striking about malaria is the fact that it has the worse effect on
those with the least ability to fight the disease. The Republic of Cuba believes that malaria prevention, treatment, and research efforts must be
accelerated to eliminate the burden of this disease across Africa, Asia, the Americas, and any country or territory at risk of malaria transmissions.
Due to the fact that there is currently no risk of malaria in the Republic of Cuba, malaria is not an issue in the Republic of Cuba. The Republic of
Cuba however, would like to help countries or territories at risk with their knowledge and experience they have had with malaria. After vector control
efforts during ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yahya A. J. J. Jammeh, a team of experts from Havana's Pedro KourГInstitute of Tropical Medicine arrived in the capital of Banjul to join the national
malaria effort. "We have permanent doctors. Communities now have access to a doctor within a reasonable distance. We have found that there's no
cultural shock for the Cuban doctors. They adjust very well in our communities. Immediately they arrive, they are at home...They relate to the people.
They see themselves as equals with the people. And people really appreciate that in this country – including the government. And so, they've done
wonders, a lot of indicators have improved since the existence of the Cuban doctors in this country. It's commendable." says Mrs. Isatou Njie–Saidy,
Gambia's Vice President from Interview with Isatou Njie–Saidy, February 9, 2005. Not only that but the Republic of Cuba's government and the
National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) have entered a partnership to employ biotechnology in eradicating
malaria in

Free Bangladesh From The Exploitation Of Pakistan Essay
To free Bangladesh from the exploitation of Pakistan, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, President of the Awami League declared Six
–Point Formula on 13th
February, 1966 when he failed to declare in the conference of opposition held in Lahore. The six clauses were the reflector of independence of the
Bangladeshi people. Freedom of habitation, eating, clothing all these basic needs were assured to be provided by the clauses. So people of East
Pakistan supported this from their heart. The six clauses were: Clause 01: Constitutional Structure and Nature of State: According to 'Lahore
Proposal', it was estimated that Pakistan Constitution would be redefined and a real federal system must be introduced. The federal government
would be parliamentary system. The members of the parliament would be decided by the votes of voters at both central and provisional sector. Clause
02: The Power Of Central Government: Safety of the nation and International Relation concerning matters would be the dealing job of central job. The
other functions would be done by the government of the provinces. Clause 03: Currency and Money System: There were two options: a)There would
have two easily transferable currencies in two states. There would be two state banks in two states. The Local Government would have the power and
authority to control the currency and state bank. Or– b)There would be the same currency in two states. But strict control would be present there to
control the smuggling of money from one

Gambian Political Regime Essay
The Gambian Political Regime Introduction This essay takes an in–depth analysis of the different types of political regimes, and then zooms in on the
regime type in the Gambia. It commences with a definition of a political regime, classifying it into three broad categories, and identifies Gambia as a
hybrid regime based on these typologies. Based on this, a justification is provided for Gambia's categorization as a hybrid regime, before concluding
with ideas on the relationship between regime type and development. Understanding the dynamics of any country; that is, its politics, development
history, and the future trajectory of its development is highly requisite on discerning the political regime that persists. Political regimes are "the... Show
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Three reasons guide my characterization of Gambia as a hybrid regime: (a) influence of political leaders in otherwise democratic institutions and
freedoms; (b) monopolization of political power by a single party for two decades; (c) and executive interference in judicial affairs. President Yahya
Jammeh's ruling party, the Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction (APRC), has been in office since 1996 as the renamed armed forces'
provisional council that took office after the 1994 coup which toppled the liberal democratic government that had been in power since independence.
This followed Gambia's promulgation of a constitution which provides for multi–party democracy and other basic democratic, as well as fundamental
human rights and freedoms Elections are held every 5 years; hence in 1996; 2001; 2006; and 2011 the country held Presidential and Parliamentary
elections. The APRC has emerged victorious in all these elections. However, the free–ness and fairness of these elections remains contested because of
intimidation by ruling–party functionaries and incumbency advantages the president and his party enjoy (Perfect 2010). The opposition is sufficiently
suppressed, through rare but unconcealed random

