here is introduction about surveying course

1. INTRODUCTION
Dr. Mahmood Arshad
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Mining Engineering,
Faculty of Earth Sciences and
Engineering,
University of Engineering & Technology,
Lahore.
smarshad@uet.edu.pk
Min-E-240 Surveying
Lecture 1 – January 23, 2019

2. DEFINITION
 Surveying (geomatics) has traditionally been defined as:
The science, art, and technology of
 determining the relative positions of points
 above,
 on, or
 beneath the Earth’s surface,
 or of establishing such points.

3. Surveyor
 International Federation of Surveyors:
A surveyor is a professional person with
the academic qualifications and technical
expertise to conduct one, or more, of the
following activities:
 to determine, measure and represent the
land, three-dimensional objects, point-
fields, and trajectories;
 to assemble and interpret land and
geographically related information;
 to use that information for the planning
and efficient administration of the land,
the sea and any structures thereon; and
 to conduct research into the above
practices and to develop them.

4. GEOMATICS
 Why this name?
 Technological Advancement
 Ground based methods vs automatic distances and angles
measurements, satellite surveying systems, aerial digital
imaging, and laser scanning systems.
 Manual vs computerized computations.
 Environmental Concerns

5. Why Surveying

6. HISTORY OF SURVEYING
 Egypt: Herodotus recorded Sesostris did plotting
 Greek: geometry, Heron authored The Dioptra, diopter
 Romans: Frontinus’ intruments groma, liella, chorobates
 13th Century: Von Viso wrote Practica Geometria
 Eratosthenes calculated radius of Earth
(a) The diopter, (b) the groma.

7. HISTORY OF SURVEYING – Cont’d
 18th and 19th century colonization.
 Increased land values and the importance of precise
boundaries
 The demand: canal, railroad, and turnpike eras.
 Modern Surveys.

8. Quick Sight
LEICA TPS 1100 total station instrument.
The IP-S2 3D mobile
mapping system.
LEICA HDS 3000 laser scanner.
Intergraph Image Station Z softcopy plotter.

10. GEODETIC AND PLANE SURVEYS
 In geodetic surveying, the curved surface of the Earth is
considered by performing the computations on an ellipsoid.
 Three-dimensional, Earth-centered, Earth-fixed (ECEF)
Cartesian coordinate system.
 Old vs New Technologies.
 In plane surveying, except for leveling, the reference base
for fieldwork and computations is assumed to be a flat
horizontal surface.
 On a line 1 km, the ellipsoid arc and chord lengths differ by
only about 0.00075 m. or 0.75 mm.

11. IMPORTANCE OF SURVEYING
 Map the Earth above and below sea level;
 Prepare navigational charts for use in the air, on land, and
at sea;
 Establish property boundaries of private and public lands;
 Develop data banks of land-use and natural resource
information that aid in managing our environment;
 Determine facts on the size, shape, gravity, and magnetic
fields of the earth; and
 Prepare charts of our moon and planets.

12. IMPORTANCE OF SURVEYING – Cont’d

13. SPECIALIZED TYPES OF SURVEYS
 Control surveys
 Topographic surveys
 Land, boundary, and cadastral surveys
 Hydrographic surveys
 Sea surveying
 Alignment surveys
 Construction surveys
 As-built surveys
 Mine surveys
 Solar surveys
 Optical tooling (a.k.a. industrial surveying or optical
alignment)
 Ground, aerial, and satellite surveys

14. SURVEYING SAFETY
 Fieldwork
 Determine the relative locations of points or
 To set out stakes in accordance with planned locations to
guide building and construction operations.
 Office work:
 Conducting research and analysis in preparing for surveys,
 Computing and processing the data obtained from field
measurements, and
 Preparing maps, plats, charts, reports, and other documents
according to client specifications.
 Dangers:
 Highways, construction zones, weather, wild animals,
snakes, insects, traffic, tools, etc.

15. Miscellaneous
 Land and Geographic Information Systems
 Federal Surveying and Mapping Agencies
 The Surveying Profession
 Professional Surveying Organizations
 Surveying on The Internet
 Future Challenges in Surveying