Nt1310 Unit 5 Core Technologies

Nt1310 Unit 5 Core Technologies
Core Technologies MQTT MQTT is an extremely simple and lightweight publish/subscribe messaging protocol. It was designed for constrained devices
and low–bandwidth, high–latency, or unreliable networks. The service publishes its capability and data to an MQTT broker and subscribes to
specific topics for input interfaces. http://mqtt.org/ RESTful API A RESTful API defines a set of functions that developers can use to perform
requests and receive responses via HTTP protocol, such as GET and POST. Because RESTful APIs use HTTP as a transport, they can be used by
practically any programming language and are easy to test. It's a requirement of a RESTful API that the client and server are loosely coupled and
independent of each other, allowing... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instead, multiple isolated subsystems, called containers, run on a single control host and access a single kernel. As shown in Figure 4, containers
share the same OS kernel as the host; containers are usually more efficient than VMs, each of which requires a separate OS instance. A Docker
container wraps up a piece of software in an independent subsystem, complete with file system and everything it needs to run: code, runtime, system
tools, and system libraries – anything that may be installed on a server. This guarantees that it will always run the same, regardless of the environment
in which it is running. Containers hold the components necessary to run the desired software, such as files, environment variables, and libraries. The
host OS also constrains the container's access to physical resources – such as CPU and memory – so a single container cannot misbehave and consume
all of a host's physical
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Hotel Management System
Hotel Management System
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN MODELS
prepared by Team 1
Sandra Busik
Susan Le
Peter Lockwood
Pradeep Miglani
Reita Sikka Kai Zhang
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1ANALYSIS MODEL3
1.1STATIC MODEL3 1.2ATTRIBUTES OF THE CLASSES ON THE STATIC MODEL4 1.3STATE CHARTS5 1.4COLLABORATION DIAGRAMS
(one for each use case) & MESSAGE SEQUENCE DESCRIPTIONS8
2DESIGN MODEL8
2.1CONSOLIDATED COLLABORATION DIAGRAMS & MESSAGE SEQUENCE DESCRIPTIONS8 2.1.1CONSOLIDATED COLLABORATION
DIAGRAMS9 2.1.2MESSAGE SEQUENCE DESCRIPTIONS FOR CONSOLIDATED COLABORATION DIAGRAMS11 2.2DISTRIBUTED
SOFTWARE ARCHITECTUREDOCUMENT13 2.2.1DESCRIPTION OF HOW THE SYSTEM IS ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
вћў HMS Interface sends Make Payment (or Credit Payment) message along with customer's payment information to Bill/Payment. вћў Bill/Payment
sends a Payment Made (or Payment Credited) acknowledgment message to HMSInterface. вћў Bill/Payment sends an Update Bill/Payment request to
HotelDatabase.

вћў HMS Interface sends GenerateReport request along with ReportType, ReportParameters to Report. вћў Report sends Get Pending Checkout Data
message to HotelDatabase. вћў HotelDatabase sends Pending Checkout Data to Report. вћў Report sends Report generated to HMSInterface.
вћў HMSInterface sends DisplayInfo message to display information to CSR or Manager actor.
Message Sequence Description for Consolidated Collaboration Diagram of Management Services System
The message sequence description below addresses the messages on the Consolidated Collaboration Diagram for Management Services System.
вћў Manager actor inputs screen selection and information to HMS Interface. вћў HMS Interface sends Administer User Profile (or Administer Info on
Room & Rate) message along with the information inputs to Administration. вћў Administration sends a Add/Modify/Delete Employee Profile request
along with employee information inputted to Employee. вћў Employee sends an Update/Get Employee Info request to HotelDatabase. вћў
HotelDatabase sends an Employee Info response to Employee.
вћў Administration sends a Add/Modify/Delete Info on Room & Rate request along with room

Implementing Purchase Of Books Over The Internet Essay
Related work
Abstract:
With the advent of fast and easy internet access, online shopping has reached a large number of users today. In order to buy a product online, a user
has to resort to multiple sources during the course of their purchase, in order to gain information about the product and the purchase. In this project, we
build a smart webstore called Shopomatic, designed to simplify the process of purchase of books over the internet [1]. Shopomatic contains the basic
functionality of webstores, designed for online shopping [2] [3]. These basic features include the categorical listing of products, a shopping cart [4]
containing a list of all the products selected by the user [5] and a checkout utility [6]. In addition, this webstore exhibits extended connectivity with its
users and other related web services. The users are given an option of receiving email notification for certain events. These events include successful
registration of an account by the customer and successful checking out of the shopping cart. Shopomatic is also integrated with amazon.com and it is
designed to pull reviews from amazon.com and display it in the user interface of Shopomatic.
Existing System:
The existing webstores contain the necessary features for online shopping. They provide a catalogue of books categorized in a logical way. They also
provide a shopping cart, with provisions to add, remove and edit books from the shopping cart. The existing systems also have a user management

Software Architecture And Methodology As A Tool For...
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, conventional software development methods have gradually been replaced by agile software development methods. This phenomenon is
mainly due to the conventional methods' shortcomings, including a slow adaptation to rapidly changing requirements, and a tendency to be over
budget and behind schedule. This paper analyzes objectives, strengths, and weaknesses of both conventional and agile methods. This paper also briefly
explains the Unified Process, and the common elements of the Scrum process. Finally, this paper suggests a new Component Integrated software
development process that combines the Rational Unified Process with the Scrum process to accommodate the strengths of both methods while
suppressing their weaknesses. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One system development methodology is not necessarily suitable for use by all projects. Each of the available methodologies is best suited for specific
kinds of projects, based on various technical, organizational, project and team considerations.
Conventional heavyweight, document–driven software development methods can be characterized as extensive planning, codified process, reuse, heavy
documentation and big design up front. These are some reason that conventional methods have been replaced by lightweight agile software development
methods mostly in small–scale and relatively simple projects. This phenomenon is mainly due to the conventional methods' shortcomings, including a
slow adaptation to rapidly changing business requirements, and a tendency to be over budget and behind schedule The conventional methods also have
not able to provide dramatic improvements in productivity, reliability, and simplicity. Despite the existing shortcomings, the conventional methods are
still widely used in industry, particularly, for large–scale projects. Conventional methods come with their straightforward, methodical, and structured
nature, as well as their capability to provide predictability, stability, and high assurance. Agile software development methods focus on iterative and
incremental development, customer collaboration, and frequent delivery through a light and fast development life cycle. There are many positive
benefits of the agile approaches.