Othe Native Population And Original Form Of Government
oThe native population and original form of government in Pakistan.
The population of Pakistan is 195,685,058 as of March 27th, 2017, based on the latest United Nations estimates. This is equivalent to 2.62% of the
total world population, ranking at number 6 in the list of countries and colonies by population. In 1955, just a few years after Pakistan became an
independent country in 1947, the population was at 40,427,072. This is a rise of approximately 150,000,000 in 62 years. o The colonial era and the
influence of European rulers on Pakistan and its government.
Fifty–six years after independence, Pakistan remains very much a third–world country. These days the youth of the country sometimes express the
belief that Pakistan would have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ruler of the fourth state declared Kalat 's independence as this was one of the options given to all of the 535 princely states by British Prime
Minister Clement Attlee. Kalat finally acceded to Pakistan on March 27, 1948 after the 'strange help ' of AllIndia Radio and a period of negotiations and
bureaucratic tactics used by Pakistan. Second Balochistan Conflict (1958–1959)
Nawab Nauroz Khan took up arms in resistance to the One Unit policy. This decreased government representation for tribal leaders, from 1958 to
1959. He and his followers started a guerrilla war against Pakistan. It was the second of four Indo–Pakistan Wars fought between the two newly
independent nations. They were arrested, charged with treason, and imprisoned in Hyderabad. Five of his family members, sons and nephews, were
subsequently hanged on various charges.
Third Balochistan Conflict (1963–1969)
A Baloch separatist movement gained momentum in the 1960s, following the introduction of a new constitution in 1956 which enacted the 'One Unit '
concept of political organisation in Pakistan. Tension grew amongst consistent political disorder. The federal government tasked the Pakistan Army
with building several new bases in key areas of Balochistan. Sher Muhammad Bijrani Marri led like–minded militants into guerrilla warfare from 1963
to 1969. It was the third of four Indo–Pakistan Wars fought between the two newly independent

Research Paper On Gambia
The Republic of the Gambia in the International Organizations: Gambia is no doubt one of the smallest countries in the whole Africa and in the
world at large. It's a former British colony, gained its independence from the Great Britain in the eighteenth day of February in 1965. Gambia
became a republic in 1970 and has since joined and signed treaties with various international organizations the likes of UN, WTO and IMF. Gambia is
considered one of the poorest country looking at the GDP per capita. Gambia is also a country that is not blessed with oil and all other fancy natural
resources like golds and diamonds for its survival. Gambia creates and benefit revenue for foreign exchange and survival through Agriculture, Tourism,
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The annual GDP growth rate as of 20105 was growing at a rate or –0.9%. Media professionals in the Gambia also suffer torture, arbitrary arrest that
follows by unjustified imprisonment and sometimes death by the government agencies. So many journalists including a prominent journalist Deyda
Hydara was shot dead on his way home by government officials. An allegation the government denied and refused to investigate because the
former president said if anyone wants to know who kills Deyda Hydara they can visit him in his grave yard and ask his dead body who may have
killed him. The former president also refused entry to international forensic examiners from conducting an autopsy regarding the sudden death of
Journalist Deyda Hydara who has been a great advocate for press freedom in the Gambia. He and many of his colleagues suffer severe torture,
brutal treatments for the past 22 years in the Gambia. As a result of all these human right's abuse record Gambia has, The UNESCO in collaboration
with EU released this on their website "In the Republic of The Gambia, as in many countries around the world, media professionals often lack the
necessary resources and capacities to exercise their activities." In addition to that, both UNESCO and EU embarked on a project as part of a wider
governance program of 10 million euro (approximately equivalent to 500

