An intersting book for students in the scientific field

1. '
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2. Student's Book
oxroRD
INIVERSITY PRESS

3. Contents
It'smyjob Customercare
I Technologyand societY P.4
2 Studying
technologY P.]o
Reading
Technologyand Branchesof
work technologY
Comparisons
with
adjectives
and
adverbs
Present
Simple
v
Present
Continuous
Question
types
usedto,usedfor,
madeoJmadefrom
Timeclauses
Recording
new
words
Wordgroups
Describing
materials
Describing
motion
Satellite
launch
sysrems
Thetimetable
Famousdesigners
Skateboard
v
snowboard
Explaining
a
diagram
Benefitsof
appropriate
technology
Crime-fighting
devices
CD manufacturing
Food
anddrink
manufacturing
Project
/ Listening
Webquest
/
Problem-solving
Technological
innovations
Branchesof Thecourse
technology
Course
descriptions
Word
stress
Strong
andweak
formsofauxiliary
verbs
lntonationfor
questlons
Numbers
and
quantities
3 Design p.16
Kenneth
Blake: Using
non- Designing
achair
Furniture specialist
language
Designer
4 Technology
in sPort P-7)
PedroFernandez:
Making
BikeMaker recommendations
5 AppropriatetechnologY P.28
Explaining
the Stirling
engine
difference
between
Products
6 Crime-fightingand security p.34
Usinginformal Protecting
a large
language storefrom
shoPlifters
Thedesignprocess
Workingwith
design
Exchanging
information
Crime-fighting
equipment
7 Manufacturing P.40
Nasser
Aziz:
Manufacturing
Engineer
Manufactu
ring
processes
Theinventor
Modern
manufacturing
processes
Thecarofthe
future
Shortreportand
linking
words
Shortsequence
Describing
function
PresentPassive
-proof,
-resistant,
-tight
Compound
nouns
Recording
new
expressions
8 Transport p.46
JanBronec: Makingand Less
common
Mechanical acknowledging formsoftransport
Engineer aPologies Carengines
Prediction:
will,may,might
corÍectiVe
stre5s

4. Writingbanko p.52
Technology
insport
Appropriate
tech
nology
Crime-fighting
andsecu
rity
9 Highliving:
skyscrapers.
p.68
Leon
Peters: Showing
visitors
SteelErector round
a
construction
site
10 Medicaltechnologyo p.7+
Phillipe
Rugeri: Giving
clear
Mechatronics instructions
Engineer
1l Personalentertainmento o.80
Bruno
Schleef: Makins
Video
Games tuggeitions
uesrgner
12Information
technologyo p.8o
Diana
Mayo:
lT Working
ona help
Support desk
Technician
13Telecommunications
o p.92
Todd
McArthur: Explaining
in
Tele- simple
terms
communications
Technician
14Careersintechnologyo p.98
15Thefutureof technologyo p.lo+
Saying
goodbye
Pairworkactivitieso o.110
Manufacturing
Transport
Highliving:
skyscrapers
Thetallest
buildings
inthe
world
Devices
forthe
blind
Satellite
communication
systems
Medicaltechnology
Personal
entertainment
Careersintechnology
How slgrscrapers
arebuilt
Thefutureoftechnology
Readingbank key p.66
Foundationtypes Safetysignsand
safetyadvice
Devicesforthe Shortdescription Relativeclauses
elderly
Videogames
Opposites
should/ shouldn't Newvocabulary
PastPassive Collocations
PastSimple
v
PresentPerfect
Jobrequirements
Phrasal
verbs Affixes
Listeningscriptst p.124
Best-selling Opinions
computergame
genres
a
Supercomputers Describing CADCAM
changes
Computer
peripherals
Mobilephones
VolPphone
systems
Jobdescriptions
Stressin long
words(1)
Linking
words
-edformofverbs
andwordswith
silentletters
PastSimplev
PresentPerfect
Stressin long
words(2)
Linking
in phrasal
verbs
Glossary. p.t31
Predictions
Symbols and characteÍs. p.1l4
Personalitycareer
CV
test
Jobinterview
Future
developments
Grammarreference
. o.ll5

5. 4 U n i t1
Switchon
t Lookat picturesA-F.They show ways in which
technology affectshow we live.Identlfythe different
itemsin eachoicture
2 Match the effectsoftechnologyto picturesA-F.Declde
which effectsareposltive,and which arenegative.
/t
I -
I-
a -
I -
trttF
1 fasttravel
) r t t r a v - ^ l l ' ' + i ^ -
3 nuclearmissiles
4 lesshousework
n h e e n n ^ r ^ r a T
6 noisepollution
E X A M P L E
PictureA
7 roaddeaths
8 spaceexploration
9 overweightpeople
10 globa1
warming
11 easycommunication
12 massentertainment
j (Negativeeffect)
8 (PositÍve
effect)
lil
,/
$;:
ffi"
tr

6. Technology
andsociety
o speaking
aboutthewaytechnology
affectsour lives
o listening
to peopledescribing
the effectsof new
technology
ontheirwork
o comparisons
with adjectives
andadverbs
o howto stress
technical
words
o howto groupandremember
newterms
listening
Technology
andwork
I f) fisten to four peopledescribingthe effectsof new
technologyon their work.Match eachpersonto his /
herjob.
o Language
spot
Comparisons
with adjectives
andadverbs
. The speakersare comparing howthings are now
with how they were before:
It'smuchfaster.
It'smore realistic.
It'ssafer.
My salesare muchworse.
t We make comparisonswith short adjectiveslike/ast
by adding -er)faster.
With long adjectiveslike realistic,weuse moreand less
) more / Iessrealistic.
Note the irregularforms:Qood) betterand bad)
worse.
Someadverbsarethe same as adjectives,
for example
early,fast,high,late,Wíththese adverbs,we use -er)
earlier,fa ster,higher,Iater.
With adverbsending in -ly,we use more and less.
We
can add muchto emphasizethe comparÍson:
With a computerI can work more efficientlyand much
faster.
)) Go to Gtammat reference p.115
I fiU tne gapsto comparecomputers now and ten years
ago.Usethe adjectivesÍnbrackets.
Computersto day are moreP owerÍul' (powerful)'
They operate -'(fast) and they have much
-' (large)memories.Becausethey contain
more electronics,thecaseshavebecome o
(big)but the flat-screen monitors are -5
(heavy)and fit into a -' (small) space on your
desk.Computersare also 7(cheap).
The price
is 8(low)nowthan
in the past.The programstoo
are e(good).
are-to
They
(sophisticated)and you
canworkmuch
1 1
I Vera
I Lnrrstrne
3 Gupta
4 Anton
a shop owner
b doctor
c musicÍan
d teacher
Q Listenagain.Decidewhether eachpersonmakes
commentswhich areposÍtive,
negative,or both.
Tick(/)the correctcolumn(s).
Positive Negative
Vera
Christine
Gupta
Anton
Q Work in pairs.Listento the shop owner again and
write down what he says.Help eachotherto make a
completeand accurateversion.Then comparewiththe
Listeningscript on p.124.
i
2
4
(effciently).

7. l-class(adj)
notdivided
into
first,
business,
andeconomy
classes
range (n)
thedistance
thata
planecantravel
before
it needs
morefuel
r:eiling
(n)the
maximum
height
thata planecanflY
Lookatthe diagramsofthe Airbus A380 andthe Boeing747.
Thenstudythe
tableand completesentences
1-8comparingthetwo planes'
"i*'"
{$
Tno'u"'u,,
*
í!'h
€
-,'
1 l
length
wrngspa
n
weight(empty)
weight
(maximum
tate off)
speed
(maximum)
range
cllins
capacity
(maximum)
engrnes
thrust
r,r,tintr.oauá
AirbusAl80
7 3 m
79.8m
275,000
kg
5a8,000kg
945kph
15,100
km
13,100m
840(l-class)
4turbofans
1,208
kN
zooi
Boeing747
7O.1m
64.4m
'180,800
kg
39r,ooó
kg
1,127
kph
14200km
13,500m
550(1-class)
4 turbofans
1,096
kN
r98ó
1 TheAirbus is _- (long)
than the Boeing
2 TheBoeingis a little-- (short)
than the
Airbus.
3 TheAirbus cancarrya - (heavy)
weight
than the Boeing.
4 TheBoeingis - (fast)
than the Airbus.
5 TheAirbus canfly --- (far)
than the Boeing
6 TheBoeingcanflY- (high)thanthe
Airbus.
7 TheAÍrbusengines ale -.- (powerful).
8 TheAirbuswas introduced_- (recently).
3 Now write threemoresentences
ofyour own
comparingthe two Planes.

8. Technology
andsociety7
Reading
Branches
of technology
Readheadlines1-8from recentnews stories.
Match the
headlinesto the correctbranchoftechnologya-h.
l ' |
LIi('r' t lVt'll l'ltl lll il ll
br'.rin
cclls
- t
,L| 15billiontext messages
senteverymonth
i ; l
! USA developing a vveaprrn
to fire microwaves
...t'..í..j
ii*. .,.,
.rrl$,'
Vocabulary
Recording
newwords
One effectiveway of recordingkey words used in
technology is to groupthem into word sets.Studythe
example of how to groupwords relatedto
biotechnology.
Work in pairs.Make word setsfor each of the branches
oftechnologyínReading.
Another way to remember key words in technology Ís
to make word cards.Studythe example of a word card.
E]
Information technology
Keyword
MLA^or/4
Partofspeech
noun (uncountablo)
Sample
sentence
Tra
nslation
Pron
unciation
/'memerr/
Wordsoftenusedwith
the keyword
l4e,uor4is used lor chip, slot, carJ,
proqraMs and data randomaccLss
Design your own word cardsto help you remember
your technical vocabulary.Make word cardsfor six of
the wordsyou listedin l. Usea goodEnglish-Engiish
dictionary such as Oxford Wordpower,tohelp you.
L<?LriA^Ln+
(Jd resear'
ilIAJOITIIAOI(AI'|)ICIT
El World'sta
Ilestbridge
opens
-l
Sunlight
willpowcrspacecrafl
8 Naruwqs to make shoes
a biotechnology
b defence
c crime
d informationtechnology
e manufacturing
f civil engineering
g telecommunications
h i r r n < n n r t

9. 8 Unitl
;'gt''t'z-'
v/
Gadget box
A smoke
detector
isasafety
device
todetect
smoke
intheair.
Therearetwotypest
anopticaldetectorwhich
operates
when
smokedisturbs
a beamoflight,and
anionizationdetectorwhich
operates
whenverysmallparticles
ofsmoke
interrupt
an
electric
current.
Where
isthebestplace
to putasmoke
detector
ina house?
AB5 (n)AntilockBraking
System
Vocabulary
Wordgroups
Sometechnical words look similarto eachotherbut are
used in different ways, for example, mechanic and
mechanics.One way to remember thesewords and the
differences between them is to put them into groups.
Mechanicbelongs to a group containing people and
jobs.MechanÍcsbelongs to a group of subjects.You can
think of your or,rm
groups to help you remember other
technicalterms.
Put the list of common technical words Íntogroups
usingthe table below.
Pronunciation
Wordstress
Q tisten to the technical words and mark the stressed
part of each word.
EXAMPLEs 9nline engineer
1 machine 5 mechanical
2 machinery 6 technical
3 mechanÍcs 7 technician
4 mechanic 8 technology
Pairwork
Workin pairs,AandB.Eachofyouhasinformation
aboutoneofthelaunchsystemsin thepictures.
Exchangeinformationwith yourpartnerby asking
andanswering
questions
andcomplete
thetable.
Student
A Gotop.110.
StudentB
Student
As Student
B's
launch
system launch
system
Ariane5 Proton
M
Country Russia
Firstlaunched 1965
53m
Diameter 7.4m
Engines
Payload
CTO
(geostationary
transfer
orbit)
6,000
kg
Mass 456,400kg
9 electron
10 electronics
11 electrical
12 electrician
mechanÍcaI mechanism
electronics
technician
electrician
€n€in€€rin€
mechanic
electron
technical
electricity
engin€
mechanics
electronic
technology
electrical
€nsin€€Í
Subjects Peopleand
jobs
Things Adjectives
en9tneenng engtneer en9tne engineering Height
Lift-off
thrust 1,745
kN

10. Technology
andsociety 9
Proiect:
classsurvey
Studythe lÍstof the ten most important technologÍcal
innovations of the past 60 years.Work in groups,and
orderthem 1to 10(1=most important,10=Ieast
important).Then askyour teacher,and comparewith
resultsfrom a recentsurvev in the UK.
Innovation Order
ABS brakes
AÍrbags
Creditcards
Digital camera
DNAtesting
Lasereye surgery
Long.lÍfe,
Iow-energylight bulbs
Microwave oven
Mobile phone
Smokedetector
Find out from other studentswhat they considerthe
most important technologicalinnovations in their
lÍves.
Make a list of the ten most important for your
class.
Webquest
Find out the year ofintroduction for eachofthe
innovations in the Project:classsurvey.Compare
answerswith other studentsÍnyour class.
ExAMPLE Smokedetector 1969
Thesesearchengines and this sitemay help:
www.gooole.com
www.askjeeves.co.
uk
www.wikipedia.oro
Checklist
Assess
yourprogress
inthis unit.
Tick(/)the statements
whicharetrue.
Icantalkaboutthe positive
and negative
effectsoftechnology
lcan makecomparisons
withadjectives
andadverbs
Iknowthreewaysfor recording
and
remembering
newwords
Iknowhowto stresscommonterms
intechnology
My reading
andlistening
aregood
enoughto understand
mostofeachtext
inthisunit
Keywords
Adjective
realistic
Nouns
exploration
globalwarming
innovation
missile
pollution
powerstation
rocket
satellitereceiver
smokedetector
take-off
thrust
Verbs
affect
download
hack
Notehereanything
abouthowEnglish
isused
intechnologythat
isnewtoyou.