Scenario Based Usability Engineering And Software...
Summary
The following analysis takes a look at scenario–based usability engineering and software architecture–based design and the effects, if any, of each given
design technique on software quality attributes as defined by McCall. McCall lists the following attributes as part of a quality software product:
correctness, reliability, efficiency, integrity,usability, maintainability, flexibility, testability, portability, reusability, and interoperability. These quality
attributes will be used as evaluating factors in determining whether scenario–based usability engineering or software architecture–based design can help
significantly increase the chances of meeting a project's goal with respect to that quality attribute. This analysis should provide an overarching view as
to which design scenario is best suited for a project given a set of desired quality goals. Below is an introduction to the two methods being compared.
Scenario–Based Usability Engineering (SBUE)
SBUE is a design methodology that focuses on creating rich, detailed user–interaction scenarios as a central representation of the software model.
These detailed requirements scenarios are often constructed using techniques such as participatory design and scenario–based design during the
requirements gathering and analysis phases. These techniques allow for the elicitation of different users, tasks, artifacts, and activities of a workplace
and how they are interconnected that may otherwise go unnoticed during a

Fundamentals Software Architecture
Unit 09 Assignment 2
Fundamentals of Software Architecture
Instructor: Ami Tran
Student: Cyril Foday–Kailie
Table of Content:
1. Introduction of Management Summary
2.0Scope and Definition
3.0Overviews for Requirements and Concerns
4.0 General Architectural principles
5.0Views
6.0Important Scenarios
7.0Quality Property Summary
8.0Need to Know Board
9.0References/appendices
.
|Date |Version |Comment |
|19th.June 2010 |Draft AD Version 1 Presented by Learner Cyril |AD to be reviewed by Fantasy |
| |Foday–Kailie ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This has been viewed by stakeholders to be a green area of product line that can be principally marketable on the web online. Project Manager of
Fantasy Games contracted a consultant architect to design software architecture to reflect the vision and blueprint of the organization in the view of
releasing the product within a stipulated timeline as stated by the stakeholders. The new software will replace existing system and will bring to Fantasy
Games new employment realities and extension of the product line.
In the view of the stakeholders, Fantasy Games is geared to make history in Gaming as a result of user demands for functional change in their current

gaming architecture.
The new venture will not only open doors for employment but will appeal to newer gamers' thereby expanding gaming market of Fantasy games
The Proposed Software will host a marketing portal and forum for Gamers and will capture private details and context about it customers.
The software will reflect functionality and resilience and it will reflect adaptability with upgrades.
The Software Architecture should adhere to the dictates and standards of IEEE 1471.
Architectural Perspectives
Agile software development has steadily gained momentum and acceptability over the decade as a variable approach of software development and it
is a favorable perspective to design Fantasy

Network Archutecture
3.1 –Network Architecture–:
Network architecture is the configuration of an interchanges system. It is a structure for the determination of a system's physical parts and their
practical association and setup, its operational standards and systems, and information organizations utilized as a part of its operation. Network
Architecture gives the subtle element outline of a system. It is utilized to arrange all the system layers regulated in sensible structure by portraying
each one stage in subtle element. It is likewise dependent upon the complete working meanings of the conventions. The structural engineering is
emphasized in a circulated processing environment and its unpredictability can't be comprehended without a structure. Subsequently there is a need to
create provisions or systems to design a diagram of a system. The first use of the expression "software architecture planning" put it particularly in the
arranging period of a task. While these arrangements had connection to physical items, the term finished not. At the point when a system of associated
gadgets, for example, phones and PCs, was arranged out, the outcome was a system building design schematic. The real plans were for the most part
extremely fundamental; they might be all the more a rule than else other possibilities. In time, the system construction modeling schematic started to
hold extra material identifying with the system. Particular physical articles were allocated positions dependent upon the

Software Architecture Vision : Gaming Essay
Software Architecture Vision
Gaming In The Marketplace
According to Versace (2014), the Internet of the Twenty
–First Century has opened up a whole new and exciting way for how one does business. With
this paradigm shift of doing things differently, the effects are moving through "several business models forcing companies to adapt or be left behind"
(Versace, 2014, p. 1). The expansion of the Internet and technological industry has no boundaries and caters to all ages. Versace (2014) stated, "several
industries that have only just starting embracing the Internet, and one of them is the gambling and casino industry:" (para. 3). The online gaming
business or iGaming, "has grown into a multi–billion–dollar business, particularly in Europe," (Versace, 2008).
The following statistics Newzoo.com (2016) reported are:
In 2016, the US games market will be worth $23.6 billion, with 179 million people playing games – 61% of the online population. Almost 60% of US
gamers pay for games, spending an average of $224 a year. Console gaming is by far the biggest segment in the US, with revenues of $11.4 billion in
2016. The US mobile games market will reach $6.8 billion with the PC market generating $5.4 billion.
("Newzoo Infographics", 2016)
Possibilities of Fantasy Games with New Software Architecture
The possibilities for designing a new game is positive. The online gaming industry continues to progress. For example, Harris (2014) indicated, "Free
game distribution provides a

The Mvp Is Derived From Mvc Software Pattern, Pop And...
MVP Framework The MVP is derived from MVC software pattern, Pop and Altar 2014, that is useful for the structuring of user interfaces. The MVP
design pattern separates the view from its presentation logic to allow each to be distinguished separately Qureshi and Sabir 2014, In MVP, the view
goes on to become an ultra–thin component whose function is just to be able to offer a presentation to the user. The view captures and deals with the
events increase by the user, though forwarding these directly to the presenter who is aware on the means of treating them. The presenter then
communicates with the model, and coordinates with the view's controls directly so as to present the data. The limitations of the MVP framework are
listed below The pattern is complicated and may be not really necessary for simple screens. The pattern is one more thing to be learnt for busy
developers: there's surely an overhead. It can be difficult to debug events that are being fired in active Model–View–Presenter. The 'Passive View'
version of Model–View–Presenter can result in a particular amount of boilerplate code that has to be written in order to get the interface into the View
to work. 4. PROBLEM FORMATION AND OBJECTIVES This research is concerned with analyzing the systematic approach, Importance of
Reusability, Risk Factor, Complexity of Process in maze utility architecture. The categorized structure mainly focuses on how to develop the real time
architecture using quality

