This slides shows the pre-independence problems and challenges of Pakistan. Problems like Economy, political instability were effectively solved By Muslim Leaders. All of them contributed well in the freedom of sub-continent.

1. Assignment-1
“Pakistan Day--- A reminder of nationalism”
Name: Jawad Ahmed Roll-No: 20I-0945
Section: F Due Date: Mar 18, 2021

2. Introduction:
Pakistan appeared on the map of world on Aug 14, 1947. It was not
merely created in just two or three days but it comprises of so many fluctuated events and the
endless efforts of Muslims leaders and Muslims of the Sub-Continent. They all had dreamt of
achieving such a state where supreme authority will be given to Almighty Allah and his Prophet
Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬ ,where everyone has equal rights, where government should be answerable to
his people. All of these aspects provokes Muslims of Sub-continent in achieving a separate
homeland for themselves. The separation of sub-continent movement was started initially in
1857, just after completion of war of independence, when Muslims were deprived from their
basic social and political rights. They were not considered for any job opportunity even if they
were deserving. These all dreadful circumstances have compelled Muslim leaders to think of a
separate homeland for Muslims of sub-continent. This ideological thought work throughout the
formation process of Pakistan. All Muslims leaders worked with utmost efforts for benefitting
Muslims of sub-continent.
The significant part of this efforts starts from 1940. All Muslim leader
through the platform of All India Muslim League (AIML) with renowned personalities led from
the front. It was finally Mar 23, 1940 when ‘the Lahore Resolution ‘was presented and it was
passed under the kind leadership of Quaid-e-Azam. This was the first moment when idea of the
separate state Pakistan was proposed.
Muslims situationbefore 1940:
The Pakistan Resolution provided the Muslims a strategy on which they should work on. Initially
majority of Muslims were in favor of protecting ideological and religious rights of Muslims of
sub-continent. But soon they were able to recognize the true face and the dismissive attitude of
Indian National Congress (INC) towards Muslims. Similarly, extremist Hindus have launched the
anti-Muslims drive in the sub-continent to wipe out Muslims from Sub-continent. All of these
reasons caused the Muslims leaders to think of separate homeland for them. For this reason,
All India Muslim League (AIML) was established on Dec 06, 1930. Sir Agha Khan was elected as

3. the first President of All India Muslim League. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was
associated with INC initially but soon he left out INC because he experienced bad Intentions of
Indian National Congress. He then joined All India Muslim League in 1913 and became its
president in 1916. This was the key moment in history of All India Muslim League. This re-
united the Muslims of the sub-continent for the reason that Muslims have been deprived of the
political rights and they desperately needed some kind of platform so that they able to express
themselves. Another landmark that All India Muslim League achieved was in 1930, when Dr.
Allama Muhammad Iqbal presented the idea of Two Nation theory. He clearly explained that
Muslims are a separate nation from other nations in every aspect of life. He recommended that
Punjab, Sindh, NWFP and Baluchistan should transformed into separate Muslim state. This
positioned Muslims into a very commanding position. Muslims were over-whelmed by this idea
which later led the formation of Pakistan. The most disappointment that All India Muslim
league got when the elections were held in 1936-37. Although they got seats in every province
but the results were not very much convincing and satisfactory.
The Turn Around:
This made Muslims to re-think and re-build their strategy. The next major step of All India
Muslim League was the Lahore Resolution which laid the foundation of Pakistan. It was held on
22 – 24 Mar, 1940. The meeting was presided by Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. This
resolution clearly demonstrates that Muslims and Hindus are two separate nations and both of
them have their own culture, traditions and religion. The Lahore Resolution was further name
as ‘Pakistan Resolution’ and it was completely centered upon ‘Two Nation Theory’. This made
the status of Muslims to a very distinct point where it is made very much clear that they want
an independent and sovereign state. There were some Muslim leaders who have contrasting
views on division of sub-continent. They had reservations and continuously they opposed the
division.
Post 1940:

4. After the passing of Pakistan Resolution, the movement of Pakistan arose with more strength.
Muslims Majority provinces influenced this movement. The passing of this resolution mobilized
all the Muslim political and social workers, farmers, traders and students of sub-continent. So,
when the election of 1945-46 were held, AIML got tremendous victory by clean sweeping all
the Muslim Majority states. This give a sigh of relief to AIML but in contrary INC was
traumatized by this victory of AIML. All Muslims majority provinces played an emphatic role
over this victory. Punjab was crucial for Pakistan because of its strategic position. Leaders from
Punjab like Allama Iqbal and others played a key role in formation of Pakistan. Similarly, the
people of Sindh was always in favor of Pakistan. Sindh Assembly successfully passed resolution
which was entirely in support of Pakistan Formation. Relatedly NWFP and Balochistan have
their referendum which evidently falls in the formation of Pakistan. People of both provinces
choose to live with Pakistan. Abdur-rab-Nishter fromNWFP and Qazi Isa from Balochistan have
played a vital role in formulation of Pakistan. Bengal was one of the most influential state of
Muslim Community. The inauguration of All India Muslim League was done in Dhaka, Bengal.
Sir Agha Khan (first president of AIML) and Khawaja Nazimuddin (Second prime minister of
Pakistan) was from Bengal. This depict that the making of Pakistan was indeed a collective
effort rather than an individual effort.
Conclusion:
Pakistan came into being by the assimilationofprovinces and integration of national leaders who
worked energies to achieve a separate homeland for the Muslims of sub-continent. All of them
had a bigger dream for which they sacrificed almost everything of their life. But unfortunately,
after the formation of Pakistan national integration have always been an issue of Pakistan.
From its beginning Pakistan have been facing major problems like economy, political instability
and extremism. All of these problems provoked the fateful problem of provincialism which
could ultimately results in disintegration of whole country. The problem of provincialism started
back in early days of Pakistan when linguistic issue erupted. After Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali
Jinnah, there was no leader that can unite the Pakistan which eventually led to the Political
instability among different provinces of Pakistan. Not giving the Provinces enough Economic

5. Rights also incited Provincialism. All of these circumstances had led our society to a deep pitfall
of provincialism which should be regret for Pakistan. This is not even less than a disaster which
prime example is Bangladesh (East Pakistan).
So there is a need of re-approaching those policies which results in
provincialism. We need to go beyond this provincialism because a nation’s greatest asset is its
Nationalism. The country only progresses when there is harmony and coherence among its
people. May Almighty Allah protect us from disharmony and conflicts. Ameen.
References:
References
Ansari,Y. (2020, March 23). 23rd March:The History Behind Pakistan Resolution Day.Retrievedfrom
https://www.brandsynario.com/23rd-march-the-history-behind-pakistan-resolution-day/
References
Rizvi,D.H. (2015, March 22). Pakistan and March 23. Retrievedfrom
https://tribune.com.pk/story/857380/pakistan-and-march-23
References
Sarfraz,A. (2020, May 21). Struggleforindependenceof Pakistan and divineimprinton its birth.
Retrievedfrom https://dailytimes.com.pk/615645/struggle-for-independence-of-pakistan-and-
divine-imprint-on-its-birth/
References
EIJAZUDDIN,C.M. (2010, Jan 24). Sindh`srole in Pakistan movement.Retrievedfrom
https://www.dawn.com/news/871700/sindh-s-role-in-pakistan-movement
References
Chawla,M. I. (n.d.). Reimagining theRoleof Punjab in the Pakistan.Retrievedfrom
http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/studies/PDF-FILES/Article_1_2018_07_12.pdf

6. Works Cited
Askari,P.D. (2009, December31). The LahoreResolution,1940. Retrievedfrom
http://www.cssforum.com.pk/css-compulsory-subjects/pakistan-affairs/29988-complete-notes-
pakistan-affairs-prof-dr-hassan-askari-2.html
References
UKEssays.(2018, Nov). CausesOf FailureOf NationalIntegration In Pakistan PoliticsEssay.Retrieved
fromhttps://www.ukessays.com/essays/politics/causes-of-failure-of-national-integration-in-
pakistan-politics-essay.php