The Bangladesh Liberation War was a Major Event that...
The Bangladesh Liberation War was a major event that left a huge, lasting effect on our world. Starting on March 21, 1971 and lasting one month
long, the war became a fight over power and authority. The war affected Pakistan and India greatly. It was first triggered when East and West Pakistan
had issues. India became involved in the war when they decided to help East Pakistan. The war affected a great number of people. Just like any war, The
Bangladesh Liberation Warhad many devastating tragedies. Although the tragedies were an obstacle, everything ended up working out for the uprising
of Bangladesh.
There were multiple causes of The Bangladesh Liberation War. These causes include the lack of sharing power between East and West Pakistan,
resources, language, and the Bhola Cyclone. Pakistan was divided up into provinces. West Pakistan had four provinces that included Punjab, Sindh,
Balochistan, and the North–West Frontier.East Pakistan was a province all on its own. Although the majority of the population lived in East Pakistan,
it seemed as if West Pakistan had complete control over East Pakistan. East Pakistan had little to no political power. Resources was also a cause of
the war. Since West Pakistan had complete control over East Pakistan, they used more resources than the east did. Between the years of 1948 and
1960, 70% of all of Pakistan's exports were made by East Pakistan. Sadly, East Pakistan only received 25% of the imported money because West
Pakistan was

What Are The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Servant Leadership
Servant leadership is a type of leadership whereby the leader serves the needs of the people, empathizes with them, and involves them in solving
their needs. Servant leadership is all about involving the people you are leading in your decision making, being ethical and caring for the people to
enhance their personal growth at the same time improve their life. A servant leader does not simply delegate roles; he starts the work and energizes
the others to join him and get the work done. According to Spears (2004), the servant leader as defined by Greenleaf is one who gets the natural
feeling of wanting to serve first and then a conscious choice brings him/her to lead. This leader makes sure that other people's highest–priority needs
are take... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unlike servant leadership, a Machiavellian leader does not care about the emotional dissonance of the citizens or employees in the case of a
company. Most of these leaders are power hungry politicians who will do all it takes to acquire positions in the parliament and amass wealth.
However, there are other leaders who may just want to rule harshly for "the greater good". Either way, as studied by Gkorezis et al. (2015) ,
"Machiavellian leadership has a both direct and indirect, through organizational cynicism, on employees' emotional exhaustion." An example of such
a leader is Gambia's former president, Yahya Jammeh who had to be impeached for resisting to hand over power. He is allegedly reported to have
been worth more than the entire country he was ruling for many years and claimed that he got his wealth from Allah (Freedom Newspaper, 2017).
This is a leader who does not put the interest of the people at heart and exploits them to amass wealth. A servant leader would never do such a

Cold War Essay
The U. s. States had been an essential attract of Us us president Yahya's military government, as described in recommendations released by Gary Bass
in the "The Veins Telegram": "President Nixon liked very few individuals, but he did like Common Yahya Khan." Individual tasks of Us us president
Yahya had helped to find the communication route between the U. s. States and the China providers suppliers, which would be used to set up the
Nixon's trip in 1972. Since 1960, Pakistan was perceived in the U. s. States as an integral bulwark against the globalized Communism in the Cool War.
The U. s. States very carefully strengthened Pakistan during 1971 although The legislature kept in place an hands embargo. In 1970, Indian local ...
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Nixon asserted that Indian local regional could depend on US endeavors to relieve the down ends within a short time interval of your tasks and
attempt. But, both Kissinger and Gandhi's aide Jayakar managed, Gandhi, did not respond to these recommendations. Kissinger described that she
"listened to what was actually one of Nixon's better presentations with aloof indifference" but "took up none of what exactly." Jayakar indicated out
that Gandhi took into Nixon "without an individual comment, creating an impregnable place so that no actual get in touch with as possible." She also
refrained from guaranteeing that Indian local regional would follow Pakistan's fit if it withdrew from India's limitations. As an effect, the primary
technique was "dropped completely." On 3 Dec, Yahya preemptively attacked the Indian local regional Air Power and Gandhi retaliated, pushing into
Southern Pakistan. Nixon released a statement blaming Pakistan for starting the issue and blaming Indian local regional to maximize it because he
preferred a cease–fire. The U. s. States was privately encouraging the shipping of military devices from Iran, Chicken, and The the air the air Jordan to
Pakistan, reimbursing those nations despite Congressional Justifications. The US used the danger of an aid cut–off to make Pakistan to down again,
while its continuous military aid to Islamabad prevented Indian local regional from releasing incursions