11. l0 Unit2
Switchon
1 Studythe descriptionof the courseof AIec
Hammond, a technology studentfrom Scotland,
and answer the questions.
1 How long doesthe courselast?
2 What jobs can he do afterhe completesthis
course?
3 Can he study a foreign language?
Civil engineering,HND
. Fluidmechanics
. Geotechnics
Ideal for sttLdenls
who want tofollow a citrL'(;t'ut
Ctvil enginex'ring.
Duration:
Tro years full-time, starting in September
Overview:
The construction industry needs well{rained and qualified managers, technologists, and
technicians. This course is designed to teach you the sl<rlls
necessary for a managerial role in
this industryYou will learn the latest construction practices and be given the opportunity to
specíalize in one area'
Course content
Youstudycore unitsin;
. CAD
. CommunÍcattons
. Constructionmanagement . IT
. Constructrontechnology . Maths
. Constructionsurveyng . Mecharucsand
. Civil engnneerurg
materials structure
. Drawing and design
Youcan takeadditionalunitsin;
. Advanced structuraldesign
. Advanced surveying
. Highway engineerurg
. Qualityassurance
. a foreignlanguage
What can I do next?
On successful completion of the course, you may progress to a range of degree-level courses
Some studentsprogress to employment as Clvil engnneeringtechnicians /technologrsts

12. Inwhich of the coreunits will thesetopicsbe covered?
1 thepropertiesofconcrete
2 computer applicatÍonsoftware
3 forceson a structure
4 calculus
5 report vwiting
Listening
Thecourse
LookatAlec'stimetable below.Someof the
information is missing.Beforeyou listen,answerthe
questionsaboutthe timetable.
1 What time do classesstart eachday?
2 Which room is Maths in?
3 Who teachesCalculus?
4 What do studentsdo on Tuesdaysand ThursdaysT
f) tisten to part 1of the interview.Answer the
questions.
1 Which stageof the courseÍsA]ecat7
2 How many women aretaking the course?
3 What agewas hewhenheleft school?
4 Which subjectdid he enjoymost at school?
5 What iob did he dowhen he left schoolT
Studyingtechnology
1l
ln thisunit
o listening
fordetail
O Present
Simplev Present
Continuous
o keytermsfor differentbranchesof technology
o strongandweakformsof auxiliaryverbs
Work in pairs.Ask and answer the questions.
1 What choicedo studentshave if they successfully
completethe course?
2 Isthis coursesimilar to engineering coursesin your
country?
3 Wouldvouliketofollowthis course?
Q tisten to part 2of the interview.Fill gaps1-8in the
timetable.
Q Here are the interviewer's questions from part 3of
the interview.Predicthow AIecanswersthem.Then
listen to part 3and checkyour answers.
1 What do you hope to do atthe end of your course?
2 Whatkind of degreewillyoutake?
3 HowlongwillittakeT
4 When you start work as a civil engineer, what do
you want to build - houses,or big structureslike
bridgesand roads?
Write your own timetable in English, including the
following information :
* coursetitle
r lessontimes
* subjects
. names of teachers
. self-studytime andfreeperiods
Civil engineering, Semester 2
09.00-lL00 .l5-12.l5 3.15-14.
l5 4.30-16.30
Mon
3,r
H.Lomax
Maths
4,5
B'Daüs
2
G2
WeiMing
Civil engineering
MaterialsLabs 4.4
D.Cowan
Ttre S E L F - S T U D Y
llVed Calculus
4.2
B.Davis
3
4.5
J,Bell
4.5
J.Bell
FREE
Íhur
Fri
c.I
C4
T) Cowan
.T'DY
T) (lowa D.Cowan
Doyle

13. 12 Unit2
18%
ofengineering
students
on unrversrty
courses
In
the U5Ain 2004were
female
. Language
spot
PresentSimplev PresentContinuous
o Study these examples from the interview. rt/hy
is the
PresentContinuous usedfor sentencesl-4 and Present
Simple for sentences5-8?
1 You'redoing an HND in CivilEngineeri.ng.
2 What'sthe companyworking on?
3 They'returning an old ffice building into a
nÍght
club..,
4 I'm doing a projecton a newbridge...
5 I haveclasses
threedaysaweek...
6 I really enjoy it.
7 I likethe mathsand physicssideof it ...
8 I want to go on to do thedegree.
r We usethe PresentContinuous for things that are
happening now and for a limited period around now:
I'm studying CiviIEngineering.
r We use the Present Simple for things which are
always true:
Copperconducts electricity.
for repeatedactions,habits,and events:
Wefinish early on Wednesdays.
with verbs that describe thinking and feeling:
I like calculus.
)) Goto GtammarteÍerence p.115
t Put the verb in the sentencesin the correcttense.
PresentSimple or PresentContinuous.
1 Ms Davis - (teach)Maths.
2 Classes- (start)at nine o'clock.
3 AIec- (take)an HND course.
4
5
6
He - (study)at Telford College this year
On Tuesdays,he - (study)in the library.
He - (want)to be a CÍvilEngÍneer.
He - (work)on a projectabout a new
bridge.
A lot of local people- (not/ Iike)the
proposal.
A
7
ó
9
10
11
T2
13
74
9 They- (think) it will increase the amount
of trafficneartheir homes.
10 The old bridge- (carry)ten times the
traffic Ítwas designed to carry.
2 Answerthese questions about yourself with complete
sentences.Usethe timetable you wrote in 5 on p.11
to
help.
1 What are you studying?
2 Where are you studying?
3 Howlongisyourcourse?
4 Isit part-time or full-time?
5 What qualification do you get when you complete
the courseT
What arethe main subjects?
Which subject do you find most dÍfficult?
Why do you find ÍtdÍfficult?
Which subjectdoyou enjoymost?
How many classesdoyou have eachweek?
When do your classesstarteach day?
When dothey finish?
Do you have any self-study time?
What do you hope to do when you finish your
course?
Askthesamequestions
toyourpartner.
Usingyouranswers
to2,complete
thegapsin this
description.
I'mstudying at 'z.It's
a
.WhenIcompletethe
course,I
will geta e.
Themain subjectsare 6.ThesubjectIfind
mostdifficult is ' .Ifind it difficult because
.8
.The subject Ienjoy most is
Ihave ! classeseachweek. Classesstart
each day at -'1 and finish at -'2 .I
3
4
WhenIfinish my course,
Ihopeto

14. Pronunciation
Strong
andweakforms
ofauxiliaryverbs
Auxiliaryverbshavestrongandweakforms.
Q Listentotheexamples.
Does
AIeclikeMaths? Yes,
hed.oes.
Ishein hisfirstyear? Yes,
heis.
WeusethestrongformwhentheauxiliaryverbÍs
stressed,
asin theshortanswersin theexamples.
The
weakformis usedwhentheauxiliaryis notstressed.
Thisisusuallyin Yes,/No
questions.
Answertheouestions
aboutAlec.
l Ishestudyingtobeanengineer?
Yes,he
Ís.
2 Arethereanywomeninhis class?
-
3 Doeshiscoursetaketwo
years?
-
4 Can he start a degree after six months?
5 Hashegotacceptance
fromtwouniversitiesT
6
7
Doeshehavetopassallthemodules?
-
Will it takehim fouryearstocompletetheBEng?
8 Hashegotanylabworkonhis course?
Studyingtechnology
l3
Q Now listentothequestionsandanswers.
Underline
thestrongforms.
Workin pairs.Ask andanswerquestionsl-8 about
yourself.Giveextrainformationif possible.
EXAMPLE
A Areyoustudying
tobeanengineer?
B Yes,I
am,I,dlÍke
tobea civilengÍneer.
1 Doyoulikeyourcourse?
2 Arethereanywomeninyourclass?
3 Haveyougotanylabworkonyourcourse?
4 Isthereanyprojectworkonyourcourse?
5 DoesyourcoursetaketwoyearsT
6 DoyouhavetopassallthemodulesT
7 Canyoustartadegreeafteryourcourse?
8 Willyou lookforajobafteryourcourse?
Pairwork
Workin pairs,A andB.Eachofyouhaspartofa
timetableforastudenttakingadiplomain computing
support.
Exchangeinformationwith yourpartnerby
askingandansweringquestions.
Completethetable.
Student
A Gotop.110.
StudentB
Mon
09.00-11.00 11.15-'t3.00 |14.00-15.30
SELF-STUDY
'r5.30-'r6.30
Tues Tutorial Hardware
installation
& maintenance
R]10
Client
operating
systems
Rl02
Wed Computer
operating
systems
R]05
Structured
programming
Thur lTapplications
R]07
Computer
architecture
4104
Free
Fri
R]05
Communication
skills
Free Free

15. 14 Unit2
Problem-solving
I PicturesA-H representdÍfferent
branchesoí
technology.Match each picture to sentencesl-8.
1 Electricalengineering is about generatingand
supplying power.
2 ElectronicengineerÍngis about designing and
making machines that use electricpoweÍ'
3 CivÍlengineering is about designing,building, and
looking after structures.
4 Marine engineering is applying engineering to take
advantageofthe sea.
5 Manufacturing engineering is about making useful
things from raw materials.
6 Mechanical engineering Ísabout designing and
making all the parts of machines that move.That
could mean rocketscienceor bike design- and
everything in between.
7 Chemical engineeringis about usÍngthe processes
which changematerials in a chemical or physical
way.The sciencebehind theseprocesseshelps to
find out the bestway to make the right products.
8 InformatÍon
technology is aboutusing computers
for collecting,storing,and sending information.
2 Work in groupsof three or four.Make a list of asmany
otherbranchesoftechnology asyou can.Try to explain
them in English.
o
l /
jt
. t {
t r -
l-r
tr

16. Studyingtechnology
l5
Webquest
I Study the course description and complete the table.
Hornbt' Oollcg,c ol-'l'cchnologt'
Fortnc1atitlt-t
l)cgrcc l 5ó3: Corll;rtrtirrg_ Wcb techrrologv
What are the entry reqwirements?
Ar.rA-level qualification, but n,e u,ill consicler other
qualifications inclucling i'tnvn'ork cxpcrict-tcc),ou hirvc. Prior
knorvlcdgc of cor.r.rpr.rtir.rg
crrnbc l.rclpful.
Hov long doesthe courselast?
Three Ycals.
What can I do uith this qwalif.cation?
htthcr snrdy:
You can g()()nto tlke an Honours clcgrccin Oonrptrter
stuclicsat l univcrsitr'.
This nccclsjustonc nrorc ,clr of firll-
tir-r'rc
stuclv.
Oartcr:
This clegrcc givcs r'ou thc chrncc to rr'orkir-r
cornmcrcc,
inclustrl',cutcrtliunre nt, rrnclthc pr.rblicscctor. Tl-re
rc irrcjol'r
o1'rportuniticsin trlclitionrl lrcrrs of cor-r-r1'ruting
irsu'cll asu,e[-r
clcvclopment, r'nakingcligital iurrrgcsfirr rrnir-t'rrtion,
:rncl
colnPuter ganlcs.
College
or University
Cou
rse
Entry
qualifications
Length
Career
prospects
Workin groups.Searchone of these siteseachfor a
courseyou find interesting.Note the lnformation in a
tablesimilarto that in l.
www.hereford-tech.
ac.uk
www.d
udlevcol.
ac.uk
www.
uts.edu.au
www.ttu.
edu
www.
unitec.ac.
nz
Shareyour ínformationand try to agreeon the best
course.Then explain your choiceto the othergroups.
Checklist
Assess
yourprogress
inthis unit.
Tick(/) the statements
whicharetrue.
Iknowkeytermsfordifferentbranches
oftechnology
Iunderstand
thedifference:
Present
Simole
v Present
Continuous
Iunderstand
thedifference:
strongand
weakformsofauxiliary
verbs
My reading
andlistening
aregood
enoughto understand
mostofeachtext
inthisunit
Keywords
Adverb
oversea
s
Nouns
architectu
re
career
construction
cour5e
lab
manufactu
ring
qualification
resea
rch
semester
structu
re
subject
technician
traffic
Verb
prese
nt
Notehereanything
abouthowEnglish
isused
intechnologythat
isnewtoyou.

17. '16
Unitl
Switchon
Lookat productsA-F in pairs.Answerthe questionsfor eachproduct
1 What ls it?
2 Who usesit?
3 What do you think makesthe designgoodor bad?
f ; t
r
.'..}í.
a _
-t
&
t..!

18. Stage
I
Listening
Thedesignprocess
Q Listentoadesignertalkingaboutthedesignprocess.
Complete
themissingstagesby choosingfromthelist.
a choosingasolution
b evaluating
c investigating
d realization
e thedesignbrief
*#*á|F#*
danelopinq altemativesolutions
5tage
7
I
a
*
*
#
#
#
#
#
*
Design17
lnthisunit
O keyterms
indesign
o speaking
andwriting
about
design
requirements
o howtoaskYes
/ NoandInformation
questions
o listening
toandreading
about
designers
describing
theirwork
o using
yoursearch
skills
tofindoutabout
theworkof
famous
designers
Matchthequestionstoeachstagein thedesign
process.
Thereis morethan onequestionfor some
stages.
BXAMPIE
O-gestion Stage
Isitsafe? 6testÍng
a Whatarethemostsuitablematerials?
b Doesitwork?
c Á/hatexactlyisrequired?
d Howwelldoesit matchthebrief?
e Howwilltheproductlook?
f Isthisthebestdesign?
g How manywaysarethereto solvethis problem?
h How canwemakeaprototype?
i Canit beimprovedT
o LanguaBe
spot
Question
types
o Yes
/No andinformationquestions
WhenwewanttheanswerYesorNo,we askquestions
likethese:
Doesitwork?
IsÍt
safe?
r Forspecificinformation,we askquestionslikethese:
HowwiIItheproductlook?
IAIhat
materialsareavailable?
c Yes
/No questions
startwith an auxiliaryverb(can,
do,has,is,
wÍll,
etc.)
whichisfollowedbythe subject:
Dídyou testÍt?
o Informationquestionsstartwith a Wh-question
word(what,
where,
when,which,who,why,
orwith how,
howmuch,howmany,howlong,etc.).
Notetheauxiliary
verbandthewordorderwhenthequestionwordis the
object:
Whatdoes
hedesign?
)) GotoGramrnarreÍerence
p.116
i
a
*
Stage
3
5tage
4
5tage
5
Stage
6
f ' -
I
*
I
I
*
testing

19. 18 Unit3
1 Make the statements into Yes/ No ouestions
1 It'ssafe.
2 Itworks well.
3 You can mould some plasticseasily.
4 Shemade a model.
5 Hehas desÍgned
alot of products.
6 You design sportsequipment.
7 The materials are available.
8 He built a prototype.
9 They've drawn a lot of sketches.
10 Shethinks nylon is the bestchoice.
2 Ask information questÍons
to getthe answers.
1 Where
Sheworks ÍnLondon
2 When
Shemovedthere in 2006.
3 What
Shedesigns mobile phones.
4 Who
Iwork with a team.
5 Which material
Custome]CaÍe
Usingnon-specialist
!anguage
A computer specialistis trying to advisea non-
specialistaboutwhich monitor to buy.Which parts of
his explanation might be difficult for a non-specialist
to understandT
ííThemonitor is an important part of the human
interface with the computer. Iadvise this TFTXGA
l9-inch flat panel.This model has 1024by 768pixels
soyou get a high-resolutiondÍsplay.''
Comparethis version.Has the specialistmissed out
anything importantT
ííWhenyou work on a computer,the monitor is very
important.It has to be the right sizeand giveyou a
clear picture so it's comfortable to work with. The
screensizeis measureddiagonally from one corner
to another.You needat leasta 19-inchscreen.The
picture Íscomposedof tiny picture elementsor
'pixels'.
The more pixels you have,the sharper the
dÍsplay'This model has a high number of pixels so
you'll get avery gooddisplay.tt
Work in pairs.Preparean explanation for a non-
specialistof one ofthese topics or on a topic in your
own field.Thentry your explanationwith a new
partner.
,* how a dieselengineworks
r how a semiconductorworks
t' how GPSworks
' how a nuclear power station works
)
't
?
?
Weu
why
Beca
How
This
How
9 How
seplastic
useÍt's
easytomould.
?
?2
?
?
?
t
model weighs 120grammes.
Itcosts€400.
Ithasmorethantwentvfunctions.
10 Where
Youcanbuyit anywhere.

