1. Arab Republic Of Egypt
Ministry of Petroleum Egypt
MIDOR Co.
Petroleum Field Services’
Surveying and Geomatics Engineering Department
Presented By : Mohamed Gamal Ramadan
*Student at Shoubra faculty of Engineering ,
Surveying and Geomatics Branch of Civil Eng.
Department
Supervising : chemical Eng. / Hala Sallam

2. Surveying science :-
Surveying or land surveying is the technique,
profession, and science of determining the terrestrial
or three-dimensional position of points and the
distances and angles between them. A land surveying
professional is called a land surveyor. These points
are usually on the surface of the Earth, and they are
often used to establish land maps and boundaries for
ownership, locations like building corners or the
surface location of subsurface features, or other
purposes required by government or civil law, such
as property sales.
Surveyors work with elements of geometry,
trigonometry, regression analysis, physics,
engineering, metrology, programming languages and
the law. They use equipment like total stations,
robotic total stations, GPS receivers, retroreflectors,
3D scanners, radios, handheld tablets, digital levels,
drones, GIS and surveying software.
Surveying has been an element in the development of
the human environment since the beginning of
recorded history. The planning and execution of
most forms of construction require it. It is also used
in transport, communications, mapping, and the
definition of legal boundaries for land ownership.

3. It is an important tool for research in many other
scientific disciplines.
The Relation Between surveying and petroleum
refinery is to Determine the earth's surface altitude
and thus helps calculates the necessary depth drilled
to reach the surface of the reservoir + calculate the
size of the reservoir and help him calculates the
economic returns of the reservoir oil investor.
Levelling related to drilling of pipelines :-
The simplest method for measuring height is with an
altimeter using air pressure to find height. When
more precise measurements are needed, means like
precise levels (also known as differential leveling) are
used. When precise leveling, a series of
measurements between two points are taken using an
instrument and a measuring rod. Differences in
height between the measurements are added and
subtracted in a series to get the net difference in
elevation between the two endpoints. With the
Global Positioning System (GPS), elevation can be
measured with satellite receivers. Usually GPS is
somewhat less accurate than traditional precise
leveling, but may be similar over long distances.

4. Determining Position :-
The primary way of determining one's position on
the earth's surface to drill for the pipelines when no
known positions are nearby is by astronomic
observations. Observations to the sun, moon and
stars could all be made using navigational
techniques. Once the instrument's position and
bearing to a star is determined, the bearing can be
transferred to a reference point on the earth. The
point can then be used as a base for further
observations. Survey-accurate astronomic positions
were difficult to observe and calculate and so tended
to be a base off which many other measurements
were made. Since the advent of the GPS system,
astronomic observations are rare as GPS allows
adequate positions to be determined over most of the
surface of the earth.
GPS and transportationof oil Products :-
GPS rule in transportation of oil in its pipelines is to
use the coordinate systems as Many surveys do not
calculate positions on the surface of the earth, but
instead measure the relative positions of objects.
However, often the surveyed items need to be
compared to outside data, such as boundary lines or
previous surveys objects.

5. The oldest way of describing a position is via latitude
and longitude, and often a height above sea level. As
the surveying profession grew it created Cartesian
coordinate systems to simplify the mathematics for
surveys over small parts of the earth. The simplest
coordinate systems assume that the earth is flat and
measure from an arbitrary point, known as a
'datum' (singular form of data). The coordinate
system allows easy calculation of the distances and
direction between objects over small areas. Large
areas distort due to the earth's curvature. North is
often defined as true north at the datum.
For larger regions, it is necessary to model the shape
of the earth using an ellipsoid or a geoid. Many
countries have created coordinate-grids customized
to lessen error in their area of the earth.
An Overview :-
Petroleum Field Services only puts
experienced “boots on the ground,” using
certified, professional land surveying field crews to
dig up historical evidence on section corner
retracement. New pipeline and well pad projects
are staked in innovative ways to safeguard crops
and the natural environment.
Our CAD technicians are skilled in drafting clean,
uncluttered plats and exhibits to clearly define the

6. details of your project and integrate data into our
custom GIS-based Petroleum Asset Manager
(PAM) for your direct access.
Accomplished and responsible Certified Federal
Surveyors and Professional Land Surveyors are in
charge of all projects throughout the Rocky
Mountain Region, from Texas to North Dakota. Our
full team of survey professionals can complete any
upstream or midstream land survey project,
including: section breakdown, routing, pipeline
staking, boundary delineation, property descriptions,
easements, pad design and layout, grading,
topographic surveys and ALTA surveys. We pride
ourselves on providing the fastest turnaround times
in the industry, along with the highest quality results.
Our goal at PFS is to continually strive to provide
the best land surveying solutions to support our
clients in the oil and gas industry. Whether they need
to stay on track or get caught up, our clients can
always count on PFS.