Honor Definition Essay

Honor Definition Essay
The definition of honor is high respect; esteem. My view of honor is someone that has sacrificed
something, someone that has done something for someone and expects nothing in return. Someone
who has or is changing the way we live for the better. The scientist I chose is Ernest Rutherford.
Most People know him as "The Father of Nuclear Physics." At age 10, he constructed his first
science experiment, which was building a mini cannon, which earned his scholarship in 1887 to
attend Nelson Collegiate School. In 1890, he received a scholar ship to attend Canterbury College in
New Zealand, where he received his Bachelor and Master of Arts Degree. In 1894, he researched the
ability of high frequency electrical discharge to magnetize iron which ... Show more content on
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Also while he was there, he was invited by Professor J.J Thomason to study the conductivity of
gases, resulting in a paper about dividing atoms and molecules into ions. This lead Rutherford on to
taking a closer look at ion–producing radiations and he discovered that putting uranium near foil
will result in one type of radiation being easily soaked up or blocked, while another type had no
problem penetrating the same foil. Then, he labeled the two radiation types "alpha" and "beta." He
then found out that the alpha particle was the same as the nucleus of the helium atom, and the beta
was the same as an electron or composition. He took a professorship at McGill University of
Montreal and left Cambridge in 1902. In 1903, he and Fredrick Soddy introduced their
disintegration theory of radioactivity, and it claimed that radioactive energy was emitted from within
an atom and that when alpha and beta particles were emitted at the same time they caused a
chemical change across elements. Rutherford and Bertam Borden Boltwood, continued to categorize
radioactive elements into what they called a "decay series." Rutherford was honored with
discovering the radioactive gas radon while at McGill. He achieved fame for his contributions to
understanding of radioelements, and published many magazine
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Questions and Answers on Ernest Rutherford Essay
What school did Ernest Rutherford go to? How far did he go in his education? Why?
Ernest received his early education in Government schools. At the age of 16 he showed great talent
so entered Nelson Collegiate School. In 1889 he was awarded a University scholarship to the
University of New Zealand, Wellington. 1894, he was awarded an 1851 Exhibition Science
Scholarship, enabling him to go to Trinity College, Cambridge. It is believed that Ernest received
more scholarships that any other chemist.
Who were Ernest's family? What did they do?
Ernest was born August 30, 1871, in New Zealand he was the 4th child in a family of 7 sons and 5
daughters. His Father James Rutherford, a Scottish wheelwright immigrated to New Zealand with
his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Alpha particles are emitted at high speed by some radioactive materials. Rutherford bombarded the
gold foil with alpha particles which proved that particles weren't indivisible. Alpha particles have a
positive electric charge and they are much more massive than the electron.
What version of the atom did Ernest discover to be true? How does it compare to today's
understanding?
Ernest was forced to discard JJ Thomson's Plum Pudding model, he reasoned that the mass of an
atom was concentrated in a nucleus. He thus developed the model of the atom which put all the
protons in the nucleus and the electrons orbited around the nucleus like planets around the sun. The
only difference with today's model is that electrons are now thought to be in electron clouds not in
specific orbits.
Which scientists model was before Ernest's? How do they compare?
JJ Thompson's plum–pudding model was just before Ernest's model. It states that atoms are made of
electrons and unknown positively charged particles. These particles are randomly placed inside of
the atom. Rutherford's model states that atoms contain protons in a very small space inside the atom.
Most of the atom is empty and the electrons orbit around the nucleus like the planets orbit around
the sun.
What did ernest contribute to the structure of the atom?

Through Rutherford's gold foil experiment, Ernest discovered the nucleus of the atom.

The Atomic Structure Experiment
Integrated Physics and Chemistry – Unit 2: The Structure of Matter
Experiment: Atomic Structure
In this experiment, you will have a chance to test the hypothesis that Ernest Rutherford used when
determining the size of the nucleus. In his "gold foil experiment," Rutherford shot alpha particles at
gold atoms. Once he realized that the alpha particles were hitting a concentrated positive mass, he
developed the nuclear model of the atom. Next, he set out to determine the relative size of the
nucleus compared to the rest of the atom. He reasoned that the smaller the nucleus, the less likely it
was to be hit by an alpha particle. This led to a simple comparative ratio:
It took a great number of shots to actually hit the nucleus because the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Data: List all observations and measurements including proper labels.
Record your data.
Length of box 20.75 in.
Width of box 14.25 in.
Height of box 12 in.
Length of block 2.5 in.
Width of block 1 in.
Height of block 1 in.
Number of hits on the block 2
Total number of shots 100
Calculations/Interpretations:
I multiplied the length, the width, and the height

Ernest Rutherford Research Paper
Ernest Rutherford was born on August 30, 1871, in Nelson, New Zealand. His Mother believed
strongly in education so despite his poor upbringing in 1887 he got a scholarship at attend Nelson
Collegiate School which was a private secondary school. Following that he earned a scholarship to
Canterbury College where he earned a bachelor of arts degree, a masters in arts degree and a
bachelor of science degree. In 1898 he left to take up a post in Canada. It was at this time that he
married Mary Georgina Newton in 1900. While he worked as a professor at McGill University he
made his first major discovery. He discovered that heavy elements decay into somewhat lighter
elements which has led to important processes still used today such as carbon dating. He also wrote
a highly regarded textbook on radioactivity. In 1907 he transferred to University of Manchester
where he made his next groundbreaking discovery. He discovered using alpha particles and a gold
foil that the vast majority of an atoms mass is concentrated in a nucleus. This changed our
understanding of the atomic structure and caused advances in nuclear physics and helped lead to the
discovery of the nuclear bomb, shaping history. In 1908 he won the nobel prize in chemistry for
"investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances
(Nobel citation)" 1. In 1914 he was knighted and during world war 1 his research was redirected to
antisubmarine research. In 1919 he discovered how to artificially create a nuclear reaction in a stable
element. On October 19th, 1937 he died at age 66 in Cambridge. ... Show more content on
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He started his research by experimenting with high frequency alternating currents. From there he
created a device capable of

The Contributions Of Ernest Rutherford And The Gold Foil...
Ernest Rutherford was born in New Zealand and died in Britain, however during his life he worked
McGill University in Canada ("Ernest Rutherford – Biographical", 2014). During Rutherford's life
he made significant contributions to Science; in 1998 when studying Uranium he discovered Alpha
and Beta radiation ("Ernest Rutherford: Father of nuclear science", n.d.). In 1903, Rutherford saw
that a French chemist, Paul Villard, had discovered a new type of radiation coming from radium,
upon discerning that this new radiation was different then the ones he had already discovered due to
its greater penetrating power, Rutherford named it Gamma radiation ("Ernest Rutherford", 2017).
Using his previously found out types of radiation, he discovered the concept of half–life, how long it
takes for a sample of an element to decay to half its size. However, the most infamous experiment
he did, was the Gold Foil Experiment. In 1910, in order to confirm JJ Thomson's model on an atom
Ernest Rutherford conducted an experiment along with Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden where a
thin piece of gold was bombarded with Alpha particles, while most went through (meaning that an
atom is mostly empty space), some were deflected, and a few even bounced backwards. This led to
the discovery of the neutron, a positively charged area of the atom which was responsible for Alpha
particles being deflected and bouncing back. With this new information disproving JJ Thomson's
model, Rutherford created a new atomic