20. You
seethingsandyousay'Why?'.
Buta designer
dreams
things
thatnever
wereandsays'Why
not?'
George
Bernard
ShawadaptedbyDickPowell
It'smyjob
Studythe requirementsin the designbrieffor
KennethBlake,a FurnltureDesigner.
Thenmatch
eachrequlrementto the correctreason.
Product:garden chair
Requirement
1 lightwelght
7 s f r n n o
- - " ' " o
3 stackable
5
6
7
8
availablein a range
ofcolours
durable
comfortable
easytomass-produce
se]ls
for]essthan €20
Reason
a storeseasilyin
wrnter
b spendsmostof
the time outside
c supportsheavy
adults
d keeps
manufacturing
costslow
p e c r r t n l i f f
competeswith
rÍva]s
looksattractive
encourages
peopleto useit
f
n
ReadaboutKenneth.Comoletesentences
i-6 with
wordsfrom the text.
1 Plasticis veryhard-wearing- it's-.
2 A companywhich competeswith yoursis a
3
4
A - helpsto makea structurestronger
Kenneth- hÍsdesignsfirst and then
makesfinisheddrawings.
Youcan make hundreds of plastic chairsfrom one
KennethBlake:
FurnitureDesÍgner
Idecidedto usepiastic becauseit's durable.You can
make it in a lot of coloursand it'seasyto mass-produce
plasticitems.
Iwent to the local gardencentreto examine the chairs
othercompaniesmade,the rival products,and to find
out their cost- about €20. Ibought three different
models.Iwanted a chair without arms soIcut the arms
off one.This made the backtoo weak soIaddedvertical
supportsto make the back stronger.
Isketchedmy designson paper,and from these I
producedtechnical drawings with all the dimensions.I
made a full-scalemodel to
make surethe chair looked
goodand was comfortable.
Then Itransferredmy
drawings to a 3-Dcomputer
modelling program,and sent
a copy by fiie transferto the
moulding company.
They made a
mould and sent
me a prototype
chair.Iadded
more supportsto
the backand the
chairwas readyto
Write questionsto askKennethabouthis design.The
answersshouldbe ln the text above.
E X A M P L E S
Whydidyou go to thegardencentre?
How muchdogardenchairscost?
Didyou makea model?
Now practiseyour questionsin pairs.Taketurns to ask
and answer.
e
f
h
' -'---
i'L, 'D(llt
,-nlll
. w t { { .
6 A - is a modelwhich is readyfortesting.

21. 2O Unit3
Gadgetbox
This
wall-mounted
CDplayer
wasdesigned
byJapanese
designer
Naoto
Fukasawa
justforfunin1999.
Nowitis
oneofthetopselling
products
atMuji.
Whydoyou
think
thisdesign
issosuccessful?
Listening
Workingwith design
t You are going to hear three peopletalking abouttheir
work with design. Before you listen, find out how each
of the words in the diagram below relatesto design.
Usethe Glossaryon p.131to
help.
Q Now listen and note the answersto the questions.
A Karl
1 What doeshe design?
2 What two things does he think about when he's
designing?
3 Whatdoeshestartwith?
B Martin
4 What doeshe design?
5 What two things doeshe haveto balance?
6 Whatdoeshestartwith?
C Hilary
7 What doesshedo?
8 Whattwo groupsdoessheworkwith?
9 What doesshehavetoworkout?
Work in pairs.Write down as much asyou can of what
Karl says.Help eachotherto make a completeand
accurateverslon.Then comparewith the Llstening
scripton p.125.
Problem-solving
1 Work in small groups.Lookat the desÍgns
for chaÍrs
which areusedin a room intended both for lectures
and for Índoorsports.List the advantages and
disadvantagesof eachmodel.
Usefullanguage
It'stooheavy. Itlooks comfortable.
It'snot strong enough. Youcan stackit.It'sstackable.
2 Inyour groups,design a chairfor usein classroomsin
your schoolor college.Sketchyour solution and present
it to the c]ass.
Decidewhich chaÍris the most suitable.
OTSIGN

22. Design 21
Pairwork
I Workin pairs,A and B.Eachof you has information
aboutone designer.Completethe table below for your
designerand exchangeinformation with your partner
by askingand answeringquestions.
StudentA Goto p.110.
Checklist
Assess
yourprogress
inthisunit.
Tick(/)thestatements
whicharetrue.
Iknowkeytermsforthe mainstages
inthedesignprocess
lcanaskYes
/ NoandInformation
questions
accurately
lcanexplain
usingnon-specialist
language
My reading
andlistening
aregood
enoughto understand
mostofeachtext
inthisunit
Keywords
Adjectives
rivaI
vertical
Nouns
brief
costr
n8s
function
manufacturer
model
mould
product
prototype
supporr
Verbs
evaIuate
investigate
mass-prod
uce
sketch
Notehereanything
abouthowEnglish
isused
intechnologythat
isnewtoyou.
Student
As
designer
StudentB's
designer
Name
Dates
Nationa
lity
Famous
for
design
ing
StudentB
FerdinandPorsche(1875-1951).
Austriancardesigner
who contributedto the designof the first Volkswagen
andthe Auto Union racing cars.
2 ln your pairs,find out the same information about
thesedesigners
Thesesitesmay help you:
www.tinyurl.
com/qat7n
www.wikipedia.org

23. í
22 Unit4
Switchon
Look at the picture of a mountain bike and its rider.
Match the items of the rider's clothing and the bike
componentsto the materials in the table.
Bikecomponents Materials Reason
rubber goodgrip
brake cables
helmet
frame
nms
saddle
shoesoles
s}€{ts
tyresandpedals
wheelbearings
braided
steel verystrong
hard
Reason
aluminium
alloy light,
strong
Rider's
clothing Material
shorts titanium lighter
and
stronger
than steel,
highlycorrosion-
resista
nt
Kevlar
andnylon aerodynamic
wear-resista
nt
rubber goodgrip
polystyreneand
strong,
polycarbonatelightweight-
250
grammes
nylon light,
flexible

24. Technology
insport 23
lnthisunit
o keytermsforengineering
materials
usedinsports
equipment
andtheirproperties
a usedto,usedfor,madeof,madefrom
o speaking
andwritingaboutmaterials
o howto usecorrect
intonation
forouestions
Completethe tablewith the advantages
and
disadvantages
ofthe materialsmentionedby Pedro
It'smyjob
I Whatdoyou think arethe most important factorsin
choosingmaterÍa]s
for a blke?ReadabcrutPedro
Fernandez,
a BikeMaker,and checkyouÍanSWerS.
PedroFernandez:
BikeMaker
WhenIchoosea material for a bike frame,Ihaveto
think aboutthe propertiesofthe material.How elastic
Ís
it?Ifyou bend or stretchit,wiIIit gobackto its
originalshape?Ifit does,it has high elasticity.How
strongis it? Therearetwo kinds of strength.Thefirst is
how much forceyou needto bend it to a point where it
can'tgobackto its original shape.The secondis the
amountofforce you needto break it.
Steelis the leastexpensivechoice.There'sa wide range
ofstandardgaugetubes available.It'sstrongand it has
goodelasticitybut it'sheavy.
Aluminium is lÍghtand strongbut it,sflexible.The
moreit bends,the quickerÍtbreaks.Soaluminium bike
framesuselarge diametertubes.Thatlimits the
amountof bending.
Titanium has a greatstrength.to.weightratÍo.
It,sgot
goodelasticitysowhen it bends it tendsto return to its
originalshape.It'scorrosÍon.resistant
soyou don,t
needto paint it.But it'sexpensive
- frfteentimes the priceof steel!
The professÍonals
use carbon
fibre.It'svery light and it'svery
strong.Youcan shapeit any way
vou like.But carbon-fibre
frames arehand-made
sothey'revery
expensive.
Material
steel
a l u m i n i u m
titanium
carbon
fibre
Advantages Disadvantages
o Languagespot
usedto,usedÍor,made of,madefrom
Studytheways of describinghow materialsareused:
Steelis usedto makethebearÍngs.
Titani'um
ísusedformaking theframe.
Thewheels
are madeof alumi.ni.um
alloy.
A bikeis madefrom many d{ferent materÍals.
We can adda reasonto explainthe choiceof
material:
Steelis usedto makethe bearingsbecauseit is hard.
D Go to Grammar reference p.117
I Correctthe errorsin thesesentences.
1 Rubberis usedfor makethe tyres.
2 Theframe is made titanium.
3 Kevlaris usedto making the rider'sclothing.
4 Becauselt ls verystrong,braidedsteeiis usedto
brakecables.
5 CarbonfibreÍsusedmakeracingbikeframes.
6 Steelis madeiron and carbon.
2 Explain the choiceof materials for each of the items in
the table ono.22.

25. F
24 Unit4
3 Identify the maln material in items of sports
equipment 1-10.
Tick (/)the material used.More than
one answer is possibleln some cases.
fibre-glass
a l u m i n i u m
plastic
laminates
nylon
1 baseball
bat
-
-L-
a l u m i n i u m
2 football 7 iceskates
nylon
polyurethane highcarbonsteel
fibre-glass wood
leather
3 vaulting
pole 8 crashhelmet
nyron Kevlar
Kevlar titanium
fibre-glass plastic
4skpoles bobsleigh
a l u m i n i u m steel
graphite pvc
carbon-fibre a l u m i n i u m
hangglider
graphitecomposites aluminium
and
polyester
nylon
woodand nylon
wood
woodandacrylic

26. Tcchnology
insport 25
Thanks
to thelarge
multi-component
coreanda cover
madeof a soft,
thin,high-performa
nceurethane,
golfers
aredrivirrgover20yardsfurtheronaverage.
Golf balladvertisement
Pronunciation
Intonation
forquestions
Information
oru,h-questions
beginwith a question
w ord who,what,where,when,how.Your rroicegoes
down on the last important word in an information
question.
I f) t.isten
to the examples.
(,
Whereareyou front?
o
Whatdoyou study?
Ycs
/ No qucstionsex1;r:cL
ihc ansnrerYesorl/o fhey
don'tcontain questions."rrords.
Yourrroicegoesup on
thelastirnportantword inYes/ No questions.
2 f) Iistcntotlrcexarnplcs
o
Areyou Ilttlk.ut?
o
Doyou sltc
tk L't'tglish?
3 Q Listr:ntothe
shortiliak-.'grre
andmarkthc
intcnatioir.
A l/h;rt
rn'rtr'ri'rls
dorvcrrscforskipolesT
B A|irlriniun-r
or caLt'oufibre,I think,What are
footballsmadeof?
A I'n-i
rrotsiirc 1sit lcathcr?
B Ycs,I'itr
r-l.r
taín'Vy'hat,s
ttsclltomakebobslcÍghs?
Arc.rk
íirpitirs'A sk qttcstiotrs
to checkyour ansrverstt.l
Languaqe
spot3.Usethe correctintonation
3
7
ö
Vocabulary
Describing
materials
1 Studythe wordsusedto describematcr"ials.
Fill the
gaps.Most of the words havebeen usedln this unit.
Adjective
7 elastic elasticity
plasticity
strong
corrosion
-res
istance
5
6
wear-resista
nt
brittle
tough
hardness
flexibility
Checkthe meaning of any utrfamÍiiarwords irsingthe
Glossaryon p.i31.Then fili the gapsin sentences1-8
with the correctr,vord
from the table.
1 Fibre-glass
is usedforvaultingpolcsbecauseit's
Iightand - .Itbends very easily.
2 Youdon't needto uaint titanium becauseit's
3 Bikebearinpsarentadt-.
from stec]ber:artse
Ít's
8
A materialwhich rcturnsto its originalshapewhen
you bendit hashigh --.
Rubberis very --- .You can stretchit
without breaking it.
Diamonclis an incredlbiy substance.
As
well asjer,rrcllery,
it |ssometirnesuseclfor drilling.
Glassis very- .lt breakseasily.
Kevlardoesn'twear out easiiv.
It's-.

27. 26 Unit4
Gadgetbox
Adidas
1trainers
contain
a microcomputer,
a battery,
andatiny
motor
inthesole.The
trainer
senses
thesurface
you're
run
ning
onandadjuststhe
amount
ofsupport
provided.
ltalsotakes
intoaccount
theweathel
theweight
oftheathlete,
andthe
intensity
ofthesporting
activity.The
battery
lasts
for100hours.
Whatelse
could
youdotoimprove
thetrainers?
Speaking
Skateboardv snowboard
Workin pairs,A andB.Eachofyouhasadiagramofa
pieceofsportsequipment.
Withthehelpofyour
partnerwho hasinformationaboutyourequipment,
labelyourdiagram,
andcomplete
thetablebelow.
Give
reasons
forthechoiceofmaterialwherepossible.
StudentA Gotop.110.
StudentB
Snowboard
PartI Materials
Component used
Skateboard
Thebodyofa skateboard
is calleda deck.Plywoodisthe
mostcommondeckmaterialusedbecause
it'slight but
strong.
Thefrontofthe boardis calledthenoseandthe
backis calledthetail.Thenoseandtail aretiltedup ata
twentydegreeangle.Thesehelptheskateboarder
performtricks.
Fixedtothedeckaretwo metalalloytruckswhich
connecttothewheels.Sometruckalloyscontain
titaniumforstrength.
Thetoppartofthetruckis called
thebaseplate.
It'sscrewedtothedeck.Thebottompart
is calledthehanger.
It'sfixedtothewheels,which are
madeofpo$urethane.Thehardnessofthewheels
varies.Veryhardwheelsaregoodforperformancebut
notforroughsurfaces.
Betweenthebaseplateandthe
hangerarebushingswhich providethespring
mechanismforturningtheboard.
Listening
Excha
nginginformation
O Listen to this extract from a conversation between
two students.Then changerolesand repeatthe activity
inSpeakÍng.
f) tisten again to the secondpart of the conversation
and completethe questions.
1 Isit-fibre-glass?
2 ReallyT- ?
3
4
5
OK.Isit the same- ?
What's - ?
Right.Importanton snow What -the
edge?- made of.
p-tex as well?
- it turns and doestrÍcks?
OK.Oh,and these straps- - made of
nylon?
6

28. CustomeÍ
Ca]e
MakingÍecom
mendations
A student of materials science is advising his friend
how to choosethe right skateboarddeck.His friend is a
new skateboarder,
and quite shortand light.Studythe
expressionshe usesto make recommendations.
u I'dgofor awooden deck- wood is more responsive
than plastic or a composite.tt
.íIfyou,regoing to useit mainly on the street,/,d
recommenda shortboardand not too wide so
you'll havemore control.Yourbestbetís
something a little lessthan twenty centimetres.tt
ííTheshapeis important.Fora new skater,I,d
advise
somethÍngshallow - not too deep.''
Workln pairs.Make recommendations aboutthe
skateboardwheels using this information.
Size Usedfor
52-55mm Street,skateparks.Shorterandlighter
rÍders.
56-60mm Manyuses.
Street,
skateparks,
ramps.
Tallerandheavierriders. .
60+mm Specialityrides.Longboards,dirt boards,
hills.
Hardness Usedfor
87A Veryroughsurfaces,
longboards,
hills.
Hard and durable.Street,rough surfaces.
Street,skateparks.Smooth surfaces.
Technology
in sport 27
Checklist
Assessyour progressin this unit.
Tick(/) the statementswhich aretrue.
Iknowthewordsforthe main
materials
usedinsports
technology
Icandescribe
whatsomething
is
madeof
Icanspeak
andwriteaboutthe
properties
of materia
ls
My reading
andlistening
aregood
enoughto understand
mostofeachtext
inthisunit
Keywords
Adjectives
aerodynamic
flexible
Nouns
alloy
bearings
composites
corrosion
laminate
performance
plywood
property
pvc
ratio
wear
Verbs
stretch
vary
Notehereanything
abouthowEnglish
isused
intechnologythat
isnewtoyou.
974
1004 Veryhard.TopprofessÍonals
only.

