deforestation, causes of deforestation,types of forest in Pakistan,Conservation of forest, effect of deforestation on environment.

2. Rainforest depletion in Pakistan
• In 1990’s 4% of the total area of Pakistan was woody
and then it reduce to 2.2% by 2010.
• About 30% of the world land is covered with forest
and Pakistan contributes a little to it.
• Pakistan is the country with highest rate of
deforestation in Asia.

4. Types of forest in Pakistan
• Himalayan drytemperate forest
• Himalayan moist temperate forest
• Sub tropical broad leaved evergreen
• Littoral & swamps forests
• The sub-tropical dry forests
• The tropical thorn forests
• Tropical dry deciduous forest
• Sub alpine forests
• Sub tropical pine forest
• Alpine scrubs

5. Himalayan moist temperate forest
• This forest cover 8,63,693acres in the district
Kohistan.
• District Mansehra 5,07,281 in Hazara division
• Both evergreen & broad-leaved deciduous species.
• These forests occur between 1500 m and 3000 m
elevation in the Western Himalayas.

6. Dry temperate forest
• Including the whole of Gilgit and parts of
Chitral and the Nilam and Khaghan valleys
• also on the higher parts of the Sulwiman
Range to the north-west including Takhti-
Suleman, and Ziarat.
• ,

7. Sub tropical broad leaved evergreen
• are distributed in the foothills and lower
slopes of the Himalayas, the Salt Range ,
Kalachitta, the Suleiman.
• Grazing and browsing is very heavy.

8. Littoral and Swamp forests
• Occur in the Arabian sea around the coast of Karachi
and Pasni in Balochistan.
• The main species is Avicennia marina (99%). Other
species like Rhizophora have disappeared over a
period of time due to heavy cutting.

9. Rainforest Depletion in
PAKISTAN

10. Rainforest depletion
• Rainforests have been subjected to heavy logging and
agricultural clearance
• throughout the 20th century and the area covered by
rainforests around the world is shrinking.

11. Humans are the main cause of
rainforest destruction. We are
cutting down rainforests for many
reasons including:
 wood for both timber and making
fires
 Agriculture
 Urbanization
 Industrialization
 Building of Roads
 pulp for making papers
 Overgrazing
 road construction
 Corruption of government

12. THE DRIVING FORCES OF
DESTRUCTION

13. Logging
• Cutting of trees wood and other timber for furniture
building materials, charcoal, and other wood products
is big business and big profits.
• There is a wide gap in the production and
consumption of wood.
• In 1993, the consumption of wood was 29.5 million
cubic meters whereas in the year 2017 it is projected
to go up by 52.6 million cubic meters.
• At present, Pakistan is producing only 14 million
cubic meter of wood.

14. Corruption of government
institutions
 The ban imposed by the
government on cutting trees
has not prevented the timber
mafia from their activities
Because of political
interference, theft &
corruption.
The timber traders are using all
possible means to smuggle
wood for short-lived gains.

15. Poverty
 The government has failed to eradicate
poverty in forest areas.
forestry systems in the (NWFP) shows that
poverty is one of the main factors of
deforestation.
In the absence of gas and electricity or the
availability of renewable sources of energy at
affordable rates, wood is the only source of
energy for communities in hilly areas.

16. CONTI…….
• An evidence obtained from Balakot,
• sub division of North Western Frontier
Province shows that more than 80% of
the population is living below the poverty
line.

17. Urbanization
• Converted forests into
cities.
• Almost 32 % people of
Pakistan live in urban areas
and if the current growth
rate of urbanization is kept
• Pakistan’s urban
population will surpass the
rural one by 2030.
Urbanization

18. Fuel Wood and the Paper Industry
• wood also use in developing countries for fuel
wood and charcoal.
• Pulpwood also use in paper industry

19. Grazing Land
• Overgrazing of land by cattle, sheep and goats
have converted subtropical and tropical thorn
forest areas into desert.
• which may prevent the growth of young trees

20. Farming
• Not whole forest land is suitable for
agriculture.
• Because of the infertility of the soil and the
lack of knowledge of cultivation,
• farmers continue to move farther into the
rainforest in search of new land.
• They continually clear rainforest in search of
fresh fertile land.

21. why should we care about
deforestation?

22. Effects of Deforestation on
environment
• Deforestation effect not only nearby
ecosystems but also communities of
interacting organisms and their
environment.
• The most dramatic impact is a loss of
habitat for millions of species.
• Decrease in natural beauty

23. GLOBAL WARMING
• Trees also play a critical
role in absorbing the
greenhouse gases that
fuel global warming.
• When we cut trees they
release CO2.
• Store in environment.
• Climate change
• Temperature increase.
• glaciers are melting

24. Loss of habitat
• Forests are among the most biologically
diverse ecosystems on the planet.
• Most times when timber is harvested trees and
other plants that have evolved over centuries to
grow in the dark humid environment.
• Simply cannot live out in the open and as a
result the plants and animals of the original
forest become extinct .

25. Conti…….
• 4 to 6 thousand rain forest species go extinct
each year.
• Effect people that rely on forest

26. SOIL EROSION
• Loss of forests often results in increased flooding
and erosion of sediment into rivers, disrupting
river ecosystems.
• Forests contain particularly rich soil that has
received organic material & nutrients .
• During heavy rains, the dry soil is washed away
due to lack of root structures in the ground.

27. Increase flooding in Pakistan
• In 2010-2013 flooding is increase
• Due to the lake of tree cover
• Soil erosion

29. Five Basic Steps to Saving Rainforests
• Teach others about the importance of the
environment and how they can help save
rainforests.
• Restore damaged ecosystems by planting trees on
land where forests have been cut down.
• Encourage people to live in a way that doesn't
hurt the environment.
• Establish parks to protect rainforests and wildlife.
• Support companies that operate in ways that
minimize damage to the environment.