The Ten Most Beautiful Experiments Summary
The Ten Most Beautiful Experiments
By George Johnson
City, state: The vintage Books Edition, 2009. ISBN: 978–1–4000–3423–9
Reviewed by Lucy Blay
Lucy Blay
Georgia Gwinnett College
Lawrenceville, Ga 30043 lblay@ggc.edu The Ten Most Beautiful Experiments covers the most
captivating experiences that have shown an enormous impact on modern science today. Johnson
brings these experiments to life by taking his readers on scientific trip. The book featured scientist
such as Galileo, Isaac Newton, Ivan Pavlov, William Harvey, and Luigi Galvani. And these are a few
from Johnson selection.
The first chapter introduces Galileo as someone who wanted to understand how things moved
around us. Galileo experiment involved balls. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pavlov was a well–known surgeon in Europe. In his early years he wanted to become a priest but
discovered Charles Darwin whom changed his life. With his new calling in science, Pavlov began to
work with animals especially dogs. He was fascinated by dogs and even gave them names. Johnson
states that Pavlov felt the need to save the dogs from being slaughter for foods or hunted for
personal reasons. In his most remarkable experiment, Pavlov used a bell to train the dogs to salivate.
Naturally, dogs salivate when they eat to help them swallow food. This is known as the
unconditioned response because it is happening automatically. A few trials later, the dog associates
the ringing bell with food. This is known as the conditioned stimulus because the dog finally learned
to associate the ring of the bell with food. Unconditioned stimulus happens when the dog salivates
from eating. From now on every time the bell rings, the dog thought it was going to get food
because that is what the dog has become used to. Immediately, the dog begins salivating by just
hearing the ringing bell whether the dog saw any food or not. This is called a conditioned response,
because the dog salivates by learning to associate the bell ringing with food. Pavlov simply studied
reflexes, automatic behavior that is caused by a stimulus from the environment. According to
Johnson, during the experiment Pavlov rarely used the bell. Later in his life, Pavlov was giving an
album with all the photographs of his dogs by his students. Also in 1935, he was honored with a
statue called a monument to a dog. On top of the statue there was a water fountain which symbolizes
the dog

The Life and Work of Ernest Rughterford
''All science is either physics or stamp collecting .'' Ernest Rutherford was born on August 30th in
1871 with an umbilical hernia(that later killed him). He was the fourth child of twelve and the
second son of seven boys and five girls. He started school when he was ten because his family was
so poor. Later he got into good schools and became a great teacher. He won multiple awards for his
chemistry experiments because he was the first person to artificially break an element. I chose
Ernest Rutherford because he found out lots of things about science and he is a very interesting man.
He found out that atoms are not independent; they are controlled by something else, a nucleus. Also
he split an atom in 1917 discovering that atoms are made up of more than one part. The element
Rutherfordium was named in his honor. Since money was tight, Rutherford found good ways of
overcoming his family's money challenges," By making family friendly inventions. At the age of
ten, Rutherford was handed his first science book at Fox Hill School. It was a great experience for
Rutherford, that the book inspired his very first scientific experiment. The young Rutherford built a
miniature cannon, which, to his family's surprise, unexpectedly exploded. After the result,
Rutherford's interest in academics remained weak.
When Ernest was growing up in New Zealand his family was very poor. His father, James, was
struggling to support the big family on a flax–miller salary. He was also a

Who Is Ernest Rutherford?
Ernest Rutherford is one of the most renown scientists in history. He is the Einstein of atoms. Born
as a native New Zealander was one of twelve children born to James Rutherford and Martha
Thompson. His interest in science started when he was just ten years old. At this age, he has read his
first science book and performed the first of his experiments. With age, his intelligence only grew
and he even got a full scholarship to Nelson College for high school. He graduated from Canterbury
College with bachelor degrees in Chemistry and Mathematics. After earning his degrees, he went on
to study abroad at the University of Cambridge and studied under J. J. Thomas.
Ernest Rutherford is famous for many things. One of the most important discoveries he made was
that of alpha and beta radiation. He began studying the radiation given off by uranium and noticed
there were two different types. He called them Alpha and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
He began this discovery when he was experimenting with gold foil. He noticed that the alpha
particles were being deflected as they were going through so he sought out to find the reason behind
this. He used radon to streamline the alpha particles into the gold foil and he recorded where they
ended up electrically. Through the results he gained from this, he described a more accurate version
of the atom. Along with this experiment, he also discovered nuclear reactions, he discovered the
proton, and he also predicted the existence of the neutron.
On October nineteenth, 1937, Ernest Rutherford died of intestinal paralysis. Throughout his life, he
had conducted many significant experiments. He is truly one of the most important figures in the
world of chemistry. Without him, much of what we know of today would be lost. He was a brilliant
man and will always be regarded as, scientifically, one of the most brilliant and influential men who
has ever

Ernest Rutherford Dbq
From the start of time men and women have expanded on the theory of matter and atoms. Going
from Leucippus and Democritus to Ernest Rutherford the theory has expanded on influences of
others experiments. It started before Jesus Christ was born. The structure of the atom and the atom
has changed over a long period of time. Leucippus and Democritus discovered the atom(doc. 1).
Ernest Rutherford split the atom and discovered that the atom is made of smaller particles and that
atoms have a positively charged nucleus and largely empty space(doc. 1). Without Leucippus and
Democritus, no one could expand on the idea of the atom and without Rutherford no one would
have thought of the nucleus and what is inside the atom(doc. 1). Atoms are so small

Atomic Structure Timeline
Sophia Vines Professor Guidi General Chemistry I July 24, 2017 Atomic Structure Timeline 400 BC
– Democritus: First scientist to suggest that all matter is composed of small, indivisible particles
called atoms Different atoms are different sizes Different atoms have different properties 1803 –
John Dalton: Posed the Solid Sphere Model/ Billiard Ball Model Dalton's Atomic Theory: All matter
is composed of extremely small particles called atoms All atoms of a given element are identical,
having the same size, mass and chemical properties All atoms of different elements are different
Atoms cannot be created, divided into smaller particles or destroyed Atoms combine in definite
whole number ratios to make compounds 1886 – Eugen Goldstein: Performed