29. 28 Unit5
Switchon
1 Work in pairs.Lookat the mechanism and answcr
the questions.
i What is it?
2 What doesit do?
3 Howdoes it work?
4 In whÍchparts of the world is it used?
5 What's it made from?
2 f) Irtowhsten to the cxplanatlon by an
Agricuitural EngÍneer,
and checkyortransr,vcrs.
Reading
Theinventor
1 Work in pairs.What do you know abolrtthe Ínvcntorof
the.clockworkradÍo,?
Readthe first paragraph of the
text and checkyour answers.
2 Readthe restof the text and match parts a--eto the
numbered componentson the diagram.
a winding hanclle
b steelspring
c generator
d gears
e pulley
3 Scanthc tcxt What do thc following nuinbr:rsand
quantitÍcsrefelr
to?
a morcthantwomiilion
D b ( ,
c 3 V
d 30ininr"rtcs
c 199i
f 3 0 m A
4 Conqrletcthc si:ntence,s
usin6;information from
the text.
1 As you turn thc hartdleon thc sirlcof thc radio,
2 Wh,:'n
thc springtinwirLCs,
3 As thc gcncratortur]rs,----
Thc springhascnoughlrovrcLtorun thc radiofor 30
míntttes
bcforc
5 Tire'elcctricshoe'chargesbatlcriesas
---.

30. lnthisunit
O , l r ' , ' 1
, ; ir . ' i ,
O h c , n rt l , r tj e i i ,i l
l lrirl.
O l . i ; ) t t r , . l t ' : i
r ;
O l i ! t r l l i l i j r r ' . : l i ,
í|
. i l ' i l : r l ,
l 1 - ) .
l i r r , i r , t . :
l ' i , r r
l i ' , i r t 1 r l
, r i L i r
Theclockrruork
raclii'r
I'rc,,rcr
Il,i,'iil;
Il;:rtt
in,ir'Ittot.
ILt
1991,
helicat,ialror
rttlie
problcrn
ofbringinghealth
inform;.riiou
tcrpcopl' jn
nrral Afiir:a.Radiowe:ithc:
bestrvaybutpeoplelriri nrr
electricitl'and cor.rldn't
liay
forexpcnsirrc
battr.'rii::1.
Soh
invcntcd a rarliotnrhich
docsn'l necd nrains powr r or batterics.Instcad,it
consistsof a spring, gears' alld a smalI [j(]Ilír]Iat()Í-
Sohow dol:s his rllo.'k l^rrlili
r-;t
d io act'r
tl.i]l),
Íttttr:1
iI.l.l A ll
yorrtrrrnthc handle on thc sidc trftlrc t.ad
io.yrnt
t rn'
ittil
up a sprlng.it's thc sautekind of str:.'l
s1rt
ltttlri:.,'r:l
irLr' '
saÍetybelts' It ti-rkes
60 trtrrrsto wirrd tr1l
thc ;piirr;
fully.
Whenthc springst, t rt;iot iirrriittd .
Ih r:
5;'ri. i,Irii'il
There are thlce 1:I0sti:p rrpE;ears fit,: l;:i,t;;t,i-'ttp itI'li
is a pr.rllt:y.
Ptillcys ru n n'rorcrlrtictIy'Ih,rrrf,r'ars si)t Lr
i;
i r , i l r , i . , ; 1 r , y
, i , i l t i r r t r ri l r r t I ' . i , ; . r ' , . i l t r '
g ( t n c r i l t ( r r i i l r i r s r ; n . ' I i t n ' i l ;
t t r l I ; l i t .- , .' t i r t i I I i t s , l i
gcnr:tatr:sclcr tricit,.' ;1rrl;ll1p;roi 3i;it ;tlr.-,rit
.lO ntl
Thr: si;ri n1,1t;tsc itottllir l).)I/1i.
i:r(' r ri i r l lti t.rrlirt[or 30
n . t j i ' r t l r . s
b r ' Í . l t . ' ) , r l r r
h l i ' r i :i o r . v i l l r i
t t i | ] ) , lr ' l J
t 1 '
|Á()rcthan trn,omil Iion 1.];liii''.l
".lI i :lli ]i'];1I{.
1ll rtl'l:l,l]
i
overthetn,,orld J'tr:vorJtrr,,li':
lr:r; r I r irtr'.rrt',1;rrt
' c l r : : c t r i c s h o c ' .
l l c l t l t t g r l ;b : r t i . rj ^t r r ' r i ) i r
r r . r l 1 '

31. r-
30 Unit5
Gadgetbox
ProfessorNegroponteof MIT(Massachusetts
InstituteofTechnology)
in the U5A
hasdeveloped
a clockwork
computer
whichwillcostlessthan$100.This
low-cost
laptopisintended
forchildren
inthedeveloping
world.lt uses'open
source'
software
andwillconnect
to Wi-Finetworks.
Hehopesto produce
150millionayear.
Why doesthiscomputeruse'open
source'softwa
reandconnect
to Wi-Finetworks?
o Language
spot
-__-
@b"t
Go to Grammar reference p.117
Link the pairs of actionswith a suitabletime word.
1 Thewind turns the pump blades./ Thepiston
moves up and down.
2 Theblade rotates./ Water is pumped from the well.
3 Baylis invented the clockwork radio./ He invented
the electricshoe.
4 The Internetexisted./ TheWorld Wide Web became
popular.
5 The generatorturns./ Itproduceselectricity.
6 Sheleft college'Shebecamean engÍneer.
7 You apply the brakes./ Thecar slows down.
8 You pressthe accelerator.
/ Thecar speedsup.
Timeclauses
. Toshow actions in quick succession,
we use when:
Action 1 ThesprÍngstartsto unwÍnd.
Action 2 The gearsengage.
Whenthe spring startsto unwind,thegearsengage.
Actionl Youwalk.
Action 2 The electricshoechargesbatteries.
As you walk,the electricshoechargesbatteries.
Toputactionsin sequence,
weusebefore
orafter:
Action1 Theradío
playsfor30 mÍnutes.
ActÍon
2 Youhavetowind it up again.
Theradioplaysfor30minutes
before
you havetowind
itupagain.
2 Choose
suitable
timewordstofillthegapsin the
explanation
ofatwo-stroke
engíne.
Usethediagramto
help.
Thetwo-strokeengine
1youcanuseatwo-strokeengÍne,
you
havetofill thefueltankwith petrolandoil in theright
ratio,usually40:1.
Combustton
stroke
thesparkplugfires,thefuelignites.The
explosionpushesthepistondown.-3 it
movesdown,it compresses
thefuelin thecrankcaseon
theothersideofthepiston. 4thepiston
nearsthebottom,it uncoverstheexhaustport.The
pressurized
fuelinthecrankcase
rushesintothe
cylinder.Thepressurepushesouttheexhaustgas.
5thepistonreaches
thebottom,it
uncoversthefuelintakeport.
Compresston
stroke
6thepistonmovesupthecylinder,it
compresses
thefuel.At thesametime,thefuelvalve
opens
andfreshfuelis
sucked
in.Just ?the
pistonreaches
thetopofthecylinder,
theplugfires
agaÍn
andthecyclerepeats.
Two-stroke
enginesarepowerfulfortheirsizebutthey
producealot ofpollution.Theywearbadlyand
stheyhavebeenusedforsometime,they
produceoÍly
smoke.
!-ew
I
. Toshow actionshappening atthe ,"*e tl*e*,'-
SPARK PLUG
COMBUSTION

32. Problem-solving
The Stirling engine is a simple hot air engine. Look at
the diagram and put the sentences in the correct order
to explainhowitworks.
. . u . . . : i : . . . r 1
Appropriate
technology
3l
Pairwork
I Workin pairs,A andB.Studythis photoofan
appropriate
technology
device.
Discuss
together
what
itmightbe.
()
DISPLACER
PISTON
COOLED CHAMBER
.E'Éff3-t
t.i' t
POWER
PISTON
b
c
Theaircoolsandpressuredropsin thepower
cylinder. -
Thisdisplaces
theairtothehotend. -
Theairheatsup rapidlyandpushesthepower
pistonbackupthecylinder.-
Thismovementrotatestheflywheel,drawÍng
the
displacer
pistontothecoldendofthecylinder.
e Thepowerpistonmovesdownthecylinder. -
f Alhenthe displacer moves to the hot end of the
cylinder,air is displacedto the cold end. -
g This rotates the flywheel and moves the displacer
pistonbacktothe hot end. -
Workin pairs.DecÍde
which factoris the most
important to the successful functioning of the engine.
Canyou explain why?
The amount of heat applied
The size of the flywheel
Thetype of metal which the piston is made of
Thetemperature difference between the ends of the
displacer cylinder
e The external airtemperature
f Thediameter of the displacercylinder
What modern applicatÍons
canyouthink of forthe
Stirling engine?
Eachofyou has a diagram ofthe device.Exchange
information with your partner by asking and
answering questions. Label all the components.
StudentA Go to p.111.
StudentB Go to p.113.
f) Togetherdecidehow the deviceoperates.Then
compare your explanation with the recording.
Speaking
Studythesestatements
aboutappropriatetechnology.
Tick(/)the onesyouagree
with andcross(X)those
you
dÍsagree
with.
1 Appropriate
technology
is onlyforpoorcountries.
2 Technology
studentsshouldinventandmake
appropriate
technology
devices.
-
3 StudyÍng
appropriatetechnologyis awasteoftime.
4 Appropriatetechnologyis out-of-date
technology.
Now compareyouranswerswith yourpartner.DÍscuss
thestatements
youdisagreeabout.
Usefullanguage
Whydoyou thinkthat..,? In myopÍnÍon,
approprÍate
technology...
Don'tyou thinkthat''.? My víew
isthat'..
?,,
l l
((
:i: :1
a
b
d

33. l2 Urrit
5
@
I
plant (n)l.rrge
irrdustrial
trrl,.
lrinery
hite (v)let sorrrebody
use
sonrething
fora shorttime,in
tlturrt
fortr.rvrttent
Pronunciation
Nurnbers
andquantities
I () t<eudoLtli. lrt
t t lt t t t l. tt:i. , t r. l
c1'1. , . r- it it . i,:'s.'l'li,r ttIir; l.r t
atrlclrc. i rr- ll. rr. , v v .
rs .
a 3.742 r' 16 KJ lz i 12V t)('
b 1150lrurr Í 30rrrÁ i 10"
c 250Nlu B OoC l.: 10 " B
d 60 cl-l h
'7')",'"
I 40:l
2 () Listr:n:,rrrl
r"vritr-'Jrr,rvn
t.htrrLrrnber,;
arrdqr-rrntities
ir'ttp.t
tt.s.
a
l.
c
d
) Go to Symbols and characters p.U4
Vocabulary
Describing
rn@tiurr
1 Mutc]r acljectivci l i, v,rrLii
il ll',dii]!]íi1lil:;
l'l:tr!
l.rllvrll[lE
r F.
1 atLticL:r
l,,uv
ir..'
2 clui:klvi,::'
3 litrear
4 oscillatirrg
5 tecipr';r-rtirrg
6 rof:iry
upanddown,
backwards
arrd
forwards
ina straight
line
colunrn ofthe
rtnerto draw

34. CustomeÍ
Ca]e
Explaining
thedifference
betweenproducts
Workínpairs,A an<l
B.
StudentA Goto p.111..
StudentB
Youarea customer at a plant hire cclmpany.
Youwant
to hire a portablegeneratorfor two weeksto provide
powerfor your horne.Youdon't want a noisy machirre
andyou only want to fill the tank oncea day.Itrrust be
easyto use anclprovide sufficientpowerfor your
home.Y<-ru
don,twatrtto pay tnclrethan €40 a day.
Useful language
What'sthe output?
What kÍndoffuel doesit use?
How oftendoI needto.fiIlit up?
IsÍteasyto start?
How noísyis ít?
HowmuchwÍII
it cost?
Appropriatetechnology
33
Checklist
Assess
yourprogress
inthisunit.
Tick(/) the statements
whicharetrue.
Iknowthewordsto describe
movement
ina mechanism
andthe namesforsimple
mechanisms
Icanexplain
howa rnechanism
works
Icanunderstand
andsaynumbers
and
quantities
arcurately
Icanexpleirr
the difference
between
products
My reading
andlistening
aregood
enougfr
to understand
mostofeachtext
irr
thisunit
Keywords
Adjectives
rural
sound-proofed
two-stroke
Nouns
accelerator
compression
crankshaft
domestic
appliance
exhaust
gas
fuel
generare
pulley
Nounandverb
pump
Verbs
charge(batteries)
engage(gears)
wear
Notehereanything
abouthowEnglish
isused
intechnologythat
isnewtoyou.

35. 34 Unit6
Switchon
Lookat the picture of the policeofficer.
Can you name any of the equipment he carries?
I
-
-t
t-r
lfirb
3
q
i*x
Listening
Crime-fi
ghtingequipment
Q Listento a policeofficertalking abouthis
equipment.As you listen,completecolumn A of the
table with all the items he mentions.
(-) tisten again and completecolumn B ofthe table
with the function ofthe Ítems.
A ltem B Function
torch providelight,signal

36. Crime-fighting
andsecurity
35
lnthisunit
o keytermsforcrime-fighting
andsecurity
equipment
o howto describe
thefunctionof equipment
o developing
the skillsoffindingandexchanging
information
o writinga shortreport
Vocabulary
.P|ooÍ,.
re'istant,.tight
Studytheexamples.
aknife-proofvest
i;:::;:r^aknifecan'tpass
oLanguagesPot
Describing
function
o Studythese
examples:
Handcuffs
areusedtorestrain
someone.
Theknife.proof
vestÍs
usedasbodyarmour.
Radios
areused.for
contacting
policeheadquarters.
ThebatonisJorkeeping
people
ata safedistance.
oWecandescribewhatthingsareusedfor,their
function,
in theseways:
usedto+infinitive
used
cs+noun
(used)for
+-ing
)) GotoGrammar referenceP.118
I Matchtheitemsin thefirstcolumnwith theirfunction
inthesecond
column.
a shock-proof
watch
corrosÍon-resistant
steel
anair-tight
seal
a watch which isn't damaged bY
shockor isprotectedfrom shock
steel which isn't damaged by
corrosion
a sealwhichair can'tpass
through
Explain examples1-8inthe same way.
1 a gas-tightseal
2 weatherproofpaint
3 heat-resistantmaterials
4 asoundproofrecordingstudio
5 rustproofcarbodies
6 afoolproofdevice
7 a water-resistant coat
8 awater-tightcontainer
g protectcardsfrom
criminal use
h monitorconvicted
criminals
i headprotection
j signalling devices
l t a s e r s . 1 a h e l P P e o P l e k n o w
exactlYwheretheYare
2 PersonalIdentificatÍon
b incapacitatesuspects
Numbers(PINs)
3 tagging
4 anti-virussoftware
without seriousinjury
c helpprotectair
travellers
d keep people at a safe
distance
5 face-recognitiondevice e protectcomputers
6 helmet f admit onlYthe right
people
7 batons
8 GlobalPositioning
System(GPS)
9 torches
10 luggage X-ray
equipment
Workin pairs.
Taketurnstoaskandanswerquestions
abouttheitemsin l.
EXAMPLB
A Ilhat'sthefunction
oftagging?
B lt,susedtomonitorcrimínals.Illhat
aretasers
for?
A They,
reuse
dtoincapacÍtate
susp
ectswithout
seriousinjury.

