Describe how coding/noncoding dna content makes up the human genome and describe the
mechanism that has given rise to gene duplications and enable genome mobility
Solution
DNA is double Helical structure.It is hereditary material which contains all our genes
The human genome of homo sapiens is stored in 23 chromosome pairs
The Human genome project which is international scientific research project states that coding
DNA are those which can be translated into protein.They occupy very insignificant portion of
genome which is less than 2%
Non coding DNA are those that do not encode protein sequences and some of them are
transcribed to RNA.They make up the majority of the portion of genome which is abount 98%
Duplication in any of the region of DNA which contains a gene is called gene Duplication
Mechanism:Polyploidy-Increase in the number of chromosomes results in polyploidy.Eukaryotic
cells are haploid(2n) while sex cells are diploid(each containing 1n).A cell with 3n or more is
polyploid
Aneuploidy-It occurs when abnormal no of chromosomes are formed due to disjunction at one
chromosome.It results in miscarriages
Replication Slippage-It is an error in DNA replication that results in DNA of short sequences
Ectopic Recombination-Unequal crossover that occurs during meiosis between misaligned
homologous chromosomes
Mobile Genetic elements are the materials whcih can move around the DNA within the genome
Example:Transposons,Insertion sequences,Plasmids.
Describe how codingnoncoding dna content makes up the human genome .pdf
1. Describe how coding/noncoding dna content makes up the human genome and describe the
mechanism that has given rise to gene duplications and enable genome mobility
Solution
DNA is double Helical structure.It is hereditary material which contains all our genes
The human genome of homo sapiens is stored in 23 chromosome pairs
The Human genome project which is international scientific research project states that coding
DNA are those which can be translated into protein.They occupy very insignificant portion of
genome which is less than 2%
Non coding DNA are those that do not encode protein sequences and some of them are
transcribed to RNA.They make up the majority of the portion of genome which is abount 98%
Duplication in any of the region of DNA which contains a gene is called gene Duplication
Mechanism:Polyploidy-Increase in the number of chromosomes results in polyploidy.Eukaryotic
cells are haploid(2n) while sex cells are diploid(each containing 1n).A cell with 3n or more is
polyploid
Aneuploidy-It occurs when abnormal no of chromosomes are formed due to disjunction at one
chromosome.It results in miscarriages
Replication Slippage-It is an error in DNA replication that results in DNA of short sequences
Ectopic Recombination-Unequal crossover that occurs during meiosis between misaligned
homologous chromosomes
Mobile Genetic elements are the materials whcih can move around the DNA within the genome
Example:Transposons,Insertion sequences,Plasmids