Decentralization Reforms Of Pakistan During Ayub Khan Period
DECENTRALIZATION REFORMS IN PAKISTAN DURING AYUB KHAN PERIOD
Pakistan inherited a feudal based political framework during those center of the governmental issues. The Most exceedingly bad and only it might have
been uncovered before long following those destruction of the Quiad–e–Azam muhammad ali jinnah. The investigation of decentralization uncovers the
interior Shortcomings of the political framework Furthermore it Additionally uncovers that now and again in the political history about pakistan those
political clashes and rifts expanded will such levels that those entirety Dependability of the framework might have been set to risk. It is accurate that
the extent of the issues in every last one of measurements e. G. Political, budgetary Furthermore social and so on might have been colossal and the
emergency of the heading settled on it Most exceedingly bad. In any case absence of political investment and the doubt of the individuals for pakistan
in the punctual time of the national political historical backdrop is a central point which guided those musings of the primary tyrant with feel the pulse
of the kin i. e. Should include them done political settings of the particular nation. Idea of decentralization gets its backing starting with the political
performance by those government officials in the early days following those demise for Quiad–e–Azam muhammad ali jinnah. Turbulence from
claiming political history confused those national targets Also pretentious each

West Pakistan Genocide
"Kill three million of them, and the rest will eat out of our hands" (qtd. in Hensher). In keeping with this declaration of General Yahya Khan, West
Pakistani soldiers began a campaign in 1971 to torture and kill millions of Bengalis and Hindus in East Pakistan. West Pakistan had significant concerns
regarding the unrest of the independence movement in East Pakistan, and had decided to halt the protests by force. After the first attacks at Dhaka
University on the night of March 25, 1971, until the surrender of Pakistani forces to the Indian military on December 16, West Pakistan succeeded in
their plan to inflict extreme suffering on the Bengali ethnicity. The East Pakistan genocide of 1971 involving West and East Pakistan was a result of the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instead of brutally exterminating nearly three million people, West Pakistan should have sought non–violent negotiations to defuse the tense situation
in East Pakistan. Also, outside powers such as the US could have discontinued their support of West Pakistan and condemned the horrific events in East
Pakistan to discourage the perpetrators of the genocide. In the future, international cooperation and diplomacy must be implemented to prevent the
extreme suffering of millions of people and halt the causes of genocide before murder and military intervention are necessary. Currently, one particular
conflict strongly resembles the East Pakistan genocide, namely the war in Syria. The civil war in Syria has caused 60,000 deaths, mostly rebel
soldiers and Sunni civilians, as the oppressive government of Bashar al–Assad continues to halt uprisings and murder citizens (Genocide Watch). In
order to stop further suffering, determined international negotiations and increased understanding between religious groups will be necessary.
Situations such as the events in Syria often begin with events in which a group of people are viewed as inferior and unworthy of living. In the East
Pakistan genocide, these events were evident through the statements of the main perpetrators such as Yahya Khan, as they portrayed the Bengalis as
lesser beings and unworthy of living. In order to prevent senseless suffering and the countless loss of lives in the future, and also to ensure a
successful and harmonious society, individuals must accept the differences of others, and regard all people as equally deserving of a fulfilling

