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Forests of Pakistan
- 1. Forests of Pakistan Muhammad Ibrahim Student of Nanjing Forestry University ibrahimdagi2017@gmail.com
- 2. Table of Contents • Forests • Types of Forests (in Pakistan) • Deforestation in Pakistan ( Causes, Effects and solution) • Afforestation in Pakistan.
- 3. Forests • Forests are extensive, continuous areas of land dominated by trees. The desired level of forests is 20-30 percent of the total area of a country. In Pakistan only about 4.8 % of the total area is forested. There are two types of forests in Pakistan. • Productive Forests • Protection Forests • Productive Forests: These are mainly natural forests and have high tree densities. Such forests have great commercial value and are mainly used for extraction of timber and other products. • Protection Forests: These forests are mainly planted by people. They include planting along roads, in parks and along railway lines. Protection forests have little commercial values as they do not provide valuable species of wood. There main function is to prevent soil erosion.
- 4. These forest are called alpine because they grow in conditions similar to those in the Alps, a mountain range in Europe.. Trees with stunted growth, due to low temperature and less sunlight. • Normally upward branches to attain maximum sunlight. • Essential to obtain fuel wood only. • Not economically important
- 6. Locatedin • Chitral, • Swat • Shangal
- 7. •Tropical Thorn Forests: • The tropical thorn forests are dominated by xerophytic scrubs. They are most widespread in the Punjab plains but also occupy small areas in southern Sindh and western Balochistan. They are mainly used for grazing purposes, watershed protection and fuelwood. • .
- 8. Importance • Low heighted (6-10 meters) • Thorny hardwood • Deep roots • scanty vegetation
- 9. Location • Sindh • plains of Punjab • western of Baluchistan
- 10. Evergreen forests. Conical in shape, slopingbranches which prevent snow accumulation, small thick leathery, needle like leaves to prevent loss ofwater . Important source of timber Conserving center for birds and wildlife Small thick lathery leaves
- 11. Locatedin • Northern Areas • Pakhtoonkhwa • Murree • Balochistan mountains.
- 12. Sub-Tropical Scrub Forest: Commonly these are known as scrub forests. These forest consist of branchy trees forming a canopy if complete closure or scattered trees with a shrub growth. • These trees and shrubs are mostly thorny and evergreen, but some ,like olive and pomegranate are not thorny. • They are used for grazing purposes and for supplying firewood.
- 14. • Gujrat • Margalla Hills • Attock • Malakand.
- 15. Mangroveforest : Mangroves are slat tolerant bush type trees which grow in inter-tidal zones of tropical and subtropical areas, river deltas and along the coasts. • Mangroves forests of Pakistan in Indus delta and along Arabian Sea coastal areas, as per estimates, are some 129,000 hectors in the Indus delta and over 3,000 hectors in Gwadar bay areas.
- 16. Importance • Firewood • Timber • Absorb shock waves • Livestock • Protects from costal erosion
- 19. Riverineforests
- 20. Riverain Forest
- 21. Importance Wooden furniture Timber • Wooden Furniture • Timber • Economically important • Good commercials value
- 22. Location Mainly found along with Indus river and its tributaries
- 23. Irrigatedforest These are man made forests. They include plantation along roads, in parks and along railway lines.
- 24. Firewood Timber Importance • Economically important • Firewood • Timber • Shade
- 25. Location • Changa Manga, • Chicha Watni • Near Guddu barrages
- 26. Deforestation inPakistan Clearing of forest land is called deforestation. Pakistan is not self-sufficient in wood based products and spends billions of rupees on import of wood and wood based products. Pakistan’s forest resources are shrinking at a rate of one percent which will have dreadful effects on the people of Pakistan.
- 27. Causes of Deforestation • Clearing of land • Urbanization • Building of Roads • Industrialization • Overgrazing
- 28. Clearing ofland construction of: • Dams • barrages • Supply of water to crops Clearing of land
- 29. Urbanization • Growth of population • Lack of land for urban areas • Need of land for business
- 30. Building of roads in order to have access to the far flung areas has also caused deforestation.
- 31. Industrializat The increase in demand of industries has also caused deforestation as most of the industries require wood as their fuel.
- 32. Overgrazing of land by cattles, sheeps and goats have converted subtropical, and tropical thorn forest areas into deserts.
- 33. • Climate Imbalance • Increase in Global Warming • Soil Erosion • Floods • Wildlife Extinction Effectsof Deforestation
- 34. Climate Imbalance Trees also provide the required shade that keeps the soil moist. Flora & fauna across the world are accustomed to their habitat. This haphazard clearance of forests has forced several of these animals to shift from their native environment. Due to this several species are finding it difficult to survive or adapt to new habitats.
- 35. Increase in Global Warming Trees play a major role in controlling global warming . The trees utilize the greenhouse gases, restoring the balance in the atmosphere. With constant deforestation the ratio of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased, adding to our global warming woes.
- 36. Soil Erosion Also due to the shade of trees the soil remains moist. With the clearance of tree cover, the soil is directly exposed to the sun, making it dry.
- 37. Floods When it rains, trees absorb and store large amount of water with the help of their roots. When they are cut down, the flow of water is disrupted and leads to floods in some areas and droughts in other.
- 38. Wildlife Extinction Due to massive felling down of trees, various species of animals are lost. They lose their habitat and forced to move to new location. Some of them are even pushed to extinction.
- 40. The Billion Tree Afforestation Project in Pakistan’s northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province was launched in 2014. It surpassed its target by restoring and planting trees in 350,000 hectares of degraded forest landscapes. Trees have been planted over 209,008 hectors. Sowing of new trees have been done on 23,096 hectors. Protected enclosures have been set on 4,509 hectors and 153.51 million trees have been distributed free of cost.