Facilitating Agile Software Development With Lean...
Facilitating Agile Software Development with Lean Architecture in DCI Paradigm Term Paper Spring 2015 CIS 580 Arsalan Hafiz 01498800
Introduction: Programming advancement is a lavish, and regularly a troublesome methodology. It is all around recorded that product activities are
ordinarily over timetable, over spending plan and regularly don 't meet client prerequisites. The fundamental issues are all connected with individual's
related issues. To address this issue, the Agile theory was presented in the mid 90 's with a related arrangement of Agile routines. These techniques are
particularly intended to enhance programming venture group administration. Readiness in short intends to strip away however much of the largeness,
generally connected with conventional programming advancement techniques, as could be expected, so as to elevate speedy reaction to evolving
situations, changes in client prerequisites, quicken venture due dates, thus on [1]. Agile application is just constrained to execution and early testing.
Numerous agile practices, for example, every day standup meeting, pair programming and test–first coding are practiced amid usage stage, and few
agile practices bring mature domain knowledge forward in a way that reduces the cost and effort of later decisions during implementation [2]. "Lean"
fundamentally refers an approach in the manufacturing world that was originally developed by Toyota in the 1950 's. At this time Japanese industry was

What Is The MVC Architectural Pattern In Architecture Design
Abstract–High quality of web application plays a great rule in the success of a company, this can only achieve with help of authenticated web
engineering methods and procedures. The choice of a good web application architecture during web application design phase helps to achieve high
quality in web application and handle dynamic customer requirements. Model View Controller (MVC) architectural pattern is the core architectural
pattern among different architectural patterns which helps to design and develop user interactive applications. In this paper, we explain how to improve
web application quality attributes by introducing the MVC architectural pattern in architectural design process. Our inclusion will help both small and
large scale web applications to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sections III presents software quality attributes and analyze how MVC architecture pattern improve quality of web application. At the end Section IV
presents the conclusion and future research work.
II.MVC architectural pattern
MVC [2] architectural pattern [3] is the core architectural design pattern among the different user interactive architectural pattern. A brief introduction
of MVC architectural pattern is defined in below section.
MVC architectural pattern is most extensively used by software architect designer, programmer and GUI developer while developing the user
interactive applications. The MVC architectural pattern contains three types of architectural units or components: Model, View and Controller which
actually separate the complete application logic to three logical units: business/entity (model), presentation (view) and control (controller). The model
component contains business logic and application data, the view use to retrieve and show application data from/to user and the controller handle the
user request/response through view and handle interaction between view and

Agile And Software Architecture : A March Together
Agile and Software Architecture: A March Together Karsun Solutions LLC Sujatha Dantuluri 01.09.2017 Contents Abstract:3 Definitions4 Agile:4
Enterprise Architecture:4 Problem:5 Solution6 Zachman Framework and userstory mapping will help architecture evolution for the project7 Togaf to
establish Architecture process:10 Conclusion:13 References13 Abstract: Notion of faster to market and changing rapidly to demands of the market
has given boost to Agile. Agile promotes iterative delivery and design as go because of which many organizations are given a hand to agile and
developers are doing architecture as they go into their iterations. Without proper architecture we will create silos and redundant... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As stated by Togaf documentation, Architecture is classified as Business Architecture Data Architecture Applications Architecture Technology
Architecture The combination of Data Architecture and Applications Architecture is also referred to as the Information Systems Architecture (The
Open Group, 2011). Problem: It is very important to delivery software faster to the market and in most sophisticated manner. Agile has provided a
promise faster to market and allows customer collaboration and agility to take change in requirements which facilitates development and delivery of
product which is more up to date with stakeholder requirements. This provides biggest benefits of faster market, Agility and welcome to change.
However Agile promotes smaller cycles of development and it needs features to be delivered iteratively. Agile promises faster and iterative delivery of
project whereas Architecture provides foundation on which a software can be developed. While building complex software it is very important to
define architecture properly. Modular approach and reuse makes it more complex increasing the need for

The Architecture Of Software Defined Radios Essay
2.1ARCHITECTURE OF SOFTWARE–DEFINED RADIOS
As Reed (Reed, 2002) and others have stressed out, that the benefits of SDR approach go way beyond the multimode operations. Other benefits stem
from the flexibility that comes with programmability. For instance, it can simplify design by allowing reuse of a common RF front end with new
designs or modes of operation available through software changes. It also enables improvements to radio performance and functionality through
application of digital signal processing (DSP) to implement adaptive beamforming, interference mitigation, and numerous other techniques either
proven or in development. As the SDR approach has gained traction, a variety of hardware and software tools for development and exploration have
become available. These tools are broadly accessible with reasonable cost and ease–of–use enabling new opportunities for engineering education and
research. Examples include National Instruments (NI) universal software radio peripheral (USRP)/ NI LabVIEW software , the Ettus Research
USRP/ GNU's Not Unix (GNU) Radio, WARP , the Lyrtech SDR Platform and the IMEC SDR Platform. For researchers, these platforms can provide a
starting point for development of prototypes operating on live signals. Such prototypes can effectively demonstrate the practical viability of an
implementation and are a step toward end deployment.
2.2THE NEED FOR SDR
The SDR offers a wide range of economic and deployment benefits which has attracted many

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Javascript Framework
Introduction. The last ten years have seen the release of a huge number of JavaScript frameworks. Designed and developed to aid in the rapid
development of websites, web applications and other online software. Previously, to develop large applications that were secure, fully functional, cross
browser applications would have taken a team of developers, working on bespoke front–end and backend systems. With the advancement of the web
browser, along with the maturing of HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript and the addition of frameworks the possibilities for complex web applications is huge.
It is now possible to substitute desktop applications with apps running in the browser. With the addition of web frameworks, developers can worry less
about the complexities... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the biggest disadvantages of using JavaScript frameworks is the learning curve involved with each different framework. Each has their
own way of working and can take time to learn the nuances of the framework. Another concern is new developers learning the frameworks and not
the JavaScript language. Because of the frameworks making development fairly easy, basic knowledge of the language can be lost or overlooked.
When using a framework a developer is limited to the core behaviour provided. Its behaviour cannot be modified, so when developing an application
a developer must take into consideration its limitations. Security can be a big issue for JavaScript frameworks, both positive and negative. Most
frameworks are open sourced, so this allows people to find flaws that could be exploited. People with bad motivations can study the code to figure out
how to attack a product using a certain framework. But on the positive side of things, being open–sourced also allows a community of developers to
find these flaws and eliminate them before they become a problem. SEO is another concern when using certain frameworks. Because the code is
rendered client side for most frameworks, it is hard for them to be indexed by search

Analysis and Design of Software Architecture
SA Analysis and Design
Software Architecture (707.023)
Denis Helic
KMI, TU Graz
Oct 19, 2011
Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz)
Oct 19, 2011
1 / 78
Outline
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Development Process Requirements Quality Attributes Runtime QA Non–runtime QA Requirements Analysis: Example Architectural Analysis &
Design Architectural Views
Oct 19, 2011