Sodium: One Of The Most Fascinating Elements On The...
Sodium is one of the most well known and abundant yet fascinating elements on the periodic table.
Sodium was given its name after a chemist who electrolytically produced a heretofore unknown
element from molten soda. This gave him the new element that he named sodium after the word
soda which is the collective name for several forms of sodium carbonate. The word "soda" likely
came from the Arabic word "suda" which means headache. This element has eleven protons, eleven
neutrons, and no electrons. This gives it an atomic number of eleven and an atomic mass of
22.989768. Sodium is a metal which means that it is an effective conductor of electricity as well as
heat. Compounds of sodium had been known off and used extensively throughout ancient times but
sodium as its own element was not discovered until 1807. The man who discovered it was an
English chemist named ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These areas include the Earth's crust, which is about three percent sodium, the ocean, where eighty
percent of the material dissolved in it is sodium chloride, and in evaporated prehistoric seas and
mineral deposits. In the early 1900s, an American chemist named Hamilton Young Castner
developed the Castner process to commercially produce and isolate sodium from compounds such
as sodium chloride. It was a modification of Davy's process to allow more to be produced. Sodium
is a one of the most abundant elements on planet and it is most commonly found in salt or as sodium
chloride. Sodium has just one naturally occurring isotope called sodium–23. However, there are six
radioactive isotopes that are known of. The most common and most used of these six are sodium–22
and sodium–24. They are used in the medical field as well as in things like pipes to detect when oil
is leaking. Other uses of sodium are in power plants as a heat exchange medium, in light bulbs
because of its yellow flame, and in artificial rubber. The most common use is in salt as a flavor

A Streetcar Named Desire: the Importance of Being Earnest
The Importance of being earnest
Themes
Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work.
The Nature of Marriage
Marriage is of paramount importance in The Importance of Being Earnest, both as a primary force
motivating the plot and as a subject for philosophical speculation and debate. The question of the
nature of marriage appears for the first time in the opening dialogue between Algernon and his
butler, Lane, and from this point on the subject never disappears for very long. Algernon and Jack
discuss the nature of marriage when they dispute briefly about whether a marriage proposal is a
matter of "business" or "pleasure," and Lady Bracknell touches on the issue when she states, "An
engagement should ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In some ways, Algernon, not Jack, is the play's real hero. Not only is Algernon like Wilde in his
dandified, exquisite wit, tastes, and priorities, but he also resembles Wilde to the extent that his
fictions and inventions resemble those of an artist.
The Importance of Not Being "Earnest"
Earnestness, which implies seriousness or sincerity, is the great enemy of morality in The
Importance of Being Earnest. Earnestness can take many forms, including boringness, solemnity,
pomposity, complacency, smugness, self–righteousness, and sense of duty, all of which Wilde saw
as hallmarks of the Victorian character. When characters in the play use the word serious, they tend
to mean "trivial," and vice versa. For example, Algernon thinks it "shallow" for people not to be
"serious" about meals, and Gwendolen believes, "In matters of grave importance, style, not sincerity
is the vital thing."
For Wilde, the word earnest comprised two different but related ideas: the notion of false truth and
the notion of false morality, or moralism. The moralism of Victorian society–its smugness and
pomposity–impels Algernon and Jack to invent fictitious alter egos so as to be able to escape the
strictures of propriety and decency. However, what one member of society considers decent or
indecent doesn't always reflect what decency really is. One of the play's paradoxes is the
impossibility of actually being either earnest (meaning "serious" or "sincere") or moral while
claiming to be so. The

Henry Mosely Research Paper
Henry Mosely was born in November 23, 1887 in Weymouth, Dorset, England. His father, also
Henry, was a professor of anatomy and physiology. His mother was Amabel, a daughter of a
barrister but then changed careers to become a mollusc biologist. Moseley's first school was
Summer Fields School, and elementary school. He won a scholarship for Eton College, the most
prestigious high school in Britain. He thought the college's physics lessons were too easy and so,
worked on subjects independently. He won Eton's physics and chemistry awards when he was 18,
and was admitted in 1906 to the University of Oxford's Trinity College to study physics. Due to a
hayfever, he only got second class honor degree during the final exam. He then moved to the
University ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He moved back to Oxford in 1913. Even when Rutherford offered him a new fellowship at
Manchester on better terms, Moseley declined. He decided the best path would be to get experience
from different laboratories. He put together experimental apparatus to shoot high–energy electrons
at different chemical elements and measure the wavelength and frequencies of the resulting X–rays.
The X–rays, he noticed, was different for each element. If he plotted the square–root of X–ray
frequency against elements' atomic numbers, he would get a straight line, which had confirmed
Broek's hypothesis. He realized that the element's atomic number is the same as the number of
protons that element has. He states that the difference between elements are the number of protons
that have, and the number of protons define what element the atom is. Moseley arranged a periodic
table of elements but had made too many scientists uncomfortable. As a result, the table was
forgotten. He had predicted the existence of four undiscovered elements that contained with 43, 61,
72, and 75 protons when he had noticed the gaps in his table of elements. He also concluded that
there were only 92 elements, including uranium and 14 rare–earth

Atomic Theory
Atomic theory is the idea that matter is made up of small particles made of atoms. The atomic theory
first had 5 points which were stated by John Dalton who came up with it. The first one was that all
elements were made up of small units called atoms. The second one was that all atoms of a given
element are identical to each other. Third, all the atoms were different from all the other atoms.
Fourth, atoms of different elements combined together in equal numbers to form compounds. Fifth
and final, atoms cannot be broken down, created or divided. John Dalton was a chemist in the early
19th century and his work was focused on the behavior and properties of gases. He used his work on
gases to come up with his law of proportions which was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1898 Marie Sklodowska Curie Studied uranium and thorium and called their spontaneous decay
process "radioactivity". She and her husband Pierre also discovered the radioactive elements
polonium and radium.
1900 Soddy Observed spontaneous disintegration of radioactive elements into variants he called
"isotopes" or totally new elements, discovered "half–life", made initial calculations on energy
released during decay.
1900 Max Planck Used the idea of quanta (discrete units of energy) to explain hot glowing matter.
1903 Nagaoka
Postulated a "Saturnian" model of the atom with flat rings of electrons revolving around a positively
charged particle.
1904 Abegg Discovered that inert gases had stable electron configurations which lead to their
chemical inactivity.
1905 Albert Einstein Published the famous equation E=mc 2
1906 Hans Geiger Developed an electrical device to "click" when hit with alpha particles.
1909 R.A. Millikan Oil drop experiment determined the charge (e=1.602 x 10 –19 coulomb) and the
mass (m = 9.11 x 10 –28 gram) of an electron.
1911 Ernest Rutherford Using alpha particles as atomic bullets, probed the atoms in a piece of thin
(0.00006 cm) gold foil. He established that the nucleus was: very dense, very small and positively
charged. He also assumed that the electrons were located outside the nucleus.
1914 H.G.J. Moseley Using x–ray tubes, determined the charges on the nuclei of most atoms. He

