Essay About The Italian Immigrants Of Post-1880

Essay about The Italian Immigrants of Post-1880
"Between 1880 and 1920 more than 4.1 million Italians were recorded as entering the United States"
(Daniels, p. 188). The Italian immigrants of post–1880 were different from other immigrant groups
by these topics of religion, labor, family orientation, politics, and education. The 1880s brought a
change not only in the amount of Italian immigrants but also the characteristic of them as a group.
This group of immigrants was incredibly male dominated, in comparison to the other immigrants of
this time, most settling in New York and Chicago. The living conditions that these Italians
encountered were not pleasant. It was common for them to live in very crowded four bedroom
apartments. Compared to other immigrants, they had one of the worsts ... Show more content on
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The padrone system faded out as family networks grew. The relationships of their family were
essentially the only connection they had. They did not rely on politics or get involved in public
office. They tended to only associate with family or fellow Italians in the area. For this reason,
mafias emerged in America because of the strong devotion to family and eventually family business.
The Italians were mostly Catholic with the belief that "priests were agents of the pope and bishops"
(Daniels, p. 197). As more Italians arrived, they began to form distinct enclaves in neighborhoods
first settled by earlier immigrants. Interestingly the issue of diet among immigrant workers received
attention during this time. Italian Laborers, Padrones, and Pernicious Pasta reads, "In the process,
Italian foods were redefined as a "problem" for the fitness, health, and future prosperity of the
Italian worker and therefore a threat to workplace efficiency and productivity" (Slideshow 7:
Additional Links). The padrone system became concerned with the foods their workers ate because
it could affect the way they worked and essentially the way the padroni was paid. In 1890, Jacob
Riis, a Danish immigrant and police reporter published How the Other Half Lives where he wrote
about a mixed impression from the Italian immigrants in New York City. In the excerpt regarding
Italians, Riis judged them on their unsanitary living conditions and
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History of Tango Essay
The man and woman face each other, with the man holding the woman's right hand in his left, and
with his right arm around her. The Tango is the third dance to use this hold for couple dancing. The
Viennese Waltz is the first dance done in this couple hold. It was very popular in Europe in the
1830's. Couple dancing before the Viennese Waltz was very formal and did not involve a lot of
physical contact just mainly holding hands. About 10 years after the Viennese Waltz came the Polka.
Also taking Europe by storm, the Polka became the newest craze to use this scandalous new hold.
Tango was extremely different from anything that came before it, and was the biggest influence on
all couple dancing in the Twentieth Century. The story of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
From this came a mix of cultures and eventually the creation of the Tango. Although it can't be
proven that this is its exact origin this is the theory that is most logical. The relentless rhythms that
the African slaves, the candombe, beat on their drums (known as tan–go); the popular music of the
pampas (flatlands) known as the milonga, which combined Indian rhythms with the music of early
Spanish colonists; and other influences, including Latin. Some say the word "tango" comes from the
Latin word tangere (to touch.) It was the dance of sorrow. It speaks with body language. More then
just frustrated love, it is also said to speak of death and pain. It was the perfect dance for social
outcasts; it epitomized their feelings about their life.
The act in the Tango was originally intended to be for a prostitute and her pimp. Even some titles in
the tango referred to characters in the world of prostitution. Other acts were for two men to fight for
the love of a woman where it would always end in death. The tango was very sexual and violent, not
literally but that's what it was intended to mean.
In 1912 the lower classes were allowed to vote because of the universal suffrage law in Argentina.
The lower class saw to legitimize many of its cultures mainstream, including the Tango. It was still
seen as an obscene dance during this time. When wealthy sons of Argentine society families made
their way to Paris

Anthropology And Forensic Anthropology
In recent years, a crime scene investigation is becoming more complex and sophisticated, thanks to
the advancement of science and technology, now there are many more resources for research, which
is why Forensic Anthropology has also changed and has come a long way in assisting medical and
legal specialists in identifying unidentified human or not human remains. But, what is Forensic
Anthropology? Anthropology is a science that has many subfields. One of them is Physical
Anthropology, and Forensic Anthropology is a practical application of this subfield, that "specializes
in the identification of human skeletal remains for legal purposes" (Haviland et al, 8). According to
the American Board of Forensic Anthropology (ABFA), "Forensic anthropology is the application of
the science of physical or biological anthropology to the legal process. Physical or biological
anthropologists who specialize in forensics primarily focus their studies on the human skeleton".
M.Y. Iscan, in turn, defines it more broadly as the expertise of human remains and their ... Show
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In general, the nature of human remains and physical evidence that a forensic anthropologist can
examine to obtain relevant information covers a wide range, from something as small as a single
tooth or bone fragment, to something much greater as body segments or a complete skeleton. In the
legal field, the identification of skeletal remains is important in solving a crime, but moreover, it
also serves as support for other aspects, such as the case of an inheritance, marital status of a person
for legal purposes, as well as humanitarian reasons, in case of accidents, natural disasters, wars,
where people want to know what really happened to their loved ones, instead of the uncertainty
whether they are alive or not, people would prefer to bury them and grieve before continuing with
the open