2 / 78
Development Process
Methodology
Diп¬Ђerent software development processes have software architecture as a part of the process Rational uniп¬Ѓed process Spiral development method
Agile development method Evolutionary rapid development
SA Analysis and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Use more compact formats, e.g. JSON vs XML
Oct 19, 2011
19 / 78
Runtime QA
Resources management
Overloaded components need to be avoided A chain is only as strong as its weakest link! E.g. a single–threaded shared resource is in use: all other
threads are blocked Very diп¬ѓcult to track down
Oct 19, 2011

20 / 78
Runtime QA
Usability
Usability is a very rich п¬Ѓeld If usability is important you will need a usability expert Combination of many factors: responsiveness, graphical design,
user expectations, conп¬Ѓdence Measuring with time taken to complete task, error rate,

Design Decisions For Understanding Software Architecture
Comparison of Different Architectural Styles Arpita P.Biswas
Student
Rahul Maheshwari
Student
Prof. Hema Gaikwad
Asst. Professor
SICSR
SICSR SICSR
Abstract: Software architecture is important because of communication among stakeholders, Design decisions for understanding software, transferable
design of a system. Software architecture represents a common design of a system that most if not all of the system 's stakeholders can use as a basis
for mutual understanding, negotiation, agreement, and communication. Software architecture manifests the earliest design decisions about a system,
and these early bindings carry weight .It is also the earliest point at which design decisions governing the system to be built can be analyzed. Software
architecture constitutes a relatively small, intellectually understandable model for how a system is structured and how its elements work together, and
this model is transferable across systems. There are different types of architectural styles: Distributed architecture, data flow architecture, implicit
asynchronous architecture, data centered architecture, hierarchical architecture and interaction oriented architecture. This paper compares all the
architectural styles and aspects of comparison are category, styles, advantages, disadvantages, examples.
Keywords: Distributed Architecture, Data Flow Architecture, Implicit Asynchronous

Essay on Web Application Attacks Prevention
ITT–TECH.EDU Web Application Attacks Prevention Week 3 Assignment Affiliated Date Sept.2013 Web Application Attacks Prevention advantage is
used to benefit a protective or preventative standard used for determining the dimensions, area, with response capabilities such as an application layer
firewall over a solution that identifies vulnerabilities in an application that are mean–full. Week 3 Assignment: Web Application Attacks Prevention
Learning Objectives and Outcomes You will be able to suggest appropriate defenses against common Web server and application attacks. Assignment
Requirements Defense against web attacks is a key element in a security professional's skill set. For this assignment, your manager has... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore in each scenario, an explanation on what threat or threats are expected, what defenses I intended to recommend, and why I would address
these recommendation: From the initial informing the information is the package uses a database backend and allows users to create user IDs, sites,
and their own content to post it. In order to rectify this problem first handily need the information gathered from identifying the attacks; this assist the
usefulness of information on the weak opening area an attackers' origination and the different of attacks being launched. Therefore in taking this
approach implies information found identity data gathering and foot printing targeted Aim Higher College's Web server. (Software securing, Admin
employment security capabilities); can be used in the development and refinement of the information security strategy and within the software
development life cycle of an organization. In recent, development in information gathering will be of the service on/ off–campus users who have access
to posted links that appear to be directed towards University resources. The redirecting is a malicious intent of malware infection that causes a
compromising in the system on campus to malware sites. What would be doing from my recommendation is that the application administrator

Enterprise Architecture Framework Maps All Of The Software...
Introduction
"Enterprise architecture framework maps all of the software development process within the enterprise and how they relate and interact to fulfill the
enterprises mission."[1] Frameworks are conceptually created to eliminate conflicts in the development phase. An easy transition and systematic
architecture are essential functions to process an enterprise. The following paper discusses TOGAF in detail, along with DoDAF and FEAF.
TOGAF is the most common enterprise architecture used globally to enhance business efficiency. It meticulously consists of business, application,
technical, and data architecture. [1] According to the open group, TOGAF is built from an earlier framework (TAFIM).[2]TAFIM was initially derived
from the United States defense department.
The new conceptual and elaborated version on TAFIM (TOGAF) is easier to comprehend, broader, developed to reflect a larger population group and
flexible to work with other enterprises. Some of the limitations mentioned in a research design include,
1.Although it's well designed and structured, it does not give a 'concrete guidance' to architects.
2.TOGAF acts more along the lines of a guidance tool, rather than a modeling language or a quality management system.
3."It is also wordy, and not consistent with meta models."[1][2][3]
The US Federal Chief Information Officers (CIO) Council established the Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework4 FEAF was developed in
requirement to the federal agencies, and

Introduction To Software Architecture. Usaace. Ncoa. Ssg
INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE USAACE NCOA SSG Guy A. Johnson 15USLC 17
–003 The world is becoming more and
more dependent on software systems. It is difficult to find any organization today that is not reliant or dependent on complex software systems in order
to function. Software systems are comprised of many components and have become increasingly complex over time. As the complexity of the software
systems grew, it has introduced new design problems and challenges. Many organizations adopted software architecture to resolve those challenges and
problems and to build solid and reliable systems needed by organizations today. The comparison between traditional (civil) architecture and software
design began in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It attempts to achieve the right balance between these competing interests. In order to find a balance, four key areas must be addressed. They include:
1. The business. The company's mission, values, philosophy, strategy, and activities. 2. Processes and existing computer systems. How workers
accomplish their work and the software systems they are currently using. 3. Project constraints. What the business wants the software to do, hardware
/software that already has capital investment and is already in use, timeline, and budget. 4. Technology Suitability, cost, and compatibility with existing
systems Often times these four areas have competing and conflicting interests. A proper software architecture is one that can provide the best solution
that can satisfy the conflicting interests. Software architecture identifies a solution that meets the functional requirements (describes what the software
should do) as well as quality attributes the software must support. Quality attributes define things about the behavior of the software, like how many
users need to access the system at one time or when the system must be available to the users. In today's world, most organizations in every industry
perform some level of software development. The reason they develop software varies, but often times it is that they cannot buy software that meet
their needs or that