37. 2
36 Unit6
Youmustn'tsmileonyourpassport
photograph
asshowingyourteeth
oropen
mouthcanaffectface-recognition
devices.
Also,yournustn't
wearglasses
witlrtinted
lerr
ses.
Pairwork
Work Ínpairs,A and B.Eac}r
of you has a shorttext
abouta critne'figlrtitrg
clevice.'the
titlesofthe texts
are:
StudentA Smartgunrecognizesits owrrer
StudentB Caught- byalamppost
Discusswhat you think the texts miglrt be about.
Usethe picturesoppositeto helpyou.
Readyour own text.Then find out from your partner
this information about his / her device.Ask these
qttestions
and makenotesoftlrealrswers.
1 What is the devicecallecl?
2 Whatdoesitdo?
3 Howdoesitwork?
4 Where is it usecl?
5 How successful
is it?
StudentA Ciotop 111.
Student B
Caught- by alamppost
Cities inthe UK like London,Glasgow,and
Birmingham are fitting a new device to lamp posts in
areas which have a crime problem. It'scalled
Flashcam and has been developed by an American
company, QStar. It consists of a camera with a motion
sensor.Ifit detects a group of people in an area where
there is no reason for them to be,it shouts a warning
at them such as:Stop!Ifyou are engaging in an iIIegaI
activÍt1t,
your photograph will be taken.PIe
ase leave
the area.If people don't move,it goes off with avery
intense flash and a loud shout.Theyhave had a
positive effect in some parts of London in reducing
crime and anti-social behaviour.
3 Now readyour partner'stext anclcheckttre
information.
4 DÍscuss
what you think arethe practicalproblems of
thesetwo devices.Would they work in your country?
What modifications would vou rnake?

38. onlineGonnectionsvi;rLhe
Intefnet
RFconnectionsr";itt:i.'.s.
I
r.tdio
írec1tt.:ttcy
sigri.lis
1!*.:
l.arge
electrortic,<,,:cLr
riLyt.rtl:
orrtlriIlrlsvvh
iLllirre
oJtcí}
stolÍ]Íl.
Al;rrrr
istri11g.-.rt:cl
bya 8.2ivil-lz
:igtrallvhcrr
Llrc
t.rgis
t.rkerrthrough
"rsecrrrity
6nLe
attlteshc.rp
t:ritrini-e.
4
Disdvarrtages
. Expensivi:
aáui'it.ig.'
-Visi[tlccieterrt:rrt
ci,.l-err'.:nL
uisJvaniages
. MLr:,t
tre
rcrnoveri;t
tills
| . : l i I O V ( .
t l r ' r I I
. l;'rg.,.rrt
irtrx1-rt:nsivc . |.xtrl1'115iyt,
)y1.eÍrl
Lc)
instrll
. l)trrícsliclt
r;;
l tlri":Vt:.s
lnaY
rerllo.v(:
thlrry.r
irrtht:
storc
5 Conr-caled
elt:r:tt'c,rtic
!,'(.r.r
iLyt,lgs
-Ad;;;'i.'g.'s -.
óii.lu.'.,i"g"'.
"l.hievt:sln;lVtt,.lt
9...'l . Must be dt:a("tivatÉ:d.lt
tlte:rrt
:lrrc|
5trr:;ttlLe ti||s.
S.r|e.;
l)t{)[j|í.j
n]aV
caLrglrt
rnor('(:a;ily l'oti;t:L
o lrrkL.r1r,'-
r)nLlotltintl
Ihcy [lrc.lk iÍvvrt;r
I1l
ly lt']
ll l(-}V(](l
;-.
tl''islltiil Il-ir'
iterrr
Aclvurrtages Uisclv..rriiagc:
.:,ir.rr1,'|..;lnC|
irIcX|,(]|
I:iiV(, " lrrrlii::;ljil..rÍ.r;rI
ilricv':s t..rri
Advantages
. Noexpensive
wirilrg
.Goodwayto catcir
thieves
inactiorr
Disdvantages
. Notavisible
deterrent
Problem-solving
What'sthe bestter:hnicel
s,;hrtiorL
io tlrr prol-,lcrn
r;{
protectiug
a largest,)rc
lrotnsltoitlilttrs
(ucoplt,
wlro
stealthings frcrrnsho1.r:l)?
Work in srnall ilre,ul.;:';
ulcl
studythe solutions,
therttnakt:
yiitrl,rltui('(
.(rivc
reasolLs
for yor.ir
choice.
CAMERAS IACS
CCTV(closed
circuit
television)
cameras
withwide-
anglelenses.
SignaI
re|ayed
to a ct:tltr.tI
ofÍice
andmonitoredbya
security
guard.
Recorded
onvideotapeseveryday.
Advantages Disdvantages
.Visibledeterrent. .Peopleforgettr-rchrnge
Thieves
knowthey tapes
mayberecorded . lmagetrr"ry
notbevety
. Notveryexpensive cleaf
.Youcaninclude
sonre
dummycaíneras
Digital
CCTVcameras
withonlineconnections.
Recorded
on harddiskwhichcanstoru
several
nrontlrs
of recording.
Advantages
.Canbeviewedfronr
anybroadband
connection
. Notapesto change
3 ConceaIedrÍlicro-cartlc.r;ts
with RFconnection9'

39. 38 Unit6
Gadgetbox
Rotundus
isa spherical
robot,
invented
atthe University
of Uppsalain Sweden,
which
canpatrola siteor buildingtoguardit.lt contains
sensors
suchascameras,
heatand
smokedetectors,
andmicrophones.
ltcansendforsecurityforces,
soundanalarm,
andfollowintruders
oversand,
snow mud,orwater.
However,
itcannotclimbstairs.
Why isRotundus
betterthana low-tech
solutionlikea security
guardora guarddog?
Writing
Shortreportandlinkingwords
Inwriting we often use linking words to make it clear
to the readerhow the ldeas in our writing are
connected.We can use but to link an advantageand a
disadvantage.
EXAMPLE
UseCCTVcamerasand recordontovi.deotapes.This
is
not veryexpensivebutpeopleforget to changethe
tapes.
We can use also use howeverand althoughtolink an
advantageand a dÍsadvantage,
usually atthe startof a
sentence.
EXAMPIE S
UseCCTVcamerasand recordonto vÍdeo
tapes'These
camerasarea visi.ble
deterrentto thieves.
However.the
image may not beveryclear.
UseCCTVcamerasand recordontovideotapes.
Although thesecamerasarea visibledeterrentto
thieves,the ímagemay not beclear'
We can use because,since,
and asto link a
recommendation with a reason.
EXAMPIE S
I adviseyou to tnstalldigÍtalCCTVcamerasbecausethey
are effectiveand notvery expensÍve,
I recommendyou useIargeelectroní.c
securitytags since
theyarea visÍble
deterrentto most thieves.
our adviceisto uselargeelectronicsecurÍty
tagsas they
area visibledeterrentto mostthÍeves.
Nowwrite a shortreport on securityforthe owner of a
large shop.Yourreport should havetwo sections:
1 Listthe advantagesand disadvantagesof each
solution.
2 Recommendthe bestsolution.Give reasonsto
support your choice.
Exchangeyour reportfrom I with another student and
decÍde
if it can be understoodeasily'Mark any places
where the reportis not clearenough.
CustomeÍ
Ga]e
Usinginformal!anguage
I Studythesethreehomesecuritysystems.
Notetheir
advantages
anddisadvantages.
A l
ong ((TV GomeÍo
Connoctgd
to o smoll
monitor,no rocording
Do-it-goursolf
instollotion
E
DigitalCCTV camera,
records
toyourPC
FittedwÍth
motionsensors
whichtrigger
recordingwhen anintruderenters
Professionally
installed
Cost€i'000

40. 2 Workwith a partner.Taketurns to play the rolesof
Salespersonand Customer.
Salesperson
Usethe information in I and selectfrom the phrases
belowto sellthe systemthat bestmeetsthe Customer's
needs.Thefirst row has more formal phrases.The
secondrow of phrasesaremore common in informal,
spokenEnglish.Choosethe languagethat matchesthe
Customer.
Customer
Listento the Salesperson
and askquestions.
Choosethe
home security systemthat bestmeetsyour needs.
Notsatisfactory Satisfactory Morethan
satisfactory
it'sinadequate it'sadequate it'sideal/ perfect
Crime-fighting
andsecurity39
Checklist
Assessyourprogress
in thisunit.
Tick(/) the statements
whicharetrue.
Iknowkeytermsforcrime-fi
ghtingand
security
equipment
Icandescribe
thefunction
ofsecuritv
equipment
lcanwritea shortreoort
My reading
andlistening
aregood
enoughto understand
mostofeachtext
inthisunit
Keywords
Adjectives
low-tech
uniq
ue
Nouns
bodyarmour
CP5
grip
motionsensor
P I N
recogn
ition
security
sensor
shock
tagging
trigger
Verbs
escape
incapacitate
Notehereanything
abouthowEnglish
isused
intechnology
thatisnewtoyou.
itfallsshort/
it'snotupto
thejob
itdoesthejob/ it'sspoton /
itfitsthe bill itticksallthe
ooxes
r;)
r
L : ] Completehomedefencesystem
Wireless,
so easyinstallation
Can be switched
on andoffwitha remotedevice,
so no
codenumbershaveto be remembered
andkeyedin
Will textyoua message
whenyourchildren
gethome
FiveCCTV cameras
activated
ifanintruder
entersyour
home.Systema|sonotiÍles
the security
company
who
advise
the policeimmediately
Will alsodetectsmokeor floodingandnotify
the
emergency
services
Cost€3,600 pIusa monthlymaintenance
chargeof €30

41. Switchon
1 Manufacturing is about changing materials into
prclducts.
Chooseílorrrthe list and cotrip1ete
the t;iblt:
with the nraterialsreuuiredfor prr;rlt
tcLs1-C
alloy
rubber
steel
titaniurn
copper
plastic
wood
alnrniniunr
Materials Processes
2 Now choosefrom the list arrdcontpletethe table with
the proces;ses
itrvoivecl
irrniakingtheseproclur
ts.
t Workin pairsand answerthe questions.
1 What stagesareinvolvt:cl
in nranufacturing bread
on a lergescale?
2 lVhat kind of techriicÍatr
is respotrsiblt:
fclrkeepitrga
plant bakery mnningT
3 What do you think the numbers a-g referto7
b
225kg d 21rninutes f 10,000
3trritrutes e 110tnirtutcs É{
2/to'o00
c 54rrrirrutr,s
2 ( ) I.isten
to Nassr'rAziz,r Mnnufartr-rring
Ilrrgireer,
and cherck
youralrswers.
assembly
bending
bonding
colourprinting
cutting
impactextmsiorr
itrjecti<.rn-t
nc,uiciirLr1
paintittg
plating
weldít.g
!t'smyjob
D Go to pp.56-58for more manufacturing processes

42. f) fisten agairL
and cornplete
the tableto de:scribe
whathappensateeclrstugeirrplentbakerylrreacl
rnakinp.
Manufacturing4l
lnthisunit
O keytertns
forcorrtnron
manufactLtring
processes
O Present
Passive
o writinga shortsequence
o howcompound
nounswork
o usingyourreacling
andsearch
skills
to findout how
conlll1oÍ|
products
aretttade
WhereIrecessaly,
we slrouldalsoarrsv,rer
thesequeslions:
Wlretedoesit happen?
Why doesÍthappen?
tlctwdcesit happert?
Wecan answerthe Wherequestionby addjng
informatiorr
on theplacethe stagehappens:
'1'1rc
ingrediertsare rnixedin a steelmixer.
We can ansvverthe lz1l/ry
question using the
infinitivewith to (seeUnit 6):
Theiryredierús
uretnixedin a steelrnixerto
nrukedough.
We cirnanswer the Ííow
r1uestion
like this:
T'lte
lr:aves
aretakenout oJtlrcir tins(by)usitlg suction.
)) Go to Grammar reference p.118
t Readwhat Nassersaysin the Listeningscripton p.126.
TlrerrcorrrpletetheWhere,Why,and How information
irrttretable with irLforrnationprovided in the text.You
drrnot lraveall the inforrrration
fcr eachstase.
Stage
sl'q:
What
nappens
2
thedor,rgh
iscutinto
loaves,
putirrto
tins,
arrdIeÍt
Staqe
What
happerrs
4
thelclaves
areleftto
cool,
tlrerr
takr:n
out
of their
tins
f1'e"
What
happerrs
Stage
What
nappens
oLanguage
spot
Present
Passive
r Todescribea nrirnufacturirrg
process,
vveshould
answerthesetr,vo
irntrrot
tatrtclttr'-'stior
Lsalrttua-
c:tclr
stageÍnt}reprocess:
Whathappens?
Whendoesíthappen?
'.WecananswertireWhcltquestionursirrg
the
Present
Passive:
T,he
ingredierfts
are núxed'
.We can or,r*.. il,. I,Vherr
questiorr
by nurnbering
thestages(1,2,
-1,
etc),r-rr
by usirrgsequerrce
vvords
ffirst,therr,rrc.rt,
uJter tltat,J tno.Ily),
or titne clarrs,'s
(seeUnit 5):
tThe ingredientsare mixed.
First,the ingredÍeti's
are mixed.
After the loavesaresliced,theyare wrapped.
Wirere
why
llow
5tage
Where
why
How
6
slage
Where
VVhy
lJow
Novvconrl.rir
Letl reirLfor
trLatiotr.
for each stageinto otre
setrtetrce.
E XAIVIPLE
7 First,the Írtqrt:clierfts
clrentixed i'na steelyn.Íxer
to
rrruke
dctttglt.