Neil Bohr Research Paper
Neil Henrik David Bohr was born on October 7, 1885. He was the son of Christian and Ellen Bohr.
Bohr grow up in Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. Christian Bohr was a extremely smart
professor and physicist, thus causing Neil to take a strong and intense interest in the study of science
as well. Bohr attended Gammelholm Latin School and was an extremely smart young man. He
attended Copenhagen University, were he received his masters and doctrine in physics. On January
1, 1912 Neil Bohr was got married to his beloved wife Margethe Nørlund. The two had six children
but unfortunately two of them passed away. The rest of his children were very intelligent and had
much success in their lifespans. Bohr became a professor at Manchester's Victria University and
then transferred to work at his old college in Copenhagen. Then in 1921 Bohr founded the
University's Institute of Theoretical Physics. Bohr was the head and directed the institute for his
entire life. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bohr was called upon by a fellow colleague named Ernest Rutherford, to help him solve some
problems with the Rutherford Planetary Model of the atom. Bohr quickly took the position to help
and new that the problem had something to do with the discharge of hydrogen within an atom. After
solving this problem and coming up with his own law and model of the atom. This advancement
changed physics forever. Bohr's model was made up of four ideas.
1) Electrons assume only certain orbits around the nucleus. These orbits are stable and called
"stationary" orbits.
2) Each orbit has an energy associated with it. For example the orbit closest to the nucleus has an
energy E1, the next closest E2 and so

The Physics Of The Atomic Theory
Name: Ernest Rutherford
Date of Birth: August 30, 1871
Lived: Nelson, New Zealand
Which Scientists influenced this Scientists work? Why? I believe that the scientists before
Rutherford would have inspired him to investigate in Atoms. This may of occurred because there
was a conspiracy towards the atoms due to nobody actually seeing them.
What part of the Atomic Theory did they investigate? Ernest Rutherford was responsible for a many
different discoveries such as radioactivity and nuclear physics. He discovered alpha and beta rays,
found the laws of radioactive decay, and identified alpha particles as helium nuclei. Most important,
he postulated the nuclear structure of the atom this structure was known as Rutherford model.
Rutherford overturned Thomson 's model in 1911 with his well–known gold foil experiment in
which he demonstrated that the atom has a tiny, heavy nucleus. Rutherford designed an experiment
to use the alpha particles emitted by a radioactive element as probes to the unseen world of atomic
structure. Ernest Rutherford publishes his atomic theory describing the atom as having a central
positive nucleus surrounded by negative orbiting electrons. This model suggested that most of the
mass of the atom was contained in the small nucleus, and that the rest of the atom was mostly empty
space.
What model did they use to explain their theory (draw the model)
What research/experiment did they conduct to test their Theory? Was their experiment successful?

Ernest Rutherford Accomplishments
Ernest Rutherford is often ascribed as the greatest and most respectable experimental scientist,
second to none. His unparalleled success is attributed to his revolutionary work regarding but not
limited to the atom. Rutherford's ingenuity and dexterity was able to alter our insight of nature three
remarkable times. He first set laws on radioactive decay, explaining it as the spontaneous
disintegration of atoms. He then riveted the scientific community when he determined the structure
of the atom. Finally, he became the world's first successful alchemist when he triumphantly
converted nitrogen to oxygen by splitting the atom. Though his major accomplishments are
astounding, he is responsible for even more glories. He made the discovery of alpha ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rutherford speculated, quite rightly, that the power of the atom was infinitely higher than the energy
bonding it together. Prior to World War I, he commented that he didn't think the power of the atom
could ever be efficiently extracted, but hoped that ways of achieving this would not be determined
before the world was at peace. Unfortunately, for many, controlled nuclear fission was made
possible just two years after Rutherford's death, and the rest, well, is history. The world, however,
owes a great deal to Ernest Rutherford and his discoveries. Today, the science of physics has
propelled to new heights. In France and Switzerland, scientists at CERN (the European Organization
for Nuclear Research) are in the process of venturing with the world's largest particle accelerator,
called the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), to unlock some of the last mysteries of particle physics –
the existence of substances such as dark matter, dark energy, and something called Higgs Boson.
Suffice to say, the LHC is an underground tunnel, circular in nature, with a circumference of about
27km. The basic idea is to send beams of protons in opposite directions into one another, having
them collide at almost the speed of light and observing what happens. Scientists are hoping to find
evidence that verifies their standard model of particle physics. Rutherford's greatest contribution to
the development of Science is of course his model of the atom. The Japanese scientist Hantaro
Nagaoka had developed a similar model six years before Rutherford, but because it went against the
teachings of classical electrodynamics it had not been taken seriously. However, Rutherford was
such a differential figure, and had verified the concept with more concrete proof and calculations,
hence earning the title "Father of nuclear physics". Although his theory was modified by

Master At Cambridge University From 1959-1966, And The...
master at Cambridge University from 1959–1966, and was the president of the International Union
of Physics from 1951 through to 1957. (Sir Nevill F. Mott – Biographical, 2015, para.1–3). In 1977,
Mott received the Noble Prize for Physics, an honor which he shared with two other physicists. The
prize was awarded for theoretical studies of the structure of the electron, regarding magnetic and
disordered systems (Sir Neill F. Mott – Facts, 2015, para. 4). Ernest T. S. Walton was born October
6, 1931, in Ireland. His education included attending Methodist College and Trinity College,
studying mathematics, experimental sciences, and physics. After obtaining a master's degree in
science, Walton went to the Cavendish Laboratory, were he ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
S. Walton – Facts, 2015, para. 4). In addition to incredible individuals who attended the Laboratory,
there have been many crucial discoveries at the Cavendish Laboratory, including DNA, the electron,
and the proton. Maurice Wilkins was a chemist who determined that using x–ray crystallography
would be useful in the process of studying DNA. James Watson attended a lecture by Wilkins on the
subject, which also included ideas about the form of DNA, and Watson soon wanted to be involved.
Francis Crick, who was working on his dissertation on the x–ray crystallography of hemoglobin,
was approached by Watson, who desired Crick's help in studying DNA. Watson and Crick made
several models of DNA based on the information available at the time. However, it was not until
they obtained x–rays taken by Rosalind Franklin that they realised DNA had a double helix shape.
These x–rays were obtained without Franklin's permission and were crucial to the discovery of the
shape of DNA. Watson and Crick's first article on their discoveries regarding the double helix shape
appeared in an issue of the journal Nature, along with other articles on DNA by other scientists.
Watson, Crick, and Wilkins received the Noble Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their joint work
in the process of determining the shape of DNA in 1962. There was no mention made of Franklin's
contributions in

The Theory Of Atomic Theory Essay
Emily Elliott
Scientists who Contributed to Atomic Theory
20 September 20 What is Atomic Theory? Atomic theory is the theory that all matter is made up of
tiny indivisible particles called atoms. This paper will discuss its beginnings and some of the
scientists who made major contributions to how it is defined today.
Background
Since the earliest of times, scientists and philosophers have known that the universe is more than
just what it appears to be, but instead there is a deeper, more complex makeup beneath the surface.
The ancient Greeks called it "the four elements"2, though some, like Democritus, believed that
everything was made of tiny indivisible particles called atoms.3 Later, however, with advancements
in technology, scientists such as John Dalton, JJ Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, and James Chadwick
were able to prove the existence of an indivisible particle with a dense, positively charged nucleus
consisting of protons and neutrons with electrons orbiting the nucleus.1 With this knowledge, others
were able to dig deeper, and discover so much more about atomic theory, such as Brown's equation
for the motion of an electron,6 Dirac's discovery of the positron,11 Fermi's research in nuclear
fission to create the atomic bomb,13 and Gell–Mann's discovery of the quark.14 Each discovery
made by these men has shaped the world in some way or another, and even now more discoveries
are being made, but only because of the foundation laid out by those who set atomic