A Dynamic Structural Design For Web Application
A DYNAMIC STRUCTURAL DESIGN FOR WEB APPLICATION
WITH CATEGORIZATION OF SYSTEMATIC DEMEANOR
1. INTRODUCTION
This research is concerned with the study and analysis of dynamic architecture and proposes an improved structural design based on categorization
based dynamic architecture. Categorization of systematic demeanor plays a significant role in dynamic structural design of architecture to determine
the systematic approach, browsing, performance, accuracy, multimedia access and navigation. By achieving systematic approach, the hierarchical
structure is the idea which is behind the categorization technique.
The extensive opportunities and convenient software design, and the larger demand for such applications have given rise to a considerable increase in
the number of people working on web applications design, Khan 2014. The PHP, J–Query is some of the important scripting languages that were used
for web applications development. PHP is a server–side scripting language employed for web development but also considered as a general–purpose
programming language. But in the recent times, young keen people have begun to design Web pages with the help of scripting languages without even
possessing the knowledge of even the simplest principles of software design.
Several authors have introduced different techniques for minimizing the complexity. One of the important methods is the introduction of the design
patterns in the PHP and the creation of a new design depending on the

A New And Efficient Hybrid Technique For The Automatic...
ABSTRACT
A new and efficient Hybrid Technique for the Automatic Scaling of Internet Things in Cloud Computing is proposed using Ant based techniques. The
Proposed methodology applied here is used for the load balancing over cloud computing and hence scales over cloud for internet on Things. The
methodology performs better in terms of Scalability and Decision Time and number of placements. The Various Experimental results Performed on
Cloud Environment proofs to be more efficient in terms of Decision Time and Response Time in Comparison. . The Proposed Methodology
implemented here is based on Ant based Clustering techniques, where Scaling of Internets is done by grouping the ants moving from one source Node
to Another.
Keywords: Cloud ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We assume that the public cloud infrastructure provides proper security and data backup solutions with a Service Level Agreement (SLA) and
mechanisms to fairly share its virtual resources among all its running VMs. The last few years have witnessed the emergence of cloud computing as a
rapid, limitlessly scalable, and cost–efficient alternative in contrast to the in–house data centers. The IaaS model delegates more control to the
customers over the provisioned resources. Hosting Internet applications in the IaaS environment is an efficient way to start a new and a sustainable
business that expands the IT infrastructure gradually with the business growth.
A simple architecture of cloud computing consist the data centers servers for web application as well as a switch whose function is balancing the load
and distribute the load to set of application server also hav–ing set of backend storage server. Fig. 1 shows the typical architecture of data center server
for the In–ternet applications. It consists of a load balancing switch, a set of application servers, and a set of backend storage servers. The front end
switch is typically a Layer 7 switch [5] which parses application level informa–tion in Web requests and forwards them to the servers with the
corresponding applications running.
As each server machine can host

Software Architecture in Banking
CSSE 377 – Software Architecture & Design II Software Architecture in Banking A Comparative Paper on the Effectiveness of Different Software
Architectures Within an Financial Banking System JD Hill Andrew Robby Kruth Joe Salisbury Sam Varga 11/9/2010 Introduction Software
architecture design is an important aspect of our daily lives whether we know it or not. There are so many different systems that we interact with on a
daily basis that we do not recognize are closely tied to software architecture decisions. These systems handle things from stoplights, electricity,
televisions, communications, and many other things. Another example of a software system involved with our life is a system that powers banks and
financial networks... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With security being a big issue, we will want to make sure that the architecture document shows the necessary aspects that make the system secure. This
could be encryption algorithms or specially designed components that make security breaches less likely. For the modifiability of the system, we will
want to have a component catalog that goes through each aspect of the system and outlines what its functionality is. Within this document, we will also
want to see the types of feature that could possibly be added to the system and where they would recommend additional components be built on. Figure
2: A Flow Chart of how criteria turns into architectural decisions and documentation Database–Driven Architecture One of the most prominent software
architecture design strategies is a repositorybased system. There are two different parts of repository based that we will look at: Blackboard
architecture and Database–driven. Both of these styles have some common aspects, but also differ somewhat. The main component of each system is
based on a central data structure. This data structure can interact with other aspects of the system. Also, the composition of these systems allows there
to be independent computational elements. This can allow several different processes to run at a time

Wireless Sensor Networks For Monitoring Physiological
Wireless Sensor Networks for Monitoring Physiological Signals of Multiple Patients Submitted by: Vanila Kotha CONTENTS 1.Introduction3 1.1
Aim3 1.2 Purpose and Scope4 1.3 Project Overview4 2.Need Analysis 2.1 Inputs4 2.2 Feasibility study5 2.3 Existing system7 2.4 Proposed system7
3.System Requirements3.1 Hardware requirements8 3.2 Software requirements8 4.Concept exploration4.1 Inputs9... Show more content on
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Be that as it may, to make these wearable gadgets down to earth, an arrangement of specialized, lawful and sociological obstructions need to be
succeed. For instance, these gadgets need to be non–nosy, agreeable to wear, effective in force utilization, protect security and have an easy to
understand interface. They would additionally need to have low disappointment rate and profoundly faultless caution triggers, particularly if utilized
for demonstrative purposes. In this task we are going to ascertain tolerates heart rate, temperature, anxiety and breathe rate. We are going to actualize
this undertaking in 2 ways, both manual and programmed. Purpose and Scope: Lately, there has been a multiplication of shopper wellbeing checking
gadgets. A decent parcel of these gadgets have been created for the games molding and weight administration territories. There are refined watches
accessible today that give continuous heart rate data and let clients store and examine their information on their home Pcs. Body–media has created an
armband that has different sensors (galvanic skin reaction, skin and close body temperature, two–hub accelerometer and hotness flux) to persistently
gather physiological information

The Design And Development Of The Architecture For The...
History of REST
Since 1994, the REST architectural style has been used to guide the design and development of the architecture for the modern Web (Roy T. Fielding,
2000)
When HTTP , Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI), was being developed by the Internet Engineering Taskforce there was a need for a model to be
created of how the WWW should actually work.
This idealized model of the interactions within a web application, is what was then later referred to as the Representational State Transfer (REST)
architectural style and it became the foundation for the modern Web architecture, providing the guiding principles by which flaws in the preexisting
architecture could be identified and extensions validated prior to deployment. (Roy T. Fielding., et al., 2005)
World Wide Web
Initially the web was meant for researchers but around 1993 it became evident that more entities were likely to use it as usage was starting to spread to
campus dorms, clubs houses personal home pages and later to the institutions and commercial companies.
When individuals started publishing their personal information, on different topics they felt fanatic about this social network effect started a rapid
growth of sites that still goes on to this day. Commercial interest also was beginning, but it was evident by then that the ability to publish on an
international wide scale would be inevitable to business and related entities.
Despite this initial success that was being witnessed, a concern came to the