43. r-
42 UnitT
Writing
Shortsequence
I Studythe injection moulding machine.Itis for
manufacturing plastic productslike CD cases.Then put
the stagesin the injection moulding processin the
correctsequence.Thefirst and last stagesare donefor
you.
1 Thehopperisfilledwith plastic.
TheplasticÍs
carried
throughthebarrelbythe
rotatingscrew.
Thehotplasticisinjected
quicklyintothemould.
c The plastic is melted by the heaters.
d The plastic travelsthrough the barrel.
e The plastic is fed into the barrel.
f Thereis enough melted plastic in the barrel.
g The mould is cool.
h Theplastic is left to setbeforethe pressureis
removed.
i The screwis pushed forward by the ram.
11 Thefinished moulding is removed.
2 Combine the pairs of sentencesusing suitabletime
words(see
Unit 5).
1 d+c 2 f+i
á
/
I
v
HOPPER
MOTOR
7
'-,
- 4
-r,
'4
4
3 g + 1 1

44. Manufacturing43
Theworld'slargestmanufacturers
of:
hearing
aids=Siemens
microprocessors
=Intel
lifts/elevators=Otis
memorychips
=Samsung
videogames=Electronic
Arts
motorbikes
=Honda
Pairwork
I Workin pairs,A and B.Studythis diagram ofthe stages
in themanufacture of CDs.With the help of the
diagram,discusshow CDsare made.
2 Eachofyou has a setof shorttexts describingsomeof
thestages.
Try to match eachofyour textsto one ofthe
stagesin the diagram.Be careful- some ofthe stages
arenot shown in the diagram.
I Discussyour information with your partner and agree
onthe correctorderfor all ofthe texts.
StudentA Go to p.111.
StudentB
Fromthe Father,multÍplepositiveimage metal
Mothers aremade by electroforming.EachMother
in turn producesa negativeimage Sonwhich is also
known as a stamper.
Theglassmasterdiscis placedin a chemicalbath.
Theresistcoating is not affectedbut where the laser
has removedthe resist,the chemical etchestiny pits
into the surfaceofthe glass.
Eachdisc is finished by applying a thin coating of
aluminium to form a reflectivelayer.Thedisc is
then coveredwith a protectivecoatingof clear
plastic,inspected,
and labelled.
LASER BEAM
RECORDING
METAL
-
FORMING
METAL
MASTER
(rarurn)-
FATHER(-)-
uornrn (+)
f f i l
-l
soN I
L_l
'TAMPER -
{
ffi
lTtlÍTÉ": MoULDING
CLEAR /
-
gggg1p41B -J
FAMILY
PROCESS
Speaking
Workin groupsof three.Make a list of at leastnine food
and drink productswhich, Iikebread,are
manufacturedon a large scale.
Chooseone from your list and try to explain to the
othersin your group how it is made using your own
knowledgeof the process.
Now combine information as a groupto try to make a
betterexplanation. Using any useful ínformationyour
partnershaveprovided,repeatthe explanation.
Thenext person should now choosea topic.Continue
until everyonehas made three explanations.
Usefullanguage
I think...happensnext.
You've
forgottenabout...
Whatabout...?
E F I N I s H I N G
FINISHED
-------f-
DISC /

45. 44 tlnii7
Reading
Modernmanufacturing
processes
Work in grclupsrlfthrcc EachoÍyortshtllllr1
icllrlr,.nc
oÍ
the textsaboutnrodernmanrrfirctrrling
prc,r't'sses
Tr'11
the othersirryour grorilrhow yorlrl)roccss
v'rorks,
any
advantagcsit has and what ii is riserlfoi
Cornpletcthe tablefor ca,'litcxt
B Waterjetabrasive
cutting
^/Ai'IiR
Waterjet abrasivecutting
usesa highpressure
jetof
water combineciwith an
abrasivesrrhstance
to crit
throrrghmaterials.
The
advantages
ofthis form of
crittingarethatthe jetcanbe
adjustedand the kind of
abrasivechangeilsothat
Process Advarrtagc:s [>:aritplc
lrfusc TT--
-(Iil,,,,,,,
A Electroforming
lii:cttofoittting
is a way of
nraking vcry acr:urirtc
nretal
parts Itis similarto
electroplating
in thata
metalcoatrng
is ricpositcd
olra spe(ialfornrin an
cir'crl'oiytrc
sr;lr
Ltt:tri
The
c,rf'Prd i;il,.IR(,r1.i i dlff(.Icncci:;thatthcr.i_r31
iri$
i
EIlcr|]1]YÍI ^,'Al'l|R1|
] is t}'i.,k.lrso [h.itilrc trlttrr
can be removed to leave a soiiri part
'firis
proce;s
allows manufacturers to'grow' corni)on(rntsin rnlt aIs
such as nickel.
Electroforming is idtal f;'r v( r)/firrL-'
ci)rIrP!rn(t,Lsl"irth
precise dimeustons It make s it prrssrblcto piodrrr:e
extrenrely accurate copies of rnasters For rhis reason,
electroforming is used in the manufactur e of ilDs.
ajinostanykindofnlati"rlal
canbe crrtInaddition,
thc
milteriaicanbe cutvuithorrt
changingits propertiesin
artyway.With heat,thereis alwayssomeriamageto
the arcasncarcstthe cut.
Thi:;
fornrof cuttinglrasmauy appli<:;rtiorrs
Itc:an
be
uscdto cr.it
metals,composites,
ancleventhrck
concrete.
At the otl'rt:r
cnd ofthc scalc,finc watcr icts,
without ,rdrled
abrasives,
arerrscrl
in surgcry.
C l{yrlrofoImÍng
I{ydr,rfoiiniug
is a rlay of
shapingrlatcrials suchas
aiuminirrmor rrltr,rlight
stcel T'hcmctal is prished
intoshaperrsing
ílriid
prr:rssure.
Fore'>:anrple,
to
prodrrce
cotttponents
for car
bodies,steeltrrbesarc placed
insidca morrldanrthigh
p.ÍcsSuIe
aPP]icrl
jrithcillbe.'nlilicit
prtshe
sthemetal
lnto the t:xact
shapcreqrrired.
Hydroforminga
componentirrthis ,a,ay
rneansthat sever
al diff,:rent
operationssuchasstamiringand v"'eldjng
areno
l ^ n . J 6 Í r a n ' r i ' a . ]
Hydroforminl;is used wherethcreis dernanrlforlorver
vreightwith high strengthlt is uscdin the
manufacturcoftop-ofthe-rangesportscarsand
motorbikes,
suchasHarleyDavidsons.ltis alsousedin
the aerospace
inriustryto producepanelsfor aircraft.
1ll: l liT
t)tT,s lll Al.ll(
rcEq
-Er
FÉ Fq
i . l . ' I3 : , l l r l l t
A l l l ) F I N A L
j r O I i M C , r 4 I , i N l i t { l
-ffi- c

46. Vocabulary
Compound
nouns
Coinpoundsnouns aI. oÍt..
i, it'-;
i.r1
ill.tt..llrlt...:l
i r:tll]li
Thcyconsistof twonorrnsvrrorkin.l
1ogc.Il.rcr
Study
thescr:xrrrnplcs.
carborli.cs
- bodiesof cars
pltrstic
haths=bathsmadertfplustic
injt:ction rut
oitIrlit q =mouIrling L;
y'injcrt ic,
tt
gas avcn =oV€f| v,,hichttses
gns
gas C'Qt1ist.
r =c.inistc rÍOrgas
Expllirt contlrr-rrrrrd
nottns 1-Bj Lrtlrr's
1 c r i n 1 l r r t t ,
l ( n ( I s
2 l ' . I t . l . i l r t
í ' t t : : i r i i i
3 1,vr1';
,. ;
4 1rl:.ir,
r'rin'-
5 ste.i iuir. r
6 tt'tun1,urnp
7 s t . t r ) 1 l r : l
B ( lork,.)rk
r.l.i
Webquest
: ' t i h . t ' . ; i - ) r " ' 1
| ( r { , l
'r t h c rn rn t ifaL :t, it , .
. I ii
(i i1r io an cx:r''iI'l,r: l
.: .r1,h7 )
[ 1 . : ' , '
L ' i r , ( l r
? , , 1l , , . : - ) -
. 1 . . ' .
. . ' . ,
4 p l r : 1 r r
l ' ; t i . r s
5 1;'t-
r il r:s
Ir
AA.rnLrfactrrring
45
Checklist
Assess
yourprogress
inthisunit.
Tick(.r')
the statements
whicharetrue.
Iknor,v
kcytcrmsforcommon
manuÍactrtri
ngprocesses
al]dtreatl11ents
lcandcscribc
a manufacturing
process
lcanwritea short
scquence
Iknowsonrcofthewaysinwhich
cornpound
nolinswork
My'rcading
arrdlistoring
aregoncl
enoughto understarrd
mostof eachtext
inthisunit
Keywords
Nouns
barreI
blade
bond
irg
extruslon
nollpe
r
ingred
icrr
is
plant
plaiing
proccss
r3m
SAW
sLrction
welding
Verbs
cool
spray
Noteh,,'rr
anyLhing
ahrrrrt
hr'r'.a/
Errglish
isused
intcthnoloi;y
thatisnew toyou.
t'ra ^,r'y'
I i l ' . . 1 s .
r r i f i " r - ' il
l)ro,
( ,js.'s.it
' ri,i:
,1i
(()l.rplct.
ihc t.ihlc
tiii:,",,lr l"'li, :;,-rrr:
Itr'r
n
1 r ;i,i- ,-tt>
l r l ' ' 1 ' ' t
r , r ; 1 5 i ' r l
, i i , i r i i h-

47. 4 6 U n i t8
t
I
'?
Switchon
ldentify the differentforms of transport in picturesA-F.
Work Ínsmall groups.Listothertypesof 1and,
sea,and
air transport.
Dl=-
t ,--

48. Reading
Thecarof thefuture
Transport47
Inthisunit
o keytermsfordifferent
formsoftransport
a howto makepredictions
usingwill,may,might
o howto usecorrectivestress
o reading
andlistening
fordetail
o usingyour
search
skillstofind
out moreaboutcarsof
thefuture
DRIVER CONDITION
DETECTION SENSOR
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
BETWEENVXHICLES
CAMERATO MONITOR
AREATO REAR
SENSOR TO
DETECT
FRONT
STRUCTURE
TO PROTECT
PEDESTRIANS
OBSTACLES
BEHIND VEHICLE
DEVICE TO RELEASE
INSIDE DOOR LOCKS
Lookatthe diagram and answer the questions.
1 How is this car differentfrom a typical caroftoday?
2 What doyouthinkASVmeans?
3 What arethe aims ofthe designersof this car?
4 What further improvements could you make to this
car?
Readthe text and checkyour answersto questions1-3
in t.
Readthe last paragraph ofthe text again and note the
advantagesand disadvantagesofthe forms of power ín
thetable.
Advantages Disadvantages
i electric
2 hybrid
(petrol
and
electric)
3 LPC
4 hydrogen
fuelcell
SENSOR TO DETECT
OBSTACLES IN FRONT
ASVs
Road trafíc is increasing worldwide. This increase
brings problems:road accidents,congestion,and
pollution. However, engineers are working on
Advanced safety vehicles (ASVs)which will be much
safer for drivers,other road users such as cyclists, and
for pedestrians.They are alsoworking on new engines
which use cleanerfuels.
ASVswill be equippedwith electronicsensorsto
prevent accidents and to make it safer for people when
accidents do happen. One sensor will stop the driver
falling asleep.Others will warn drivers when they are
too closeto othervehicles.
The car of the future might be electric.Electric motors
are very efficient and produce no pollution, but they
need heavy batteries and their range is limited with
currenttechnology. Hybrid cars have both a petrol
engine and an electric motor. They save about t5%of
fuel. They need batteries but they don't have to be
charged overnight as the motor acts as a generator
when the car brakes.Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)is
already used as a fuel. Cars can be converted easily but
LPG only cuts down pollution a little. Hydrogen fuel
cells may be the long-term answer.They provide clean
power but each cell is very expensÍve.

49. Gadgetbox
Thewotld'sfir;thyrlrogen-powcred
motorbikc
canreach
80 kphin l2seconds.
lt produces
nopollution
arrd
isalmost
si|cni.
|-loweve
r;thehytlrogen
frleIce||costs
Í15,000
and
rlotorbrike
fansdorr'tlikethc ideaof a
'rroisc-free'
bil<e!
llow r:otrlrl
yountakethisrnotorbike
nroreattractivc
to bikcrs?
It'smyjob ) A 1..,t.,.i.] ,.,..-
J f t . r y u l l r l ( ( l t bc thc bestchoicc.it doesn't
prodrrcc
rnur:h
polhrticn.(lt'spossilrle)
4 Solar-powt:rerivchiclcs-.--
- --- bethe answerto
ourtransportproblerns.
Theceilsarevely
ineff,cient.(lt'svery r.rnlikely.)
bt-'come
much safel rnrith
the
additionof rnanysensors.
(I'mcertain.)
ir By 2015
morepeoplein Europe- -- ------travelto
work by train than by car.(It'spossible.)
7 As worid oil sr-rpplics
dry up,petrol ---- ---- get
nroreatrdmore expetlsive.(I,mcerta'Írr')
B Bccar:sc
hydrogen-firclled
carsaresilent,they
---be more dangerousthan carsrvith
pr:trol
cuglncs.
(lt's
possiblc.)
1.1;r,lo
116'r
qlown pl cdictions aborrt
the topicsbelov"r
for
ti'iryr-'ars
intothe frrturc.
Therlcolnparcyour
1:rc-'lictions
,oith lrourpartner.Try to reachagreernent.
thr'mrmber of carsin Vourcountrv
tl.rr:
p1i6's
61,)i1
thesizecf nAss,'nr't'r
]itcr;lft
thetlosL populai way to ttavi-:l
trl'ut'oLk
lhc rrscofclcr:tric
cars
I
l*
l. I -
1 í n ; t j s l . | . l " ] l - í ) ) ' l r ; } l 1 , ; 1 1 n . ' , : l
. ^ 4 l . r . i l l . : t r j ; ; r l J l t - r 1 ' 1 i r t c e l
, : l r i r J
a l l , 1 ' a il l ' i i : ; ,c l i C . l . .
1 A ] ] r l ii , . : l i ir . í . i . il i l ; 1 l r , i - |
i . l ] t c c . l r : . . l n . . ] 1 ^ r i t l . l ?
2 I . { ' ; i ^ , l ] , . n .
| . ; i ! ^ ' ( . ' :I i l ] 1 ^ r . . , . ,
l i í . li r l r i i j . . l ' ]
3 il.tli r f i11.;-
;;r1,,i1
1r.lrlrtrl:tti.,r.;;:,ri,art'.'
ilr ll,:
. i
4 ^/hat kirt'.]rlÍÍr'rrlrllrl.:s.t'hi:;11161]111''1
11.;4]
! l,il1yLnit-lhthi, li: ;r i.,,'1Jr'
opn.l'l uilitr, 1'orrsr'
Eng;lirh?
o Languagespot
Pr+r|ictírn
;l,u
íÍ
l, r{,
ű,?lr iqht
Strtrir.r
t ltccc i:x,ll, 1.;!
- r;;
ACvanc^,1 ;;,1ft[1,,y,y
lri, l"::i,15i'...)r.1.,1f1
r,:", , ,.'ti':,:fi.i
Tll e,c:tt o f th e fiti ll r., il l íl1|"'l.
bn r:ic'c t r ic,
I[ttr]roqrn lttrl:: !lst)1ti).!
i:c t'iir'i.r,iitt
f6rr., ''1iri;,.-y-
Whet1 n.',.
lrl:i ij|rir]ir1|''l1;i1.''|ill:,'..!r.'rr'l^r]ill..l-lJ.ii,
l/Ví.
r t s c t a l i 1 l
í . ' rI h i : 1 g sl y l ' i 6 ] 1
; l 1 . .
. c l L : l i
i 1 -
l ^ t t .
l l , . ; r l i . ' ' l 1 l i
mttiht i'tt i r'1'.r':
; v'l' ii il ::1';'
:rf iii i ;11'
( i'li': .:i ; itlir'
11iÍfer:.nc:'}l..il^',rl.11
ii;r:'l':t;.lri
il;19hi 1:lrn'tlt:r;..
|i:l1liisll)
Note th l.s::51.,.rit
íill-ll-.:;
rl..e :l itr spr;il1.1
; ]]r-r
rl|.j.:]-.
.
wotl't - 1,'ii!
not
nligl,lín,t = il.ti,]l,iLll,li'
DIOT R.itv+rJt
) Goto Grammar reference p.119
I Cor.it..lrttl
til'c:(:]i,.].
|1.
c:-i
i1:]jllÍÍ
,,^ll!l,
illqt i 111;.'1.lri,tll.
the Lrur-'g.r
tivr-f,-'r':',t
l.
't'i
r'' 1;
j.11
;5115
il l lri;r,:
kCiS,,rr
ill ltClll.
1 ,Vc___.._ __ pj.
;l:: rc;J
cr':giilcrl
il-,ilta fi,flri'e.
Therc lr-chittl:i a,ilcr
;iellvlj:l(I,nrr.c:
trir.r.)
2 l{yrl16g1'11
tirr:lci.ll:; gt't rirr,:rpcrls
teCltnolol,,,iritirl.)1.
; (l't:r
r ri lain.)