The Golden Age of Piracy Essay example
During the 16th, 17th and early 18th centuries, piracy was rampant in the Atlantic, specifically in the
West Indies. Piracy has existed since the earliest days of ocean travel, for a range of personal and
economic reasons. However, one of the major reasons why piracy was wide spread and rampant in
the 16th, 17th and early 18th centuries was Great Britain's endorsement and usage of piracy as an
asset; in wars fought in the New World. Great Britain with its expanding power and conflicts with
other nations would make piracy a lifestyle and lay down the foundation for the Golden Age of
Piracy and eventually bring what it created to a screeching halt.
Piracy flourished openly in the New World, but more so in the West Indies. Within the ... Show more
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Spain under King Philip the second, was the most powerful nation in Europe at the time and sought
to weaken Elizabeth's reign and have her replaced. So, for the Queen to keep her power and avoid
open conflict with Spain, England engaged in an "aggressive para–naval policy towards Spain; and
sought to counter Spanish expansion in the New World. Privateering expeditions were under the
guise of seeking new channels for English trade, but in fact the expeditions mainly attacked Spanish
colonies in the New World. The English privateer John Hawkins, was one of the first hired and
supported by England to attack Spanish colonies and trading vessels. Hawkins was the first
Englishman to trade slaves in the New World, however he employed "warlike" methods of forcing
trade and engaged a and defeated a Spanish fleet in the harbor of Vera Cruz. Another famous
privateer who was utilized by the English government was Sir Francis Drake. Drake obtained a
privateering commission from Queen Elizabeth in 1570, to strike at Spanish trading vessels and port
cities. In the years that followed, he sacked the Spanish towns of Nombre de Dios and Panama,
which in the process he captured a Spanish sliver mule train. Under Elizabeth's orders, Drake sent
sail on December. 13, 1577, where he sought to raid Spain's Pacific colonies he knew were hardly
defended. He circumnavigated the globe in the process and

The Allende Governance A New Governance Essay
After the fall of the Allende governance a new governance was applied which led to rise of free
market economy through the use of different reforms like privatization and deregulation. With low
level of understanding in economics Pinochet hired economists who were tasked with freeing the
economy from the previous destruction caused by socialists. According to De Haan by 1970 Chile
recorded least freedom in its economy (De Haan et al 220). But later the economy started
experiencing major growth from 1980s which increased economic growth from7.2 percent
compared to other countries in South America. While the country economic progress has received
international recognition, their development hasn't been easy as it has faced major critical moments
to their economic success. For example during the 1982 recession the gross domestic product
dropped by 14.1 % which resulted to overvaluation of their currency which made the currency more
vulnerable to harsh changes in international economy. This changes led to decrease in capital which
decreased availability of finance meant to finance investments. According to Buchi this led to an
increase in unemployment by 23% and decrease in salaries and wages by over 10% (Buchi 10).
Years later Chile has been able to experience economic growth especially in the 1980s compared
with other countries in South America who underwent similar crises. This success has been achieved
through the application of crisis management process which had affected

The Power of Speaking More Than Two Languages
In chapter 12 "Language Diversity and Schooling" of Banks et al. (2012) talks about the US
demographic changes in the last decade and the challenges this learners face in our educational
system. They say that the new immigration waves are the primary sources of new linguistic diversity
in the US. Additionally, they also state that immigration today is more diverse than ever, new
immigrants are exhibiting a significant range in educational level, social class, and economic capital.
Present immigrants are more likely than native–born populations to have family members who have
graduated from college and "they are not just simply assimilated into mainstream society as was
once assumed" (Banks et al., 2012, p. 221).
Chapter 12 also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For Spanish they were tested in IDEL Fluidez en las palabras sin sentido (FPS), Fluidez en la
Lectura oral (FLO), and Word list Fluency in Spanish (WFLS). The data was collected when
students were assessed in May and June by Spanish and English fluency measures.
Results
The descriptive statistics for second grade level based on all measures of the data available shows
that on average the students read about the same number of words per minute English (54) and
Spanish (55). Scores in (WLF–S and WLF–E) were lower on passage fluency (8 and 6 words per
minute lower for English and Spanish, respectively). In English, the students' performance was
placed in the 21st percentile of comprehension compared to the total school population. In Spanish,
the mean corresponded to the 52nd percentile subtest referenced to the Spanish–speaking school
population in the United States. Therefore, the study suggested that students in this sample, on
average, had higher comprehension skills in Spanish than English.
Significance of the Results
After much analysis with the results, the experts concluded that they did not find any big differences
between the effects of Spanish and English comprehension on passage fluency within and across the
language in the Wald test. In addition, they found that reading in both languages enhance the fluency
and comprehension in native–language as well second language passage fluency. The study also