The Father Of The Nuclear Age Essay
Nowadays, we all know that the development of education is very fast. It can be proved by so many
new things created by the combination of education, especially in science. Long time ago, in New
Zealand, there was a man called "The Father of The Nuclear Age" who became the main figure in
radioactivity and nuclear physics. His name is Ernest Rutherford. Born as the second son and the
fourth of twelve children in his family in New Zealand, on 30th August 1871, Ernest Rutherford
grew up by believing that education can be a tool to make a big change in the world. During his
studies, he got so many awards because of his efforts developing the modern education of physic
and chemistry. For instance, he got the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and a Baronetcy both in 1908 and
1931. He also did some experiments to developing the atom theory for several years. Finally, Ernest
Rutherford results from all of his experiment now used in the physic and chemistry education. In
addition, to regard him, his picture appeared in the $100 New Zealand Dollar. He is a very important
person behind the development of modern science and will be remembered for a long time because
of his effort to discovering the theory of radioactivity, found the segment direction from his
radioactivity experiment, and dissecting the atom.
Ernest Rutherford firstly developing the modern science by found the theory of radioactivity from
an experiment. Radioactivity is "the emission of energetic particles or waves from atoms"

Nuclear Technology Research Paper
The Discovery and Development of Nuclear Technology Man has always been interested in how the
world around him works. He wondered about the structure of matter,of which his world, as well as
our world, is made up. Countless scientists have been pondering that same question ever since the
beginning of time. In this paper you will read about just a few of the men and women that broke the
ground for the nuclear technology of today.
One of the first people to do this was a Greek philosopher named Anaxagoras in five hundred years
before Christ. He questioned what would happen if he cut in half a sample of matter, gold in his
case, and then half the halves and continue doing this. Anaxagoras' theory stated that it would be ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was not until the renaissance that the ideas of Aristotle began to be disputed and people started to
accept the atomic theory of Democritus. One of the first people to speak out against Aristotle was
Francis Bacon. Bacon criticized the scientific thought of the ancients because it relied too heavily on
the philosophy behind things rather than experimental aspect of them. He did, however, side with
Democritus because the minute experimentation pointed in that direction. Another key figure in the
advancement of early atomic theory was Robert Boyle. Boyle ran experiments with gasses in pumps
and he studied the behavior of the volumes of the gasses as pressure was applied or taken away from
it. He observed that when a great pressure is applied, the volume of the gas decreases. From these
experiments he concluded that the gasses must be made up of small particle with a somewhat large
space in between them. Those particles were thought to be atoms. Another great mind, Issac
Newton, heard about Boyle's experiments, reviewed the observations, and supported Boyle's theory.
After years groundbreaking work by these great minds on Democritus' theory of an indestructible,
eternal atom, it was finally accepted universally in 1895.
Now that everyone was sure that there were atoms, people could now start to learn more about them
and use them to better their daily lives. One of these men was a German scientist named Wilhelm
Rontgen. His major

Human Science And Natural Science
Disagreement may aid the pursuit of knowledge in the natural and human sciences because
disagreement leads to new discoveries. Disagreement is about gathering reliable knowledge as well
as using this newfound knowledge, and occurs when a group fails to reach a consensus over the
logic of an argument. Knowledge is composed of facts, information, and skills acquired by a person
through experience or education. Two areas of knowledge that are impacted by disagreement are
human science and natural science. Human science is the study of human behavior and how humans
gather information. Natural science is a branch of science that deals with the physical world. In
order for a disagreement to occur, one must be familiar with the subject and have his or her own
prediction that is different from the norm. Therefore, to advance knowledge in the areas of human
and natural science, people must disagree. The roles of logic, reason, and emotion will be
investigated to see how they are used to help gain new knowledge in both human and natural
science. Many knowledge claims in human and natural science are based on theories. Jean Lamarck
proposed the theory of evolution in 1801. The theory of evolution proposed by Lamarck was based
on the idea that organisms had to change their behavior to survive. For instance, if a giraffe stretched
it neck for a long period of time to reach the leaves as the top of the tree, then a "nervous fluid"
would flow in the neck and make it longer. Thus, its

Physics Pre-Lab Questions
Pre–Lab Questions: In this activity, the marbles represent the narrow beam of alpha particles used to
determine the structure of atoms, the unknown object represents the atoms that Rutherford studied,
the cardboard represents the gold foil that was made up of gold atoms and the paper represents the
approximate path that the alpha particles bounced off of or went through the gold foil at that
Rutherford observed. Based on where the marble rolls in one end and out the other, you can infer
where the target is underneath the cardboard and where the target has a flat edge, or doesn't have any
edges that stick out. Post–Lab Questions: We made the correct prediction that the shape of our target
was a triangle. The characteristics of the target that were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This is because if the marble hits the shape, the speed at which it bounces off of it will be even
slower than the speed at which it was rolled and its path might be changed before it rolls out of the
black box.A slower marble also may make a wider angle if it bounces off of the shape. If the speed
of the marble rolls were faster, it may also be hard to make an accurate prediction, because if the
marble is moving too fast, the way in which the marble bounces off of the shape would be different.
A faster marble may make a smaller angle as it bounces off of the shape. If the size of the marble
was bigger, the shape would appear to be smaller and if the size of the marbles were smaller, the
shape would appear to be bigger. This is because as the size of the marbles changes, so does the
angles that they make, when they bounce off of the shape. This angle size depends on the speed and
size of the marbles and when one of those variables are changed, it can make it difficult to determine
the position and shape of the

An Igbo Folklore That Matter
Stories that Matter Maybe if I thought about things differently my life would have been better, but
sometimes or even most of times things are just what they are – right or wrong. There is an Igbo
folklore that I am going to tell you about the tortoise and the birds. Once, there was a feast in the
heavens and all the birds were invited, not the tortoise. However, because of the cunning nature of
the tortoise, he wanted to go with the birds. But, how was he going to do that? Well, he had to look
for a way to fly so he decided to borrow feathers from the birds with the trick that he was going to
be their spokesperson. But then, things changed as got they got to heaven. The tortoise told the
officials that his name was 'All–of–you,' so when all the foods and gifts came, the officials said 'this
is for all of you,' and the tortoise claimed everything for himself. The birds got so angry they all left
him stranded in heaven except for the Parrot. The tortoise sent a message through the Parrot to his
family to bring out all the soft things in his house so he could land on them, but the Parrot still
enraged told his family otherwise. All the hard things were brought out and the tortoise landed on
them, which is the reason why the tortoise has a broken shell today. I was told this story over and
over again growing up, and I have lived with it ever since. Do I believe or not? That is for me to
answer. Do you believe or not? That is for you to answer. Stories help to keep our minds