50. Transport49
Problem-solving
I Work in pairs.Can you identify the lesscommon forms
oftransport in picturesA-E? Decidewho might use
them and for what purpose.
Pronunciation
Corrective
stress
When we correctwhat someonesays,we often stress
the point of disagreement.
f) Listento this example.
A Electricmotorsaren'tvery eficient.
B No,electricmotorsare veryefficient.
2 Correctstatements1-8.Usethe words in brackets
whereprovided.
1 Hybrid carshavea dieselengine and an electric
motor.(petrol)
2 Hydrogenfuelcellsarecheap.
3 Most car driversarehappy to usepublic transport.
4 LPG cuts down pollution a lot. (little)
5 ASVsare more dangerousfor pedestrians.(safer)
6 Solar-poweris the answerto our transport
problems.
7 Air travel is good for the environment.
8 Trainsand carsare examplesof public transport.
(buses)
I Workin pairs.Taketurns to correcteachotherusing
the statementsabove.
{ f) tisten and checkyour answers.
I Work in pairs. Make statements of your own about the
topicsbelow.Disagreewith your partner'sviews and
givereasonsto supportyour case.Usethe dialoguesin
{ asa model.
a
a
a
Ü
a
a
a
a
the bestcarmade in Europe
the safest way to travel
travelling by air
studyÍngEnglish
travel by train in the past and now
the bestmotorbike
the answer to traffic problems
the most interestingjob intechnology
In your pairs,decidewhat specialfeaturestheseforms
oftransport require to operate effectively.

51. 50 Unit8
328.761
mph/ 529.33
kph
JCBbreaks
the land-speed
record
fora diesel
enginevehicle(August2006)
ff Gitffii{aex
CustomeÍ
CaÍe
Making andacknowledging
apologies
Ifyour company supplies faulty goods or if there is a
delay in providing a service or meeting an order,you
may haveto apologizeto the customer.
We can apologizeface-to-face,
by phone,or by email
using phraseslike these:
I'm sorry thatyour orderis late.We'vebeenverybusy
but I'lIseeto it at once.
Sorryabout the delaywithyour order.
We can acknowledge the apology using phrases like
these:
That'salright. / OK. It'snot a problem.
Don,tworry about Ít. No problem,
Sometimeswe want to acknowledgethe apology
and make surethat action is taken.Inthis casewe add
b u t . . . .
EXAMPLE
It,snot a problem but I,dlikethem to arrÍve
tomorrowat
the latest.
Work in pairs. Taketurns making and acknowledging
apologies for the problems below. The customer starts
by explaining the problem.
o The car batteries you received arefor an old model -
you wanted the ones for the new model.
' You are still waiting for an important delivery of
solarpanels,duethis morning.
One ofthe officetelephonesyou receivedyesterday
is faulty.
Vocabulary
Recording
newexpressions
In Unit l you studied useful ways of recording new
vocabulary by grouping words accordingto subjects.It
is a]souseful to group expressÍons
by function - what
they areusedfor.
t Studythe expressionsfor apologizing in the table of
functions.
Now completethe table wÍththe expressionsbelow
usedfor writÍngemails.
a H i . . .
b Wewill...
c I'mwriting to you because...
d Regards...
e Dear...
f Iwrote to you on (date)...
g We'regoingto...
h We spoke(lastweek)...
i Bestwishes...
1 ereasonm gehng'rnouc'rs ...
k Ican assureyou that ...
Write a short email to a customerapologizingfor
sending five air-conditioning unÍtsinstead of the sÍxhe
/ sheordered.In your email,you should referto the
telephone conversation you had yesterday and provlde
a reasonfor the errorand tell him / her you will send
the remaining unit by express delivery.
I/ Weapologizefor
...
I/ Weregret
...
Opening
a letter
oremail
Closing
a letter
oremail
Referri
ngto previous
contact

52. Transport5l
Webquest
Search
the sitesfor detaÍIs
of carswhich do not have
conventionalpetrolor dieselengines.Copy the detalls
intothis table for eachmodel.
www.bmw.com
www.daihatsu.
com
www.ford.com
www.om.com
www.automobiles.
honda.com
www.mercedes-benz.com
www.smart.com
www.suzuki.com
www.toyota.com
www.votvo.com
Checklist
Assess
yourprogress
inthis unit.
Tick(/) the statements
whicharetrue.
Iknowkeytermsfordifferent
forms
oftransport
Icanmakepredictions
usingwill,
may,
andmight
Iknowhowto usecorrective
stress
My reading
andlistening
aregood
enoughto understand
mostofeachtext
inthisunit
Keywords
Adjectives
automatic
efficient
liquefied
pneumatic
Nouns
congestion
delay
fuelcell
hybrid
production
public
transport
throttle
Verbs
converT
detect
giveup
monitor
Notehereanything
abouthowEnglish
isused
intechnologythat
isnewtoyou.

53. 52 Reading
bank
Readi
ngbank
Technolo1yin sport
How can clothing help athletesto
nprfnrm hefier)
Scanthe text quickly to find out
which items of sportswearare:
a designedfor swimmers
b designedforrunners
c designedbyAdidas
d designedtoreducedrag.
Now readthe text again to find the
answersto thesequestions.
1 How doesthe Precoolvest
improve performance?
2 Whydidthedesignersof
Fastskinwork with an expert in
sharks?
3 What arePower socksdesigned
to prevent and why is this
i m n n r t e n i T
4 Inadditiontoreducingdrag,
how doesSwift suit help
athletes?
5 How areStrapless
gogglesheld
on the swimmer's face?
F|le Ed|| v]ow h$n Forhd T@|6 AciloÉ tle|p
Sports
companies
arealways
tryingto develop
new
sportswear
thatwillallowathletes
to perform
more
effi
ciently.
Recent
developments
include:
PRECOOLVEST
Nikehavedeveloped
a vestwhichholdsicepacksin itslining.
lt isdesigned
forathletes
who competein marathons
andotherlongdistance
races.
Wearingitforonehourbefore
the racewill reduce
the bodytemperature
by19%,and
therefore
reduces
the riskof heatinjury.
FA5T5K!N
Speedohavedesigned
a swimsuitwhichtheyclaimisthe world's
fastest.
Thedesigners
haveworkedwithan experton sharks- famouslyfast
swimmersofthefishworld.The
materialcopiesfeatures
of sharkskin
and
isdesigned
to reduce
drag.The
makerssayit canincrease
performance
by
uoto 4%o.
POWER SOCKS
Adidasproduce
knee-length
socks
forrunners
whicharedesigned
to
reduce
legfatigue.The
sockssaveenergybycompressing
the musclesin
the legs.This
prevents
the muscles
vibrating
eachtimethe runner's
foot
hitsthe ground.Thevibration
isa wasteof energy.
SWIFTSUIT
Adidashavedesigned
an aerodynamic
head-to-ankle
suitforsprinters,
cyclists,
rowers,
and ice-skaters.
lt keepsathletes
coolandreduces
drag.The
designer
claimsit givesa ten-centimetre
advantage
ina
'l00-metre
sprint.
STRAPLESSGOGGTES
Forswimmers,
Nikehavedeveloped
featherweight
carbongoggles
withoutstraps.
Eachlensisstuckto the eyesocket
with medicalglue.
Havingnostraps,
thegogglesproducelessdragthanordina
rygoggles.

54. Reading
bank 53
Appropriate
technology
Studythis mechanical device.
Chooseits correctfunction.
a farming
b explodingmines
c travelllng on the Moon
d filming in dangerousplaces
e carryingthings
Listsomeof the componentsof
thisdevicein the table.
Now readthe descrÍption
of how
thedeviceworks to find the
answerto thesequestions.
1 What is the devicecalled?
2 What doesit do?
3 Why is it suitable for the
developing world?
Why do the wheels have steel
teeth?
How often does a wheel have to
bechanged?
Why doesthe machine not miss
any mine in its path?
5-anrtnnporn
Item, - Quantity
5-metremetal or bamboo ooles
Three-wheeledIife-saver
Thedeviceiscalleda Dervish.
lt isa
mine-detonati
ng vehiclefor clearing
anti-personnel
minesfrom farmland
in developing
worldcountries.
lt has
a verysimpledesignand uses
inexpensive
parts.
The United
Nationsestimatesthat 24,000
peopledieeachyear becauseof
mln es.
The Dervishhasthreewheels.Each
wheel has steelteeth to createmore
pressure.
When the teeth passovera
mine,it explodes.The
wheelscan
explodearound
'l,500
minesbefore
they haveto be changed.
A motorbikeenginepowersthe
Dervish.
The devicerotates.
As each
wheel passesa certainpoint in the
rotation,
it slowsdown.Thismakes
the machineadvancein tight circles,
about 30 mm aoart.Forthis reason
no mine in itspath is missed.
RUBBER SHOCK ABSORBER
(rNsrorwHrnr)
WHEELMOTOR
125cc prrnor ENcTNE

55. 54 Readingbank
Crime-fighting
and
security
Readoneofthesetexts,
A,B,orC,
asyourteacherdirects.
Findout
theanswerstothesequestions.
1 Whatisthis deviceorsystem
calied?
2 Whousesit?
3 How doesit work?
Shareyouranswerswith othersin
yourgroup.
Readtheothertwotextsandseeif
youcanfind anyextra
information.
Theirisisthecoloured
ringround
thecentral
part
of
youreye.
Each
oneisdifferent,
whichmakes
itperfect
forsecurity
systems
such
aslris-scanning.
First,
youririsisscanned
andtheinformation
converted
toa digital
filewhichisstored
ina database.
This
process
takes
about
three
minutes.
Whenyougotoa
highsecurity
area,
yousimply
lookatacamera
which
scans
youriris.
Theresult
iscompared
withyour
database
entry.
lttakes
justoverasecond
tocomplete
thecheck.
Thesystem
isused
atairports
tospeed
passengers
through
passport
control
andtocontrol
entry
to
restricted
areas.
Somebanks
useitatATMmachines
instead
ofPlNs.
Apart
fromthespeed,
theadvantage
isthatusers
don't
needto remember
a password
orkey.
Thesystem
can
handle
users
wearing
glasses,
contact
lenses,
andalso
changes
totheeyeaspeople
age.Sofar,it's
foolproof.
TheAdvanced
taser
gunisanelectric
stun
gunwhich
allows
police
to
deal
withviolent
people
without
causing
injury
ordeath.
lthasa laser
sight
tomake
sure
thesuspect
isproperly
targeted.
ltuses
a compressed
aircartridge
tofiretwodarts
atthesuspect.
Thedarts
pullbehind
them
fineelectric
cable.
They
canpenetrate
thethickest
clothing,
upto5
centimetres,
ata range
of6.4metres.
Whenthedarts
hitsomeone,
thegundelivers
a 50,000
voltshock
for
fiveseconds.
Theshock
causes
temporary
paralysis.
Taser
waves,
electrical
signals,
cause
thesuspectS
muscles
tocontract.
Theguns
contain
a microchip
whichrecords
thedateandtimeofeach
firing.

56. Reading
bank 55
Offpndprlr,rrk
inn . n n (iS t SO I a S mall
tracking
unit
wornonthebeltor
ankle.
ltuses
thetechnology
of
Global
positroning
system
(GPS)to
record
thewearer's
movements.
This
datarsfedtoa server
whichmatches
movements
withplaces.
Some
ofÍenders
arerestricted
to anarea
around
their
home.
lftheymove
outside
thatarea,
thisisreported
by
e-l,rrl
lo thpoolireSomeoffenders
areforbidden
to enter
certain
areas.
lfthey
gothere,
thisisreported
automatically
tothepolrce
The
system
alsocontains
details
of
crimes.
lfanoffender
isnear
the
scene
ofa crime
attherrght
time,
a
report
issent
directly
tothepolrce.
t )
L L
l5b
IR
rn
I
21hr )'

57. 56 Reading
bank
Manufacturing
Studythe common
manufacturing processeson
pp.56-58.
From the list beloW identify the
processand method involvedin
each of these operations.
i Making a small circular hole in
a metal sheet.
2 Joiningtwosimilarmetals
using heat.
Applying a permanent layer of
chromium to a steelcarbody
part.
Gluing wings to the body of an
aÍrcraft.
MakingaluminÍum
components by pouring hot
metal into a shapedcontainer.
MakÍngplastic bottlesby
blowing aÍrinto a hot plastic
tube.
ForcÍng
aluminium through a
die to make window frames.
Shaping steelby hammering
an ingot of hot metal.
Spraying a component with
tiny particlesofresin and
colourto make a protectiveand
attractive covering.
Cutting a metal sheetÍntotwo
using a sharp blade.
metal
turning (Iathe)
andmilling
(millingmachine)
metal
shearÍng
metal
WASTING
metal,wood
drilling
FORMING
metal
punchingand
piercing
metal
metal
filing
metal
I r
bending
metal, plastíc
r-r
I T
É i_____nJ
l0
í l Í l
iJ{hflhflhflH il__-.
{-}iJi}x+iflt-r----r
{
e*aÉEg ap-*-_l
rollforming forging extrusion

58. Reading
bank 57
CASTINGAND MOULDING
sandcasting
and diecasting
metal
arcwelding
andgaswelding
metal,polymeÍs,
andplastic
injection
moulding
metal
plastic
metal,wood,
plastic,fabric
plastic
metal,wood
usingmechanical
fixing s (rÍv
ets,screws,
bolts,etc.)
ill
i l l
TLlrl
O:-l c
W
lll*
{-------+
I ll
lL--J I
| .-_Jr rL_-J
-.-- ----l
-lt
l-
[_J
-=_-J-
-]
l-
- )
vacuumformíng
_]l _.ltl
H'r*1 nrnl
W W
lll llr
tr- ---!
-r---r1
L-::- T- |
I
rrArr
F /:
|........-.-r./r-l
,--1 =
V-
blowmoulding
metal
N-
ru
,, fr=t'{
)V
Itltltltltit
usingadhesives
brazing

59. l-
58 Reading
bank
CLEANINGAND COATING
metal
chemicalcleanÍng
and ultrasonic
cleaning
metal, wood, plastic
metal
plating
metal
a)- Ct-
-_/ _/
f,r
painting powdercoating

60. Reading
bank 59
Transport
A hybridresultsfrom combining
twodifferentthings.What two
thingsarecombined to make a
hybridcar?Lookatthe diagram
andcheckyour answer.
Readthe text and find the answers
tothesequestions.
1 When is the petrolengine used
alone?
2 When is the electricmotor used
alone?
3 Whenareboth motorsused?
4 What advantagedoesthis car
haveoveran electriccar?
5 HowisthebatterychargedT
A Hybrid-electric
vehicle(HEV)has both a petrolengineand an
electrrc
motor,The petrolengineis the main powersource.lt is
sma||er
and Iighter
thantheengines
oÍconventionaI
cars.
Thee|ectric
motor providesextra power when needed.In some HEVs, it is
connected
to thewheelsbythesametransmission.
Inaddition
to a
fue|tank,the HEVcarries
a packoÍadvanced
batteries.
Thereisa|so
a processor
whichdecides
whento usethe motorandengine.
When the car is runningat a constant
speed,cruising,
the petrol
engineprovides
allthe powerrequired.
Forovertaking,
hillclimbing,
andaccelerating
fromstop,the electric
motorprovides
extrapower.
Insomecars,the motoralsoprovides
powerfor low-speed
cruising
aspetrol
engines
areleast
efficient
intheseconditions.
HEVs use regenerative
braking.When the driver brakes,the
resistance
of the motor helpsto slow down the car.At the same
time, the energyfrom the wheelsturns the motor which then
functionsas a generator,
producingelectricity
to rechargethe
batteries.
When the batteries
arelow,the petrolenginealsodrives
the generator.
HEVshaveautomatic
start/ shutoÍf.
The petro|engineshutsoÍf
when the car comes to a stop When the driverpressesthe
acceleratol
the motorinstantly
starts
theengineagain.No energyis
wastedfromidling
whenthecarisstopped.
HEVsaremoreefficient
and pollutelessthancarswith onlypetrol
engines.
Theydo not require
special
fuel likehydrogen
carsand,
unlike
electric
cars,
theydo notneedto be pluggedin overnight
to
rechargethe batteries.However,they are heavybecauseof the
weightoÍthebatteries.