Designing An Architecture For A Software Product
Question 1: What is Architecture? Why It is Important to Create an Architecture for a Software Product? Answer 1: About Architecture: п
ѓ There is
lots of different definition for architecture for different people. Like as a noun we can consider to an Architecture as a "Structure", like something in
terms of its components and interaction. As a verb we can define an Architecture as a "Vision", like process of architecting, significant design decision,
etc. пѓ In a real world definition we can simply say that: "Architecture is a formal description of a system." пѓ In my words I am defining to an
Architecture as a "A strong Imagination" means like a picture comes in our mind when we thought about something." Importance of an Architecture:
пѓ We can recognize the key area of satisfaction and dissatisfaction using software architecture which cannot be recognized at the code level. пѓ We
are using different technology for the larger program or a project or we can say an application. This various technology needs to be arranged to
recognize quality of the product. By using the software architecture we can easily recognize key scenario and identify important quality attribute like
reliability or scalability (usability). Question 2: What is an Architecture Viewpoint? Describe the basic view point. Answer 2: Architecture Viewpoint:
пѓ In a real world we can define to viewpoint like "A Situation or A Place or we can say a position from which something we can observe"

Software Architecture By Phillipe Kruchten
In the paper Architectural Blueprints–The "4+1" View Model of Software Architecture by Phillipe Kruchten, he examines how developers can use
multiple views to capture the software architecture and how these views are more desirable than a single viewport that tries to capture everything.
Each view, should ideally, address one specific set of concerns. For Kruchten,software architecture is the deliberate assembling of various architectural
elements to fulfill the requirements of the system. The intent was to come up with a mechanism to separate the different aspects of a software system
into different views of the system. This is because different stakeholders always have different interest in a software system. Some features of a system
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The logical view, which is the object model of the design (when an object–oriented design technique is used),
The process view, which captures the concurrency and synchronization aspects of the design,
The development view, which describes the static organization of the software in its development environment
The physical view, which describes the mapping of the software onto the hardware and reflects its distributed aspect.
Article Analysis:
Each of the views in the 4 + 1 View Model views are meant to handle a particular set issues:
The logical view
This contains information about the various elements of the system. The Logical view is modelled in UML using Class, Object, State machine and
Interaction diagrams (e.g Sequence diagrams). It 's connection is absolutely to developers.
The process view
This describes the concurrent processes within the system. It incorporates some non–functional aspects such as performance and availability. To model
process view in UML, Activity diagrams are used to represent concurrent behavior.
The development view
The development view describes software modules and subsystems. In UML, Package and Component diagrams are used to represent the development
view.
The physical view
The physical view describes the physical deployment of the system. For example, it describes how many nodes

Software Product Lines and Architecture
IV. SOFTWARE PRODUCT LINES
A software product line (SPL) is a set of software–intensive systems that share a common, managed set of features satisfying the specific needs of a
particular market segment or mission and that are developed from a common set of core assets in a prescribed way.
Software product lines are emerging as a viable and important development paradigm allowing companies to realize order–of–magnitude improvements
in time to market, cost, productivity, quality, and other business drivers. Software product line engineering can also enable rapid market entry and
flexible response, and provide a capability for mass customization.
The various product variants can be derived from the basic product family. The purpose is to reduce the time and cost of production, and to increase
software quality by reusing core assets. The general process of product lines is based on the reusability of requirements, documentation, architecture and
components.
The process of product lines is based on the reusability of requirements, architecture and components. It consists of two phases:
Domain Engineering.
Application Engineering. Fig.1 Software Product Lines Process
The above figure shows the three different aspects of the Software Product Line,
Core Assets – are the base used to produce new software products. They are defined on the basis of preexisting products and future products. Core
assets that evolve as new products are developed.
Domain Engineering – or

Software Architecture And Methodology As A Tool For...
ABSTRACT Nowadays, traditional software processes have slowly taken the place of agile software Processes. This is mostly because of
traditional processes have limitations, which holds a slow modification to quickly changing requirements, and a proclivity to go over cost of
project and get late back in schedule. This paper explains objectives, pros, and cons of agile and traditional processes. It is also briefly describing
the Unified Process as well as common elements of the Scrum process model. Lastly, it is proposing a new Component Integrated process model
which integrates the Scrum process from agile and Unified Process from convential process. This new CIM process model will adapt the pros of both
processes at the same time it will... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These are some reason that traditional processes replace agile processes mainly in small and simple projects. This is happening because of traditional
methods' limitations and deficiencies, which includes a slow adaptation to business requirements changes, and a tendency to go over budget and as
well as behind schedule. The traditional methods also lack in providing improvements in simplicity, productivity and reliability phenomena's. Despite of
these limitations, traditional methods are widely used by many software developers in projects. Traditional methods are capable to provide high
assurance, predictability, and stability and their nature is structural, straightforward, and methodological. Agile processes mainly focus on incremental
as well as iterative development. Also, frequent deliveries after each sprints and customer collaboration are key element of Agile. Agile process has
many advantage such as short lifecycle, low bug–rate, high customer satisfaction, and fast adaptation to changing requirements. Despite the fact that
agile process has many advantages, Software Organizations still using traditional process and not jumping into agile. We have summarized the
characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses and issues of the conventional and agile methods in below Table1. Table1. Comparison between
Conventional and Agile Methods As mentioned in table1, it compares characteristics, strength and weakness and of agile and

Taking a Look at eBay Inc.
Introduction As the majority of us know, eBay Inc. is an American based (Headquarters: San Jose, California) multinational corporation that is
dominant on the internet for consumer–to–consumer product or goods sales. eBay Inc. was founded in the year of 1995 as a personal project by its
founder cum creator, Pierre Omidyar, for his personal goal of assisting his wife's personal hobby of collecting Pez dispensers. However, in 1998 the
company went public, and since then it's President and CEO has been Meg Whitman ever since. It rose to prominence ever since as the largest online
auction and shopping website for consumers to buy and sell variety of products and goods. Currently, it is a multi–billion dollar company with its
services and operations available and present in over thirty countries and more. What started as a personal project has gone on to revolutionize the
e–commerce platform and has become a huge success of the dot–com bubble. Throughout its existence, eBay Inc. has used many different approaches
towards its clients, and consumers in order to make the environment as safe and reliable as possible. This is due to the fact that the e–commerce
platform has its own challenges from time to time, and for a company like eBay Inc. that does what it does, it is very important to have the uttermost
grip and upper hand on their information system architecture. Therefore, eBay Inc. needs to take all the steps necessary to protect its buyers, sellers,
and the company itself