How Einstein And Ernest Rutherford Helped United States To...
Both Albert Einstein and Ernest Rutherford helped pave the way for countries to invent the nuclear
weapon. Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity and Rutherford's discovery of the atomic nucleus all
helped the United States to invent the bomb. In the book by Andrew Futter, the United States began
their experimenting on nuclear weapons with the Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project– so
called because the initial headquarters were on the Manhattan district of New York City– began in
1942 with the sole purpose of creating an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany. (Futter 17) Work on
the project was spread out all over the country; the main research center would be located at Los
Alamos in the New Mexico desert. There were two lines of research,

How Did The Democritus Make The Atomic Theory
460 BC: Democritus – Philosopher
Democritus made the atomic theory widely known, which stated that the universe is composed of
two elements: the atoms and the void in which these atoms exist and move. (More, 1646)
Democritus came up with the theories:
All materials were made up of many invisible particles called ATOMS.
Atoms are not able to be destroyed.
Atoms are solid but invisible to the human eye
Atoms are homogenous.
Atoms differ in size, shape and mass (zandrice, 2010)
1. Solids are made of small, pointy atoms.
2. Liquids are made of large, round atoms.
3. Oils are made of very fine, small atoms that can easily slip past each other
1804: John Dalton – Chemist
Dalton believed that all matter is made of many tiny indestructible ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(Lucas & Wright, 2001)
Rutherford's understanding of the atom was that the protons were clustered together in the nucleus.
The nucleus is then surrounded by empty space occupied by electrons. (Lucas & Wright, 2001)
1897: James Johnson Thomson
Thomson discovered the electron. He used a cathode ray tube (an electron gun) with a magnet and
discovered that the green beam it emitted was made up of negatively charged particles. Thomson
then determined that these negatively charged electrons needed something positive to balance them
out. (Born, 2014)
From his experiments Thomson established that all electrons are identical and that elements aren't
different because of their electrons but because of how many electrons are present and their
formation. (Lucas & Wright, 2001)
Thomson did many experiments and found that the mass of one of these electrons was nearly 2000
times lighter than the element Hydrogen. Thomson then disproved Dalton in stating that atoms
cannot be divided into smaller pieces. (Born,

Harold Urey Essay
Harold Urey – Contributions Harold C. Urey is known extensively in numerous fields, some of
which include chemistry, biology, and astronomy. His accomplishments number in the hundreds, the
most notably of which would certainly be his discovery of deuterium, a heavy hydrogen isotope
with one proton and one neutron in its nucleus. Although the theory of isotopes was already in place
by 1913, and numerous other scientists had discovered various isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and
numerous others, Urey claimed that only discoveries surrounding hydrogen could be more
significant (Rice, 2007). Urey had a systematic chart of countless isotopes, including both known
and predicted isotopes, and used this in his research. This system included two isotopes of hydrogen,
one with double the atomic mass of a standard hydrogen atom, and the other with three times the
mass. Both of these isotopes were undiscovered, having only been predicted. Urey became
interested in the supposed isotopes of hydrogen after finding out about a letter sent from a pair of
physicists to the July 1, 1931 issue of a scientific journal called the Physical Review. This letter
discussed evidence ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Faced by problems in the creation of a diffusion barrier for the uranium hexafluoride, this operation
became impossibly complex and inefficient. Urey's barrier was not chosen for the diffusion plant
built at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and he soon after left his work on diffusion. Despite his position as
the head of the project, Urey soon has second thoughts and tried in vain to convince President Harry
S. Truman not to use the atomic weapons on Japan. After the war, Urey appealed more to the
civilian control of nuclear weapons, proposing an international ban on the utilization and stockpiling
of nuclear

Where would the science world be today if it wasn't for Ernest Rutherford? We would probably still
think that the atom was indivisible and unchangeable, or even there is no such thing as a proton.
Ernest Rutherford is a famous physicist known for coining some basic terms in the field of physics
such as; alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, the proton, the neutron, and half–life. He worked among
the side of other great physicists like J.J. Thomson, Niels Bohr, Frederick Soddy, James Chadwick
and Hans Geiger; together they discovered a whole new realm of science. (PBS, 1998). Ernest
Rutherford was born August 30th, 1871, on a farm in New Zealand. He was the fourth child born
out of his twelve siblings. Before he started to make mass discoveries in the world of science, he got
his degree from the University of New Zealand and began to teach. After teaching for awhile,
Rutherford got a scholarship to Cambridge University in England to be the first graduate ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This began the research of the atom's nuclear structure. Rutherford showed the science world that
nuclei of light elements could be destroyed by radioactivity. He also learned that fast protons are
emitted from the nucleus when radioactivity interacted with the nuclei. Rutherford didn't stop there,
he kept going on discovering new things, and was greatly acknowledged for all his hard work.
(NNDB, 2014). In 1908, Rutherford won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He also created the
Rutherford–Geiger detector, with the help of Hans Geiger. The detector was used for uncovering
single particles that were emitting from radioactive atoms. Rutherford also worked with Henry
Gwyn Jefferys Moseley; they used the cathode ray to demonstrate that each element can be
determined by an atomic number from the inner structures of the atom. His biggest
accomplishments were still yet to

Chemistry : The Five Branches Of Chemistry
Chemistry
 There are five main braches of chemistry: Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical
Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, and Biochemistry. Organic chemistry and Inorganic chemistry are
self–explanatory, as organic chemistry is concerned with the chemistry side of carbon and living
things, and inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the interaction between
and structure in inorganic compounds.
Meanwhile, Analytical chemistry is the branch of chemistry involved with studying of materials,
and their properties, as well as developing tools to analyze materials, and physical chemistry is the
branch of chemistry that applies physics to the study of chemistry. Then lastly, biochemistry is the
branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical reactions that occur inside living organisms.
In real life, organic chemistry is the cause for such products as rubber, vitamins, and paper, while
synthetic products such as nylon can be attributed to inorganic chemistry. Analytical chemistry
stretches across many fields, such as oil and petroleum, food and agriculture, forensics, and
manufacturing. Meanwhile, physical chemistry is a bit narrower, but it is still involved in various
fields such as pharmaceuticals and materials. Biochemistry in real life usually takes the form of
research into the complexity of a being's inner workings, and can pay off in such was as medicines
or cures for diseases.
 Dimensional Analysis is a conversion method that uses

