Prepared for seminar presentation

1. ATHIRA RAJAN
NATURAL SCIENCE
MTTC, PTPM.

2. MANUSCRIPT MAGAZINES
A manuscript magazine is a document written by hands
which are opposed to being printed or reproduced in some
other way. Before the arrival of printing all documents and
books were manuscripts.
Manuscripts are not defined by their contents which may
combine writing with mathematical calculations, maps,
explanatory figure or illustrations.

4. PARTS OF MANUSCRIPT
Cover
Fly leaf
Illustrations
Shell mark or signature in holding library
Deletion methods Collation
Headers and Footers Quires
Page Formats Paper
Owner Signature Ink
Dedications Page numeration
Censor signature

5. TYPES OF MANUSCRIPTS
Diaries
Incoming& copies of outgoing letters
School Papers
Notebooks
Account Books
Press Clippings
Autograph

6. FIELDTRIPANDEXCURSION
An excursion is a trip by a group of people, usually made
for leisure, education, or physical purposes. It is often an
adjunct to a longer journey or visit to a place, sometimes for
other purposes.
Short excursions for education or for observations of
natural phenomena are called field trips. One-day
educational field studies are often made by classes as
extracurricular exercises, e.g. to visit a natural or
geographical feature

7. ADVANTAGESOF FIELDTRIP AND EXCURSIONS
1. Helps to clarify the subject matter.
2. Creates Interest.
3. Establishes contact with outer world.
4. Provide Entertainment.
5. Developed scientific attitude.
6. Helps in the collection of useful material.
7. Generates spirit of cooperation.
8. Provide opportunity for the selection of projects.

8. dISADVANTAGES OF FIELDTRIP AND EXCURSIONS
1. Preparation.
2. Affordability.
3. Transportation Cost.
4. Medical Risks.

9. STEPSIN PLANNING A FIELDTRIP/ EXCURSIONS
i. Determining the educational goals for this trip.
ii. Select a location and find out when they accept
school group.
iii. Obtain your school board’s standardized letters for
parental permission as well as the standard trip
planning package.
iv. Talk to the principal and get permission to go.
v. Contact the trip site and make or finalize your
reservations for the group.
vi. Integrate the trip into the classroom program.

10. vii. Review safety and bus etiquette.
vii. Send a letter to home.
ix. Keep careful recordings according to your school’s
requirements.
x. Make alternate arrangements for the students who
do not go on the trip.
xi. Recruit parent volunteers, family members and
friends to meet the pupil-teacher requirements of the
Board of Education for out of class activities.
xii. Take careful attendance on the day of the trip.
xiii. Remind the students of the expectations for the
trip, and for their behaviour.

11. COMMUNITY AWARENESS PROGRAMME
Community awareness is a process of developing a
world population that is aware of and concerned about
the total environment and its associated problems,
various diseases, nutritional problems etc and which has
the knowledge, skills, attitudes, motivation and
commitment to work individually and collectively
towards solution of current problems and the prevention
of new ones.
Eradication of diseases, Natural Resources, Increase in
food production, Better nutrition etc are various
awareness programmes. It helps in developing positive
attitudes and effective skills.

13. LIVING CORNERS
Living corners are areas where some animals and plants
are grown and reared.
Aquarium, Vivarium and Terrarium are some examples
for living corners.
It helps the pupil to develop skill in observation, interest
in plants etc.
It also provides the pupil with a realistic representation
of natural ecosystem.

14. PISCICULTURE(FISH FARMING)
Pisciculture is the scientific method whereby fishes are
grown and cultivated in ponds, lakes, brakish water and
sea water.
It involves raising fish commercially in tanks or
enclosures usually for food.
The most important fish species used in pisciculture are
Carp, Tilapia, Salmon and Catfish.
SIGNIFICANCE
•Helps to cultivate fish stocks.
• It is an eco-friendly method.

15. SIGNIFICANCE OF LIVING CORNERS
SIGNIFICANCE OF AQUARIUM- Aquarium is a small pond
arranged in a room which provides opportunities for the unlimited
amount of spontaneous, undirected observation. The
interdependence of plants and animals, locomotion, respiration etc
of fish can be learned from aquarium.
SIGNIFICANCE OF TERRARIUM- Terrarium is a live corner for
rearing creatures living on the surface and below the surface of the
earth. Usually earth worms, frogs, snails, and soil insects are reared.
SIGNIFICANCE OF VIVARIUM- Vivarium is a live corner arranged
in school or at home where creatures living in the air are grown and
reared. It provides opportunity for an unlimited amount
of spontaneous, undirected observation and enjoyment.

17. DIFFERENT TYPES OF GARDEN
VEGETABLE GARDEN: An area dedicated to the cultivation of edible
plants. Most vegetable plants are annual in nature or grown as
such, but there are some perennials .The vegetable garden can vary
from strictly utilitarian to highly ornamental.
ORNAMENTAL GARDEN: Ornamental plants are plants that are
grown for decorative purposes in gardens and landscape design
projects, as houseplants, for cut flowers and specimen display. The
cultivation of these, called floriculture, forms a major branch of
horticulture.
HERBAL GARDEN: Herbal are specially designed areas with plants
that have medicinal values. Medicinal plants consider as a rich
source of ingredients which can be used in drug development and
synthesis.