Difference Between Dojo And Gadjo
Comparision of AngularJS with enterprise toolkits like DOJO
Dojo Toolkit:
(quoting from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dojo_Toolkit)
Dojo Toolkit is an open source modular JavaScript library (or more specifically JavaScript toolkit) designed to ease the rapid development of
cross–platform, JavaScript/Ajax–based applications and web sites. Dojo is a Javascript framework targeting the many needs of large–scale client–side
web development. For example, Dojo abstracts the differences among diverse browsers to provide APIs that will work on all of them. It establishes a
framework for defining modules of code and managing their interdependencies; it provides build tools for optimizing JavaScript and CSS, generating
documentation, and unit testing; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of these provisions are:
AngularJS encourages and enforces to minimize DOM manipulations and recommends to perform DOM manipulation only from directives that can be
used in HTML thus avoiding spaghetti code resulting from extensive DOM manipulations and DOM events etc. that are hard to debug and trace in
large web applications. Angular directives also help to increase the semantics of the HTML.
Angular provides features like modules that lets the application developer package different parts of the application logic as modules to increase
modularity and maintainability of the application.
Angular provides features like DI (Dependency Injection) design pattern inherently that help in maintaining modularity and comprehensibility of the
application.
Project structure scaffolds are available for AngularJS for development of maintainable enterprise web application.
Dojo does not provide mechanisms to minimize DOM manipulations and thus for large web applications, DOM manipulations tend to increase the
chances of "spaghetti" code in the application and thus it affects the maintainability of the application. Dojo supports modules (AMD) but does not
provide the DI pattern for the web application. (quoting from

Eclipse Is An Open Source Integrated Development...
Milestone 12: Case Study–Eclipse
Yujia Xie
I.Introduction
Eclipse is an open source Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for almost every computer programming language over a dozen platforms
(Mac, Linux, Windows, etc.). In fact, it is one of the most popular IDEs nowadays for multiple programming languages, especially Java. Back in 2001,
Eclipse 1.0 came out as a framework, a flexible architecture that served as the building tool for developers, providing a variety of accessible toolkits,
private or public, to ease to process of programming. Over the course of time, Eclipse takes in developers' feedbacks and enhances its accessibility and
usability, releasing new versions with more functionality (i.e. Java Development Tools,Plug–in Development Environment, Rich Client Platform, etc.).
One of the core ideas behind Eclipse is to allow users (in this case developers) to write and share modules (i.e. toolkits), different from the previous
IDEs that hides their individual building classes. For example, the pioneer Plug–in Development Environment (PDE) for Eclipse was designed
specifically for this purpose, allowing developers to build and test their own plugins that would later benefit the performance of Eclipse. Eclipse
provide an environment that individual users can manipulate the framework to facilitate their daily work. Like most of the open source software,
originally, Eclipse was written by a group of paid, full time developer, setting up the fundamental structure at

Software Define Network And Network Architecture
Abstract Software–Define Network (SDN) has emerged as a very promising network architecture in recent years. It largely simplifies the network logic
and makes the network traffic more controllable by decoupling data plane and control plane out of the traditional network architecture, and having
centralized controllers to control network switches. The significant difference from the traditional network architecture is that the network traffic
routing is centralized into controllers such that network switches are only need to perform forwarding, instead of complicated routing protocols. The
centralized controlling scheme of SDN has many novel and important capabilities such as global view of the network, software–based traffic analysis,
and dynamic reconfiguring of network forwarding rules. The SDN has attracted the interests of many attackers due to the use of centralized
controlling architecture and many security flaws are remained to be addressed yet. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is one of the most
frequent network attack that no effective countermeasure is acknowledged in traditional network. Fortunately, the characteristics of SDN bring us
new chances to effectively against DDoS attacks. In this paper, we are going to discuss the classifications and characteristics of DDoS, analyze the
advantaged capabilities of SDN architecture, and present a survey of the methods to detect and prevent DDoS attacks using SDN, and review the
studies of SDN as a victim of

Autonomous Vehicles and Software Architectures Essay
Author: Anonymous Date: Tuesday, August 21, 2012 10:07:54 AM EDT Subject:Week 1 Discussion 2
"Autonomous Vehicles and Software Architectures " Please respond to the following: * Autonomous vehicles utilize integrated imaging and vision
systems, sensor systems, and control systems to "drive a car". Determine what you believe are the top–five challenges of integrating these systems.
Provide one example for each challenge and explain why you believe it is a challenge. * Explain whether you believe there is a difference between
designing and developing software for distributed architectures and stand–alone, non–distributed systems. Provide at least five reasons to support your
position.
Autonomous Vehicles and Top–Five Challenges ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They could provide bogus information to drivers, masquerade as a different vehicle, or use denial–of–service attacks to bring down the network. The
nefarious possibilities are mind–boggling–the stuff of sci–fi thrillers. But system security will undoubtedly become a paramount issue for transportation
systems with the successful deployment of integrated sensor based and cooperative vehicles.
Difference Between Distributed and Non–Distributed Systems
A distributed system is a computing system in which a number of components cooperate by communicating over a network.
Computer software traditionally ran in stand–alone systems, where the user interface, application 'business' processing, and persistent data resided in
one computer, with peripherals attached to it by buses or cables.
Inherent complexities, which arise from fundamental domain challenges: E.g., components of a distributed system often reside in separate address
spaces on separate nodes, so inter–node communication needs different mechanisms, policies, and protocols than those used for intra–node
communication in a stand–alone systems. Likewise, synchronization and coordination is more complicated in a distributed system since components
may run in parallel and network communication can be asynchronous and non–deterministic.

Agile Software Architecture Written By Christine Miyachi
The first article I focused on was Agile Software Architecture written by Christine Miyachi. This article mainly focused on the concept of agile
software development. The concept of agile development is mainly based on interactions between the software developer and the consumer of the
software. An agile software is something that can be fixed at the last minute due to sudden changes (Miyachi, 2011). With the ability to change the
developing software at any moment in the process, it is widely believed that the cost to do this would be very high but agile method experts say that
with changing software the cost will actually level out over time (Miyachi, 2011). In order for this method to work, a development team must accept a
process... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The article mainly focused on comparing an evolutionary method to the waterfall method. The author of the article believed that the waterfall model is
very unrealistic and dangerous to use as a primary development tool for any project (Gilb, 1985). The waterfall method is scheduled for a single
finished date and all planning, design and analysis is done in the very beginning before the software coding begins (Gilb, 1985). The evolutionary
model is based on delivering to a real user, measuring the added value to the user, and adjusting any issues (Gilb, 1985). A key difference
emphasized in the article was that a system built in the evolutionary model is real and always changing while the waterfall method is not (Gilb,
1985). The waterfall method is more focused on what the software will do as compared to the evolutionary method which is more focused on how
well the software will work for the client (Gilb, 1985). Gilb had the opinion that the waterfall method is no longer a method to follow (Gilb, 1985).
Back in 1985, Gilb wanted to show readers that the evolutionary method was the way software should be developed and that the clients were more
interested in a technology that was perfected for them (Gilb, 1985). As seen in the waterfall approach, it was very common to have a software
developed for a client and the client would not even know who the developer was (Gilb, 1985). The waterfall method was effective but it is a method