Gambia and Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of...
As far as we can go back in history human rights have been violated, nonetheless many attempts have been made to protect human rights. The first
attempt was the signing of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights after World War II. The world agreeing to this declaration was a way to ensure
that the lives of so many people weren't to be lost again for unnecessary reasons. The main purpose of this declaration is making sure that all humans
have the right to freedom, justice, and peace in the world. It also says that everyone has the right to nationality, religion, and his or her own opinion.
Unfortunately today in many countries human rights are still violated. One of the countries that violates human rights is The Gambia and I will be
focusing on Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Article 19 of the universal declaration of human rights states " Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes the right
to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers." "Freedom
of expression is a fundamental human right. The full enjoyment of this right is central to achieving individual freedoms and to developing democracy."
However in The Gambia although the constitution and law provide for freedom of speech and press, the government has restricted these rights.
The Gambia one of Africa's smallest countries and unlike many of its West

Essay On Bangladesh Genocide
The Bangladesh genocide started with Operation Searchlight, a planned military pacification carried out by the west Pakistan Army against east
Pakistan that began on 25 March, 1971. The goal was to curb the Bengali nationalist movement by taking control of the major cities and then
eliminating all opposition, political or military. The people of Pakistan wanted to systematically deprive the Bihari community culturally, economically
and politically. Pakistan was known as West Pakistan and what is now Bangladesh was known as East Pakistan. West Pakistan wanted to culturally
assimilate Bengalis culturally. During the nine–month–long Bangladesh war for independence, members of the Pakistani military and supporting
Islamist militias from Jamaat–e–Islami... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pakistan could not gather international support, it fought a lone battle with few countries supporting it. The United Nations condemned the human
rights violations made by Pakistan but they failed to restrain the situation politically before the start of the war. Following the declaration of
independence in March 1971, a campaign was launched by the Provisional Government of Bangladesh to gather political support for the
independence of East Pakistan as well as humanitarian support for the Bengali people. India provided major diplomatic and political support to the
Bangladesh movement. Pakistan wanted India to agree to a ceasefire and asked the UN to intervene but by the time their proposal was finished,
Pakistan's forces had surrendered and the war was over. Pakistan was sought for war crimes but the Bangladeshi government was not interested in
gathering evidence because of fear that Pakistan and other Muslim states wouldn't Bangladesh official recognition. This genocide could not have been
prevented. West and East Pakistan were once one country, but they were a divided one. Eventually East Pakistan was going to want independence from
the West which would have resulted in a civil war just like the Bangladesh Liberation war. Relations between Bangladesh and Pakistan improved in the
years following the genocide. To this day, Pakistan refuses to acknowledge

Genetically Modified Organisms And Its Effects On Humans...
GMOs Genetically modified organisms also known as GMOs are used to change the DNA of animals and plants by using crossbreeding methods
("GMO Facts." The NonGMO Project RSS. Web. 4 Mar. 2015.). These altered organisms are used to improve our food and are thought to be a
good way to feed the rest of the world, especially undeveloped countries. But what most people don't know is that GMOs are poorly tested, unsafe,
and are found in most foods in the market. Genetically modified organisms are not properly tested. In fact, the FDA abstains from conducting a safe
study of it's own. As a result, the United States Government relies on a study conducted by the same company that created genetically modified
organisms and has approved the usage of GMOs to grow this nations food. Not to mention, this study has only proven that consuming GMO foods do
not have an effect on humans within ninety days. This is not long enough to see if it has a long time effect on humanity. This study can only benefit
GMO companies for profit purposes. ("GMO Facts." The NonGMO Project RSS. Web. 4 Mar. 2015.) Since then, over one thousand seven hundred
studies have tried to prove that modified foods are safe. Sadly, most of these studies have proven otherwise. ("Home – Earth Open Source." Earth Open
Source. Web. p. 102. 4 Mar. 2015.). As a result, over 60 countries have already required modified foods to be labeled for example: Vietnam, Peru,
Ecuador, and India ("Labeling Around the World | Just