Essay on Ernest Rutherford and The Gold Foil Experiment
Ernest Rutherford was a New Zealand born British physicist who is famously known for "splitting
the atom." His work on the gold foil experiment contributed greatly to the model of the atom and
helped develop the standard model of the atom to what we now use today. Without his contributions
we would still be using the Plum Pudding model, an out dated and incorrect model, and we would
have less of an understanding of how atoms form the world around us.
Before Rutherford's Geiger–Marsden experiment the most popular model of the atom was the "plum
pudding model" developed in 1904 by the person who also discovered the electron in 1897, J.J.
Thompson. It was the most common model of the atom and stated that electrons (plum) floated
around with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He positioned a variety of metal foil in the route of the alpha rays, including gold, silver, tin, copper
and aluminium (at different times) to observe whether the flashes of light moved, spread out, or
changed at all. He found that as the various metals disrupted the paths of the rays the flashes become
more spread out. This result indicated that alpha particles were being deflected as they passed
through the metals. Rutherford wanted to know if alpha particles could be deflected at a larger
angle, as the current tool developed by Geiger could only measure deflection of up to a few angles.
Geiger was joined by Ernest Marsden to create a new instrument to detect whether alpha particles
could be deflected at greater angles. This device was different from the previous in the way that the
gold foil and radium were both inside a metal cylinder, which was fixed to a swivel. The microscope
attached penetrated the wall of the cylinder. The lens of the microscope was covered in a zinc
sulphide screen and the microscope could be moved in a full circle around the foil so Geiger could
tally the flashes of light from every possible angle. He observed alpha particles deflecting by as
much as 150°.
The results of this experiment proved the plum pudding model of the atom to be incorrect as some
of the alpha particles (helium atoms) deflected meaning the atom has a dense centre of positive
charge. Particles either hit the positive

Einstein And Rutherford Research Paper
Mathematicians and Scientist
Ernest Rutherford and Albert Einstein were some of the best Scientists and Mathematicians of their
time. They had discovered and contributed so much to the fields of math and science. With both of
them living and working in the same era (Late 1800s and early 1900s), they were affected by lots of
the same events, and their contributions helped each other. Throughout their lives they discovered
things that put a huge impact the on things we have today such as the technology we have, and our
progress in the fields of Mathematics and Science.
Ernest Rutherford was born on August 30, 1871 in Brightwater, New Zealand and died on October
19, 1937. He went to the University of Cambridge, Nelson College, and the University Of New
Zealand. Ernest also lived in the United ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Niels discovered more about the orbitals and how the protons, electrons and neutrons worked and
how the orbitals worked and were set up. Ernest's discoveries set up future discoveries to be made.
If he didn't discover the nucleus in the atom, we wouldn't have the atomic bomb. (Which would
probably be a good thing.) Colleges and Scientists still use the gold foil experiment to learn from,
and they still look to his information for reference and help in their current work. Ernest Rutherford
and Albert Einstein have both contributed to math and science enough for us to still remember them
today. Better yet the world was affected by it and it wouldn't be the same without them doing the
things they did. Ernest Rutherford and Albert Einstein were some of the best Scientists and
Mathematicians of their time. They discovered and contributed to so much of the fields of math and
science. With both of them living and working in the same era (Late 1800s and early 1900s), they
were affected by lots of the same events (World Wars), and their contributions helped each

Setting Of The Importance Of Being Earnest Essay
Oscar Wilde's The Importance Of Being Earnest
Setting: Begins in a flat in London then proceeds to a manor house in the countryside in the late
1800's.
Plot: Two men, John Jack Earnest Worthing and Algernon Moncrieff, use the deception [a Bunbury]
that both their names were Ernest, in order to secure marriage to the women they love, Gwendolen
Fairfax and Cecily Cardew. Then there is the ultimate unraveling of their lies, which still ends in
their impending nuptials.Cast of Key CharactersJohn Jack Ernest Worthing"Bon–vivant" [Jack to
Algernon 2] Algernon is asking Jack what brought him to town. Jack has come to town to get away
from his responsibilities in the country, his ward Cecily, and to see Gwendolen, whom he wishes to
propose ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is Jack's Bunbury to Algy and there are many more to come. Jack hopes that this lie will
discourage any further pursuit of his true relation, guardian, to Cecily. Quote: "Well if you want to
know Cecily happens to be my aunt." "Critic" [Jack to Algernon 6] Jack has been trying to satisfy
Algy's fanatic questioning for the explanation of the inscription on Jack's cigarette case. Jack has
said that he is Ernest in town and Jack in the country. Jack is not named Ernest. It is a phantom
brother he has invented.
Jack is going to explain his reason for lying in order to come to town, but he doesn't believe
Algernon has a somber personality to comprehend his reasons. Quote: "My dear Algy, I don't know
whether you will be able to understand my real motives. You are hardly serious enough.""Martyr"
[Jack to Algy 6] Algy has returned the cigarette case to Jack; now, he wishes to hear the reason Jack
is Ernest in town and Jack in the country. Jack shows his bunbury to Algy. Jack is Cecily's guardian
that is why he is Jack in the country. In order to come to town he has invented a wayward brother
named Ernest.
Jack explains his reasons for lying about who Cecily really is and who he is to Cecily. He is
essentially her immediate forebear and must keep up social standards. It is his responsibility to
guard against any degrading of her values. Jack makes sacrifices to be Cecily's protector. One of his
sacrifices is that he must lie in order

Physics: The History of Backscatter Ratherfod Essay
backscatter Ratherford
definition
It consists in measuring the number and energy of ions in a beam backscatter after collision with the
near surface of a sample , wherein the beam was targeted region atoms .
history
Rutherford backscattering (RBS ) is based on collisions between atomic nuclei and is named after
Lord Ernest Rutherford, who in 1911 was the first to introduce the concept of atoms whose nuclei .
theory
When a sample is bombarded by a beam of high energy particles , the majority of the particles are
implanted into the material and do not escape. Indeed , the diameter of a nucleus is of the order of
1e– 15 m while the distance between the cores is on the order of 10 m – seconds
A small fraction of the incident particles do ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Elastic in this context means that the energy is not lost or gained during the collision.
Note that the "law" of conservation of energy is not generally applicable to nuclear interactions ,
because in some circumstances , a collision can cause a nuclear reaction with the release of what
may be huge amounts of energy. Nuclear reaction analysis (NRA ) is very useful to detect light
elements. The law of conservation of energy still applies for NRA , but in the form of a more general
mass energy .
instrumentation
RBS instrument generally comprises three essential elements:
An ion source , usually alpha particles ( He2 + ions) or, more rarely, protons.
a linear accelerator capable of accelerating particles of the incident ions to high energies , typically
in the range of 1 to 3MeV .
a detector which is able to measure the energy of backscattered over a range of angles ions.
Two provisions of the common source of acceleration are used in RBS commercial systems ,
working in one or two stages . A floor system consists of a source of He + to a tube connected to a
high positive potential applied to the ion source and the mass at the end of the acceleration tube
acceleration . This arrangement is simple and convenient, but it can be difficult to reach energies
well above 1 MeV due to the difficulty of applying very high system voltages .