Software Architecture : Designing And Creation Of A...
Abstract
Evolution of technology has made the software systems complex requiring better methods to improve their quality and this can be done by applying
the principles of Software architecture. Over the years, different ways and styles have evolved in this field helping us to understand the software
systems. This paper examines and evaluates two of the earliest papers written in this field giving us an insight in today's world. The techniques
mentioned in these two papers have set a base for the developers of today to analyze and further evaluate the software systems.
1. Introduction
Software architecture is the designing and creation of a structured framework which comprises elements that meet the software requirements and allows
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Among her other work, she has received a lot of recognition for her paper 'Software Architecture' by her peers.
This essay further discusses the work in the two papers and provides critical analysis for both in the following sections.
2. Discussion
It can be rightfully said that both the papers have a few positive as well as negative aspects. Index Production System is analyzed in the first paper
whereas the second paper focuses on different abstraction techniques and their features. The following sections lists the positive and negative aspects
by the respective papers.
2.1Positive aspects of the first paper
Flowchart method defined.
Proper division of different modules depending on the task assignment.
Features of Objective oriented programming
Proper description of decompositions along with both its advantages and defects.
2.2Positive aspects of the second paper

Proper description of abstraction programming
Highlighting the importance of subsystems
Explanation of algorithms useful for analysis and improvisation of software
Detailed explanation of the algorithms – Pipes and filters
2.3Similarities
Division into multiple modules: Modular Programming has been examined by both the papers. Parnas has introduced the types of algorithm data and
defined criterion while Shaw has explained it further by providing examples.
Use of Objective oriented programming: Both, Parnas and Shaw, used

Designing And Implementation Of A Application For...
Designing and Implementation of Ubiquitous Application for Hospitality Regulation System (DIUHRS) Prof. Sangita Chaudhari, Shreyank Vartak,
Tejal Rane, Vineet Singh Sangita123sp@gmail.com, shreyank.n.v@gmail.com, ranetejal345@gmail.com, vineetstrump@gmail.com Abstract
– –– With
the introduction of the technologies like wifi, Bluetooth and technological devices such as tablets, simple concepts of the real world are moving
towards wireless, fast, less complex and also time saving fronts. "Designing and implementation of ubiquitous Application for Hospitality Regulation
System" which happens to be our project topic is also one attempt to ease the process of ordering in various restaurants. The basic functionalities that
are expected from the project and are essential as well can be listed as Ordering, Waiting, Billing and Advertisement. As far as the advertisement and
customer attraction part of the application, we included the GPS based message sending which detects the location of registered users and can be set
to user defined radius. The main objective behind the system or project is solely to minimize the time any customer spends while he is unattended.
The system aims towards achieving quality with minimized time which is normally required to deal with for the same chores in a traditional manner.
As far as the system rises up to issues like delayed ordering and payment, inefficient ways of

Software Architecture and Software Design
1.Introduction
Scenario
A software design must be produced to support a number of self–service stations for a small supermarket (stand–alone, not part of a national chain).
This will involve interaction with various hardware devices, the main aim is to design and evaluate a suitable architecture and at least a simple
demonstration mock–up of the system should be implemented.
The aims and business drivers of the project are to:
Develop a self service system that is safe and usable using ASP.net
Incorporate & process customer payment
Determine how the system will interact with various hardware devices
Use the multi–tier structure for the system's architecture
2. Overview of software architecture
To date the term software architecture is not precisely defined or agreed upon due to the various conceptions and theories of the term.
According to Wikipedia (2014) software architecture is the design and construction of software, it specifies the set of structures that are used to
encapsulate & describe a software system. Software architecture is a set of architectural design decisions, furthermore it is also specified by the set of
principles and practises that are used to document and design a system, documentation is used for software architecture to capture design decisions in
regards to the high level design and to allow for the reuse of design components between projects.
Software architecture is concerned with the software elements that make up a

Computer Architecture : The Terminal Server Architecture
The first famous business applications architecture that was used in the 1950s until 1990 was the terminal server architecture.
Mainframe architecture:
At the beginning of the application architecture world, we had mainframes that executed all the applications logic in a centralized manner and the mini
computers as terminals that just displayed the applications screens to the users and captured user's inputs. The main advantage of this architecture was
that deployment was easy to perform. The main disadvantage was that user interface was very limited, the display was characters based and the user's
inputs was limited to a keyboard.
Client/Server
The terminal server architecture was replaced in the 1990 with the client server architecture. In this era most of the application logic was moved to the
clients and the server was mostly limited to a database server to exchange data between client and server. One on the main disadvantage of this
architecture was that, you needed to deploy the application on each client and there could be potential compatibility issues between different clients.
Web App model:
In the early 2000, web application architecture started replacing client/server architecture. Most of the application logic went back to the server like in
the mainframes era. This model solved the deployment problem that existed with the client server architecture, but brought back the problems that were
in the mainframe era of having to go to the server every time

The Analysis And Design Phase Of The Sdlc Of A Project
1.Differentiating the Analysis and Design phase of the SDLC of a project, including various activities of the design stage
The structure and order of activities exercised for the advance of systems, are known as the "System Development Life Cycle". The activities and
processes within this outline are typically executed according to a sound defined and complete sets of process known as methodologies. These
methodologies comprise specific actions for the requirement analysis as well as the design of mutually the data and development sections of the
arrangement.
We initiate the development of the project through the primary phase or stage of SDLC which is an analysis of the requirements as well as
specification of the requirements. The next is the design phase, which comprises of the low level and high level design activities. The further
investigates with the database and system design activities in the complete SDLC process.
System Analysis diagram for analyzing the data required for the project:
Analysis is the division of the substantial or intellectual entire into its component parts for person reading; the affirmed verdicts of like a determination
or separation. Whereas the System design is that group of activities and processes whereby the requirements as to how the information is to be
collected, processed, maintained, into data along with made accessible to the client who cleared those requirements. It is an arrangement for what
actions should be executed on

Nt1310 Unit 5 Core Technologies

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