Gambia American Influence
One cannot deny that history has a great impact on the development of nations. This can be due to policies, markets, and infrastructure which are
prompted by history which give the nation an edge in development speed in the future. The Gambia's history is somewhat complex, and while this
complexity can make it difficult to track the course of development, it undoubtedly has had a huge effect of the Gambia's development. The Gambia
was ruled by many kingdoms throughout its precolonial history, with none of them being strong enough to gain complete control. These kingdoms
often were split into ethnic groups such as the Fulani, Wolof, and Malinki. European influence began in the late fifteenth century when the Portuguese
came and established trading posts. This is when the peanut, a major crop in the Gambia, was introduced. As these posts were unproductive those who
lived in the Gambia were essentially left alone until the nineteenth century when the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First off, the fact that Ireland has had a long time being influenced by the English has helped them to share in the benefits which England brought
from its vast economy. The colonization of other countries by England allowed for a amassing of wealth which the English used, partially at least, to
develop infrastructure in Ireland. The Gambia was only under control by the British for approximately one hundred and fifty years, meaning that it
was not influenced by England as much as Ireland. When Ireland entered the European Union it had easy access to some of the largest economies in
the world and was able to draw in investors from those countries, bringing revenue into the country. The Gambia never was able to become a member
of an economic alliance as large as the European Union, meaning that it could not receive foreign investments as readily as Ireland, slowing down its
economic

My Country Beulfons Me Speech Analysis
Ushna Jameel
18020289
Aqila Zaman
20th April, 2015
SS100 Section 12
"My Country Beckons Me"
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto delivered the well–known "My Country Beckons Me" speech on 15th December 1971. He was one of the radical politicians of
Pakistan. Bhutto was the founding father of one of the biggest political parties in Pakistan known as Pakistan People's Party (PPP); he also served as the
Prime minister from 1973–77 and as the President of Pakistan from 1971–1973. This speech was delivered one day before East Pakistan (Bangladesh)
was separated from Pakistan. During the speech, Bhutto speaks of the ugly truth of the Security ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example "We are your guinea pigs today. We are not going to lick the dust" (6).In fact, he wants to win his audience's trust. The sudden shift
from active to passive voice is, in general, a very effective tactic in shifting blame and Bhutto uses this method really well (Abbas 18).For example,
"For four days the Security Council has procrastinated. We will build greater Pakistan" (2).He starts in active voice then suddenly shifts to passive
voice and shifts all the blame towards Security Council (Abbas 18). He also uses anaphora (repetition of certain words in beginning of sentences) to
emphasize on certain points. For Instance "We were told about the realities...which are rooted in historic principles" (3).In this paragraph he uses word
'Realities' several time to emphasize on it. Moreover, one of the best methods for invoking audience's participation is the use of rhetorical question in
speech. Bhutto uses this tactic quite well in his discourse: "Who says that the new reality arose out of free will?..Why does India then not permit it to
exercise its will?"(3).In this way he became successful in generating doubts in audience's mind regarding

Causes Of Separation Of East Pakistan
Quaid–e–Azam who made freedom possible for us and gave us the separate homeland to live, but the incident of East Pakistan hurts every Pakistani
because we love our Bengali brothers and sisters and we wanted to live with them one basis of equality and wanted to stay one nation but due to some
our mistakes and some external interruption it could not possible to stay with each other, the East Pakistan become now Bangladesh. East Pakistan,
Dhaka Fall 1971, the incident not happened sudden there was a complete planning behind this incident. The East Pakistan is the biggest lost of our
country. We have the separate homeland but it has the history that for this homeland our leaders and the Muslims of Subcontinent sacrifice their lives.
The separation of East Pakistan is bitter truth for us but we have to accept this truth because behind this there was the wrong step or mistake which
was taken in the past. We are trying to reduce the problems. Pakistan came in to being on 14th August 1947 from that day till now we are facing a lot
of problems. The separation of East Pakistan gave the grief. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Political system in Pakistan broke down in 1971 because of output failure arising out of dissension and conflict among East and West Pakistan. 2:
Though separation of East Pakistan occurred in 1971, the separation's elements had begun to work with the emergence of Pakistan in 1947.
Causes of separation of East Pakistan:
On 14th August 1947 we received freedom and got a separate homeland named "Pakistan". But on 16 December 1971 after the war we lost our one
hand that is East Pakistan. The separation has many causes which are following :
1: HINDUS INFLUENCE
2: FAILURE OF MUSLIM LEAGUE LEADERSHIP
3: UNITY OF BENGALI MUSLIM AND HINDUS
4: THE DELAY IN CONSTITUTION MAKING PROCESS
5: PRESIDENTIAL FORM OF

