1. ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN WIRELESS NETWORK PRESENTED BY :- PANKAJ BARODIA ROLL NO. :- 09112019 M.TECH (CSE) Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology Murthal, Sonipat (Haryana), June 2011

5. Wireless Networks Division

6. Ad-Hoc Routing protocols Ad-Hoc Routing Protocols Table Driven On-demand Driven WRP DSDV CGSR AODV DSR LMR ABR TORA LSR Direct Descendants Logical Descendants Proactive Reactive

10. Routing table of Node A in this network is A B C Destination Next Hop Number of Hops Sequence Number Install Time A A 0 A 46 001000 B B 1 B 36 001200 C B 2 C 28 001500

23. 1 2 3 5 7 8 4 6 1 2 3 5 7 8 4 Propagation of Route Request (RREQ) packet 6 Path taken by the Route Reply (RREP) packet Route Discovery in AODV :

24. Protocol Messaging S 1 2 D Hello RREQ RREP Data RERR

27. Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) The two major phases of the protocol are : 1. Route discovery 2. Route maintenance

30. DSR – Route Request S A G C F D B E S S-B S-B-E S-A S S-A-G S-A-G-F S-B S-B-C S-B-C RouteRequest Dropped

31. DSR – Route Reply S A G C F D B E S-B-E-D S-B-E-D S-B-E-D S-A-G-F-D S-A-G-F-D S-A-G-F-D S-A-G-F-D S-B-E-D S-A-G-F-D

33. DSR - Route Maintenance S A G C F D B E RouteError RouteError S-B-E-D S-A-G-F-D

40. Illustration of TORA height metric Source Destination H = 0 H = 1 H = 2 H = 3

41. Route Creation of TORA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 s s d d Propagation of QRY (reference level, height) Height of each node updated by UPD (-,-) (-,-) (-,-) (-,-) (-,-) (-,-) (0,0) (-,-) (0,3) (0,3) (0,3) (0,2) (0,1) (0,0) (0,1) (0,2)

42. C A B E G (DEST) F H D QRY Route Creation of TORA QRY QRY UPD QRY QRY UPD UPD UPD UPD UPD UPD

43. Route maintenance C A B E F D UPD X UPD G (DEST) H