The advantages of RBS
Provides depth information
RBS provides composition and terms. Subroutine depth resolution is of the order of

The Discovery Of The Atom
An Atom is the the basic building block of all matter. Atoms are made up of Particles, called:
Protons, neutrons and Electrons. Protons carry a positive charge, the neutron carry 's a neutral
charge and the electron carry's a negative charge. The Atom has two main parts the Nucleus and the
Electron Shell. The Nucleus contains the Protons and Neutrons. The electron Shell Contains the The
electrons.
There are many Scientist that contributed in the investigation of the atom which are:
1– John Dalton
2– Sir William Crookes
3– Wilhelm Rontgen
4– J.J Thomson
5– Max Planck
6– Albert Einstein
7– Ernest Rutherford
8– Neils Bohr
9– James Chadwick
10–Otto Hahn
The Discovery of the Atom first came from the Greeks which made a theory "The idea that all
matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles, or atoms, is believed to have originated with the
Greek philosopher Leucippus of Miletus and his student Democritus of Abdera in the 5th century
B.C. (The word atom comes from the Greek word atomos, which means "indivisible.")" (InfoPlease
Atomic theory)
After that theory scientists started Wondering about this theory and a lot of Scientists made up
Models and conducted Experiments to Explain this Theory. In this report we will put our self's
inside Each scientist's Shoe and see What has he discovered.
John Dalton
John Dalton, a British chemist and physicist, that was born on the 6th of September 1766. His study
of gases led Dalton to wonder about what these invisible substances

Atom Dbq Report
Throughout the centuries, there have been many people, from Democritus to Rutherford, that have
changed the structure and the ideas of atoms. The atom has changed 6 times in the last 200
years(OI). Can you imagine that? Here are some ways the atom has changed.
What is an atom? An atom is a small particle that makes up most types of matter(OI). The atom was
first discovered by Democritus in about 300 B.C.(Doc 1). He believed that bits of matter were too
small to see and could not be divided. As a result he named it the atom, which means cannot be
divided in Greek. This was the first step to understanding matter. The next person to study atoms,
2,000 years later, was a French chemist by the name of Antoine Lavoisier(OI). From his
experiments,

From 1890 to 1894 Ernest attended the university of New Zealand. In 1895, at the age of 23 Ernest
left New Zealand university with three degrees. He was already established as a outstanding
experimental researcher. In 1895, Ernest Rutherford attended the university of Cambridge's
cavendish laboratory in London. Ernest was the first research student at Cambridge. Ernest
Rutherford's first experiment at Cavendish laboratory was a easier and simpler way of detecting
radio waves. Ernest Rutherford made a vast discovery with uranium. He discovered that if u place
uranium near foil, there was one type of radiation being easily soaked up or blocked. While a
different type had no trouble penetrating the same foil. He named theses radiations alpha (having the
same nucleus as a helium atom) and beta. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While at McGill Rutherford meet a young chemist called Fredrick Soddy. After doing work with
Fredrick they discovered the mysteries of radioactivity. There work showed that heavy atoms decay
into slightly lighter atoms. This discovery soon brought Ernest Rutherford to world attention. Later
in 1904 Ernest published a book 'radioactively'. In 1908 he was given the novel prize for chemistry
for the discovery of the disintegration of atoms and their radioactively. In 1907 Ernest Rutherford
travelled back to England, where he became a professor at Manchester university. After doing some
further experiments at Manchester university involving firing alpha particle at high speeds into foil,
Rutherford made a groundbreaking discovery. He discovered that nearly all of the mass of an atom
is in the nucleus. Later on while at Manchester university, Ernest Rutherford discovered the nuclear
model. This discovery marked the establishment of nuclear physics and was the starting point of the
invention of the atomic

Ms. Frizzle: A Narrative Fiction
page 1: It was field trip day in Ms. Frizzle's class. Everyone was excited as the bell rang.
"Okay everyone settle down." Ms. Frizzle said as she walked into the class.
"Ms. Frizzle! Where are we going today? The human body? Inside a bacteria? The core of the
earth?" Phoebe exclaimed.
"Well, we are sort of going to all those places." Ms Frizzle replied as a wave of confusion went
across the classes face. "We are going to learn about atoms, and atoms are what is inside everything!
Now follow me everyone, for the exploration through the atom."
"Are you sure this is a good idea Ms. Frizzle?" Arnold asked as he followed the class outside."
"It's one of my best ideas yet!" Ms. Frizzle responded with a smile.
page 2. "All aboard the bus everyone, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Frizzle said.
Page 6. "Many scientists conducted experiments and scenarios that explain the Atomic Theory." Ms.
Frizzle said as they continued walking.
"Oh Ms. Frizzle I know one." Phoebe said.
"Of course she does, teacher's pet." Carlos said as Tim and Keesha laughed.
Phoebe continued, "His name was J.J. Thomson. He came up with this thing called the plum
pudding theory. I'm not sure what plum pudding is, so you can use ice cream as an example. Think
about vanilla ice cream, with chocolate chips. The ice cream represents positive charged atoms and
the chocolate chips are negative charged atoms."
"Brilliant Phoebe, he also discovered that there was negative charges in atoms called electrons." Ms.
Frizzle responded. "Ernest Rutherford was another person who conducted an experiment, it was
called the gold foil experiment." Ms. Frizzle added.
"Oh I've heard about that one," Arnold said, "he fired a ray of alpha particles at a sheet of gold foil, a
few of the particles were deflected, and some went to the sides and bounced back at him. He then
figured out there is something called a nucleus in the center of an atom that causes the deflection."
"Good job Arnold!" Ms. Frizzle said in

The History Of Atomic Structure
The History of Atomic Structure
What is the atomic structure you may ask? Well, it's the law stating the structure of an atom. It is
composed of a positively charged nucleus containing a certain amount of protons (positive),
neutrons (neutral charge), and electrons (negative). The amount of each subatomic particle (proton,
neutron, and electron) all depend on what the element is. Now although this statement may seem
fairly simple it was most definitely not. People have been studying the atomic structure for more
than 300+ years and are still studying it. So after reading this you may wonder who even made this
atomic structure up. After hundreds of years of research there is not any one individual who made
the structure up but roughly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He stated that this was a mysterious force but never continued his research on it. Then in 460 B.C.
there was a philosopher named Democritus. Democritus and his mentor Leocippus posed the
question that if he broke bread into multiple pieces how many would breaks would it take until there
was no more bread. He then was able to make a few theories being all matter was created of atoms
and atoms are solid but not invisible. However, there was a man named Aristotle and many other
philosophers who disagreed with Democritus and said matter was composed of four main elements.
Earth, fire, air, and water. For example, a liquid was made of water and a stone was made of rock.
Therefore, Democritus's theory " was rejected by Aristotle, one of the most influential philosophers
of Ancient Greece; and the atomic theory was ignored for nearly 2,000 years."( The second main
contributor toward the atomic structure was John Dalton. John Dalton was the one who brought the
atomic theory talk back into play after 2000 years from Democritus. Dalton become fond of the
atomic structure following his love from meteorology. He claimed that the forces of repulsion that
caused pressure only were between the same atoms and the atoms inside a mixture had different
weights and complexity. He then decided to calculate the atomic weights by determining the
percentages of each composition in a compound. This allowed him to be able to

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