61. 60 Reading
bank
Highliving:
skyscrapers
Youneedtobeabletotravel
quicklyup anddownskyscrapers.
Lookatthediagramoppositeofa
Iiftsystemandanswerthese
questions.
1 Whatis thecounterweightfor?
2 Whataretheguiderailsfor?
3 Whatarethesafetyfeatures?
Now readthetextto checkandto
addtoyouranswers.
Readthetextagainandanswer
thequestions.
1 Whatdoesthemicroprocessor
do?
2 Whyistravelinlifts oneofthe
safest
journeysyoucanmake?
The clevelopmentof tall br,rildtngs
and liftsgo togethcr The first
Iifts.or
,e|evators,
in Arneric.tnEngIish,CoÍlsisted
of a p|;ltforrn
suspendeclfrom a rope which passed over a pulley at the top of
the building. lf tl-rcrope brokc.,the platform fell to the grouncl
ln | 852 Elisha Otrs invented the firstsafetylift.lf the rope broke,
a brake was applied automaticallywhich lockeclthe platforntin
placc between guide rails.Today thc Otrscorrpany tsthe
largestsupplier of liftsin the worlcl.
Most liftstoday are roped lifts.The car rlrns Lretweenvertical
guide railswhich keep it steady and act ;rsa safetyckvice. Stccl
ropes, or cables,.rttachedto the roof of ttrecar pass over a
pulley,called the drive sheave. which is turneclby an electric
motor.The other end of the cable is att.tchcd to .t
counterweight. Tlrismatchcs the W€]ight of .]car with .ttt
aver.rgcload of p,rssengers.
The counterweight savcs cncrgy. ltswcigirt helps to r.rise.
thc
car |n thc same wc.ly,
the W€]|ght of thc:c.lr whcn it clcsce:trc]s
l-rclps
to r.iiscthe colrr]terwL'tqht.
For thc nrostpilrt, tl't(-'
nrotof
only h.rsto overcor-nc
friction
Liftsare controlleclby a mrcroprocessorrn the machtno roonr
Thislogs all passenqercall-s
and monrtorsthe numbcr of
passengerstrervelling
from floor to floot the posttionof any c;rr
in the system,and itsspeed. lt ccinclirectpcrs5eneers
to the c.ir
which will get thcm to their clcstinationfastestarrclwill prcvcnt
any car which is overloadeclfrornnrovirrg
Liftshave many safcty deviccs which ntal<e
it virtu.rliyrmpossrble
for an accicJent
to hzrppen.Thc cablesconsistof up to crgl-rt
steelropes wor.rndtogether.Each one is strong enor-rghtc-r
supportthe car.lf the carsti.lrts
to rur-r
too qurckly,
cl'governor'
or safetybrake locl<s
the car to the gLriderails.Doors on each
floor cnsure th.lt no one c.ln f.rlldown an open liftshaft. Doors
on the ccl[er']sure
that no passenqer c.rn be ir-r.iurccl
by contact
with thc shzrft.
The car cannot move ut-ttil
both setsof cioorsare
closecl.Finally,at the bottont of the sh;rftthere are largc.shocl<
absorbers,or buffers'to cushion the iÍnp.lctof ;lny fJ||.All thesc
things comtrineclm<rl(e
travcl in liftsonc of the-safestJoLlrneys
you can mal<el

62. Reading
bank 6t
DRIVE SHEAVE
CONTROLLER
MACHINE ROOM
IIFT CAR GUIDE RAILS
LIFT CAR
SAFETY GEAR
LIFTWELL
COUNTERWEIGHT
GUIDE RAILS
COUNTERWEIGHT
,GOVENOR'OR
SAFETYBRAKE
HOIST
ROPES
DOOR OPERATOR
CAR DOOR
TRAVELLING CABLES
IÁNDING INDICAToR
LANDING PUSH BUTTON
I.ANDING ENTRANCE

63. 62 Reading
bank
Medicaltechnolo1y
Answer the questions.
1 The afftxtele-means'distant'.
What doyou think theseterms
mean?
atelemedicine
b telecare
ctelesurgery
2 What sort of technologywould
be neededfor each ofthe
servicesdescribedby these
terms?
3 Whomightbenefitfromthese
services?
Readthe text and checkyour
answers.
l r " l L r r r
' ^ t
l r ,r Ir t . , 'rr i ,
. r . l ' l l
i l r '
Telemedicine
, ' r t , ,' r l r | r , : , l l t i ' , r i ) i tr , l L O | , r i | 1 , ) : t t ' , I I
l 1 r l , i , L r l
l r o v i r l i f r l r ' | r : r l t r , r l
! [ ] l ) l ) ( ) r
l l l l , l , l , i r , ' l 1 rl ) (
( ) l ) (
. , , ' i o , l ( l u ( l ( ) l , l , t t , . ,
l l r ( ' l t t l ' r t ' ' 1 : r l ' , : ,
I , , t . , l ) , 1 1 ( , l r l , t L 1 1
, . , , L l 1 ; r - l r r l , , 1 , r ' r ' r ! l i i )
L l L , l l '
1 1 , , 1 ' , L t; , t ' i , t i ( r l , l l l , l r l i l . l l i l l l l i , , , i l r ' r L r i r i | , 1
V l , t , , l t l o n t r ' , r , , L l - i ' l r , ' o q 1 1 r '
, , . , 1 1 1 1 ' , 1 1 1 1 1 , r 1
, l l r t l ) l r I r 1 , . , 1 , . i 1 L , , l r l i
r L i
' l
L l 1 1 '
l t , l i r i r r l i l r l l , t , l ; L 1 1 l ( , r l , ' 1 , ' 1 ' ' l l , , '
1 L ' , r l r l r t ' r
r i . Y l t ' r ]
r , l i l l , r r j ( " , , , r r (
l t , l ' , X t , i , ' , ' r L t , l r , r , i i l I r r . , 1 r i r ( l L i l
r ( , l r ( ' ( o L t | L t , l r r l , r ' l l l r , l - , r ' o , L r l i . , , t t r ,
l l ' , 1 1 r ' ' , 1 I r ' , ' i r l ' " r , 1 I
. l L ] . , , ' 1 . . 1 : 1 1 : , , t V t l L ' r , , 1
r l r i - r ( ' , r l . Ll r I r r ) , 1
l o r ' : : . i l f i r r : c ll l l r L r l ( , 1 . , i, r , r r o l r ' 1 , ' 1 1
" ,
f i r , l r l , ' l r , r , t l r , tr l r , r . .
| , I
' , i) i ' i . r : l , r ' "l , r l . ,
, l l l " r l
( ' ( ' r. l t( i , , , 1 , ^ i , L y o l
L r ,
r l r , , , l l l ( ' t
' , ! l l t ( , l
, t l r t | i r i , ,
) l ) r , i i r l , r , ( , r l ) { ' 0 1 ) 1, 1 1l
] ' l i [ , ' ( ) L ' l ) ! ) r ' r l l ' / r L ) l ] l ( " . . . t l l r - : " ' t
l ' t I
' I
I l . t .
i | ) ( ] L i ! l ( . l i l U r í . , r i 1 t r l t l l 1 l l L ' i . i . : l l . 1 r ' . . t | o l . 1 t i
) i r ] ] l ] . I i ] 1 i ] . ' ' ) i i l l
, , l r c l r . r l r ' l : t t t t : r l i r , t ' , l , r 1 1 o r - t t : l , i l ' " ' c : . 1 ' , r 1 , ' r
I , r r , . 1 . ( ' l r i r , , r i , r r , i r r r
" ' , , r t i i ' q l l l c l r L r ' , t t , i l t i l t , l l r ( ' ' r ' l i r , , : r , l r , " , ' l - r i, , r ,
' , l , l t : l l l t c l t l l i : c | t . l i : | . r l Í ' l " ' l l l c l L l 1
l l l r . 1 l ' r i L . t ] l
| . ] r ' i ] ] l r ] ] 1
. " l r l l l r " ' ! ' , , 1 ' . t t : ( l C j
r r . ( , L ) t , r , t li . , , ' ,i r ' I l r , . l , r r i r ' r ' , , r r i , l
, l l ) , r L { ' r r l i l r l, i t r r i ' l l t t ' ( ) l ) 0 . r l l o l i ' , r y , r ' , ( . l r
r i ' L l r , r l L l . L ] r ' l - ) i " ' r l
L l . r i r l ) r - r l ( ' t
r , , l ! , r l t o i . , r t r i o r t l . , i r t l r l ' " , 1 i , , r l I r . , : ! . . ' , 1 l l r
' i i . : , . l r ( i 1 l l - C l L , t , l L t r ' i : . , t t i ' ? . r l t ' 1 1 . , u . '
, , 1 i ) : , ,
i r . , . r i
r r r , l : L , l l t 1 1 c l ! ^ u t . r i .
1 J . l , L t L S . l 1 l l r r , f L t L L t , ' i r , . . , r , . ( , t . , r ' , , 1 , i , ) t , l l ) { ' , 1
r ! ' : . 1 , ( ' 1 1
) r ' l l ( ' ( ) !
{ ' l l l l l . . , a ) r ' a r i i : . f I ' r '
i L ' r l

64. Reading
bank 63
Personal
entertainment
Whatadvicewould you give to
someonemaking a digital video
movieforthe first time?
Compareyour advicewith the tips
givenin the text.
Studytheseexplanationsfor some
ofthetips given.Match each
explanationto the correcttip.
a Professionalsmake limited use
ofthesekÍndsof shots.-
b When you startfilming you
won't haveto worry about
whereto shootnext. -
c Theyhavetocatchyour
attentionand make their
messageclearin a very short
tlme._
d lt'squality,not quantitythat
counts._
e Unsteadyorjerkyshotscan
lookamateur
Iftheunexpectedhappenson
the day of filming - problems
with the technology,weather,
orthe actors- you still have
time getit right. -
Wind or streetnoisecan ruin
yourfilm. -
Youwon't losetime, or worse,
make serioustechnical
mistakesand ruin goodshots.
Youcan get all the necessary
actorsand locationsorganized
in goodtime
E||o Edit vlow bs6d Fqímat Tm|s ActioEs Ho|p
Tipsformaking
a digital
videomovie
Digital
videocameras
alongwithsoftware
suchasApple's
iMovieallow
anyone
to makehomemovies.You
canaddvideoandaudioeffects
and
publish
yourfilmsonwebsites
andblogs.You
can produce
video
podcasts
forothers
to share.
However,
having
the rightequipment
doesn't
guaranteequality.
These
tipsmlghthelp:
'l
Prepa
reyour storyboa
rdwell in
adva
nce.
2 Allowplentyof
timeforfilming.
3 trnat
e a shooting
schedule
listing
eachlocation
andthetimefor
filming.
4 Find
quietlocations
andcheck
thembefore
youstartfilming.
5 usetvadvertsforgood
ideas.
6 Keepyourfilm
short.
Makesureyou
arefamiliarwith
all
yourcamera
controls.
Usea tripod
to ensure
yourcamera
issteady.
Don'toveruse
zoomshots.
W
?
*
q'
wf,,

65. 64 Reading
bank
Careers
in
technolo1y
What questions would you ask
someone with the job title of
TechnicalInstallationEngineer?
Readthe answersto the questions
the interviewer askedRon
Martinez, a TechnicalInstallation
Engineer.Correctyour answersto I
ifnecessary.
Now match these questionsto the
answers and put them in a logical
order.
a What'stheworstthingabout
thejob?-
b What doesyourwork involve?
c How long have you worked
there?-
d What advice would you give
studentsentering your
profession?-
e Why did you choosethis job?
What's the bestthing aboutthe
job?-
What'sthe biggestchallengeof
yourjob?-
What'sthe salary like?-
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66. Reading
bank 65
ThefutuÍeoÍ
technology
Forrobotsto function lesslike
machinesand more like humans,
theyneedto be coveredin
artifrcialor synthetic skin.
WhÍch
featuresof human skin
doesrobotskin needto copy?
Choose
from a-d.
a sensitiveto touch
b sensitÍve
to heat
c stretchable
d allofthese
Now readthe text and check
youranswer.
Readthe text again to find the
answersto these questions.
1 What sortof tasks arerobots
goodfor?
2 Typically,whichindustries
makeuse of robots?
What do robotsneedin order
to work with people?
How doesE-skinstretch?
Why is stretchability
important?
How could walkÍngrobots
useinformation from E-skin
in their feet?
How could E-skinhelp robots
not to damage themselves?
What two featuresof E-skin
would be important in
bathing ababy?
t : ! t ^ i l i : r ,
.
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I r r r r , :
? i i l l l l l l l i i
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r l ' t
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I,i,
4
5
Robotsare verygood at doingthe same task in the same placeover
and over again,Infactorlesand nuclearpowerstationsmore than a
millionrobotsbehavein thiswayeveryday.
Forrobotsto workwithpeople,forexamplecaringforthe old,theyneed
to be much more like humans.TheV need to be able to move like
humansandadaptto newplaces.Theyalso needto be moresensitive
to touchand temperature.
Inhumansit is skinwhichprovidesimportant
information
on Dressure
and heat.
Englneersat the University
of Tokyohavedevelopedan artificial
skin for
robotswhichis sensitiveto pressureand temperaturethanksto a large
numberof sensors.Inaddition,becauseit uses a mesh or net structure
it can be stretchedby up to 25o/o
and still retainits sensitivity.
This
means itcan be used to covermovingpartsliReJoints,
ThisE-skinopens the wayformuch more sensitiverobots.Forexample,
walkingrobotscould use feedbackfrom theirfeet to adjustto different
surfaces.Robots in futuremay be able to graspdifferenttools and use
them as humansdo. Domesticrobotscouldpick up and bathea baby
withouthurtingit.Theywouldalso be less likelyto damagethemselves.
A lot remainsto be done. E-skinwillprovidemuch more information
thanthe robotrequlresat any one time.llumanbrainscan selectonly
the important
information.
Beforerobotscan act likehumans,theyneed
to havebrainslikehumans.