Taking a Look at the Bangladesh Genocides
The Bangladesh Genocides is remembered as the most concentrated genocide of the 20th century, however it is an astonishing act of overlooking. In an
attempt to crush forces seeking independence for East Pakistan, the West Pakistani military regime unleashed an efficient campaign of mass murder
which aimed at killing millions of Bengalis, and succeeded in doing so.
For the bloodbath in March–December 1971 – when the Pakistani army executed a largely unarmed Bengali population in the then vital part of Pakistan
's state known as "East Pakistan", in an effort to suppress the region's demand for independence – was at the time the biggest story in the world's media.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Before 1971, Bangladesh was divided into two regions; both with opposing political power. Although East Pakistan (Bangladesh) withheld the larger
population between the two provinces, it acquired much less political dominance than West Pakistan. Through the power and representation of leader
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, East Pakistan rebelled. Rahman, leader of political party 'The Awami League' demanded more powers both politically and
economically. This struggle finally cumulated into the war of independence for East Pakistan.
CAUSE OF THE GENOCIDE
In the 1971 national elections, The Awami League, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, had a major success, winning 160 seats as well as majority of the
national assembly. Rahman demanded independence for East Pakistan, as well as the right to form a government.

Genocide: The Cause Of Mass Murders In East Pakistan
Though a broadly used term, genocide did not exist before the terrors of the Holocaust. Afterwards, the United Nations decided to give it its present
definition, a mass killing of a large group of people, usually of the sam religion, ethnicity, or race. In the process, they tried to extinguish all mass
murders around the world, but still many acts of genocide were conducted, for example the genocide in Bangladesh. It began in 1971, in East Pakistan.
The whole genocide began as an attempt to crush forces that were seeking freedom and independence for East Pakistan. West Pakistan released a
campaign of mass murder to kill millions of Bengali. The Muslim Generals then decided that they wanted Pakistan to become pure, and they killed
anyone who ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The current governing party is the Awami League (AL), which is center/center–left. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and its allies from the
right–of–center to conservative grouping in Bangladesh.The extreme right or left, while not supported by a large fraction of the populace, are typified
by having very dedicated followers. To the left are the pro–Soviet Bangladesh Communist Party, factions of the Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal, and other
socialist groups advocating revolutionary change. To the right is a group of Islamist parties, including Jamaat e Islami and Islami Oikyo Jote, who
calls for an increased role for Islam in public life. The fifth major party is the party founded by ex–military ruler General Ershad, the Jatiyo Party (JP)
is ideologically not too different from the AL or the BNP but operates independently. The Pakistani government wanted to stop any Bengali people
from seeking freedom, so they decided to kill them. The Awami League, who was supposed to defend the East Pakistan Military men, became targets
when President Khan thought the Awami League was a threat to his government.Then, in rage, the Awami League fought back against the Pakistani
Military. It all officially began on March 25, 1971, with Operation Searchlight. The goal of the operation was to take control of all the major cities by
March 26, then, within a month, eliminate all political or military leaders. The first to be killed was a group of hundreds of students and teachers, who
were rounded up, then shot to death by the Pakistani Military men

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