Biography on Sir Francis Drake
Francis Drake was born in 1542 in Devonshire, England. He loves the water and can always find
himself going back to it over the years. Drake was the oldest of twelve children. Sir Francis Drake's
father was Edmund Drake and his mother was Mary Mlyaye Drake. His father worked as a farmer
on the land of Lord Frances Russell. Francis Drake was named after his father's employer which was
also Drake's god father. Drake married his first wife, Mary Newman in 1569. After twelve years of
marriage, she died in 1581. Then in 1585, Drake married Elizabeth Sydenhan. Sir Francis Drake
never had any children of his own. At an early age, Francis started to work on a ship that would sail
between France and England to trade goods. Drake listened and did what he was to do so well that
when the owner of the ship passed away, he had no children of his own, so he left the barque to
Drake. Shortly after that, Drake was enlisted to assist his cousins; The Hawkins. They would sail
around and seize merchant ships off of the French coast. They were considered privateers. In his
early 1560, Drake was given his own ship; The Judith. He enlisted the help of his cousin, John
Hawkins. They would sail to Africa to start in slave trading. This was totally against Spanish laws.
After they purchased their slaves, they would go back to New Spain and sell their slaves to settlers
there. On one of their trips they were held up by the Mexican port of San Juan de Ulua in which they

Venezuel A Powerful Member State
Nevertheless, Venezuela is "a very powerful member state because of its size, its highly
industrialized society, and a GPD comparable to that of Argentina and Brazil." It also has the
"second largest export sector of all Latin American countries and the largest oil and gas reserves in
Latin America." These factors equip Venezuela with sufficient power to affect the Mercosur agenda
and rival the influence of Argentina and Brazil. The Argentinian government, led by President
Cristina Kirchner, has sympathized with Chavez's vision for Mercosur. However, the Brazilian
government has taken a different position and wishes to continue Mercosur's original agenda of free
trade and open markets, but "it needs to remain a member to maintain ... Show more content on
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These two countries governments are left leaning, sympathetic to Venezuela's politics of resistance,
and wish to promote a regional integration that involves regional resistance to American hegemony.
They share with Venezuela a 'Bolivarian' vision of Latin American unity and power. Thus, in the
near future, the majority of Mercosur members will likely share and promote an anti neo–liberal
agenda rather than a free–trade one.
b. Challenges to Accomplishing Venezuela's New Vision for Mercosur
The prospect of achieving Mercosur's progressive new vision is fraught with challenges as much as
it is inspired by hope. United States interests will continue to resist losing their economic and
political grip in the region. This will not be the only obstacle facing the success of this new vision.
The sheer magnitude of the project will require a serious commitment, and Latin America's diversity
of political beliefs and cultures could prove to be more marked than its homogeneity. For example,
there are two Latin Americas at the moment. The first is a bloc of countries include Brazil,
Argentina, Venezuela, Bolivia, Nicaragua and Ecuador. They mistrust globalization, resists neo–
liberalism, and seek to "give the state a large role in the economy." The second bloc, including
Mexico, Peru, Chile, and Colombia, embraces free trade and free markets and has a closer
connection with Washington. Both sets of countries share similar geography, culture and

Tango : What Is Important Factors That Made It Happen?
Tango
Tango is known as one of the most popular dances in the world from its music, its rhythm to its
complex steps. It is performed everywhere from the ballrooms in Europe, on the streets in
Argentina, in the dancing contests, to public places such as parks. Tango originated in Argentina and
was the mix of many type of dances, cultures, and types of music. The evolution of this dance still
remains as a thrilling story; however, the popularity of this dance around the world is obvious. In
this paper, I want to investigate some questions: one is Why this kind of dance was popular and
became one of the favorite dances of those who love dancing all over the world. The other is What
is the mystery of its developing process that create the Tango today. To answer these questions, we
should follow its history and discover which important factors that made it happen.
According to some researchers, Tango originate in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Back to the middle of
19th century, many immigrant workers, mostly all men, from Europe countries such as Italy, France,
Germany, and from Africa went to the port city Buenos Aires to look for a better job, to find an
opportunity to fulfill their dreams, or just simply, as travelers. They brought with them their cultures,
their belonging, their lost love, their hopes, and their loneliness as well. All of those factors mix
together to create an atmosphere that contribute to the emergence of Tango. Mixing of elements
brought to Argentina, Tango

The Latino Culture Health Care
The Hispanic community is the largest minority in the USA and the fastest growing, It is also one
with a high incidence of preventable diseases such as diabetes, periodontitis, colorectal cancer and
HIV. Obesity and teenage pregnancy are significantly more prevalent in Hispanic population as well.
(Crowie, 1989) Reasons for this discrepancy are many and varied, so different and varied
approaches will be needed. Addressing their health care makes good public health and economic
sense.
In the Hispanic culture health care is most commonly sought only after symptoms appear. In many
cases only when those symptoms cause the individual's incapacitation. Working through discomfort
is considered the norm, dwelling on discomfort or mild pain is seen as weakness and seeking
medical attention when not ill, such as preventive care, is almost unheard of.
Culturally, engaging in premarital sex is frowned upon for girls, though not so much for males,
abstinence may be the only birth control ever discussed at home, for fear of implying consent. This
significantly increases the danger of teenage pregnancy, abortion is rejected, mostly for moral and
religious reasons, thus the high rate of teenage birth. Vaccinations since not curative, are almost
never considered and even if desired, it would require funds to pay for the service or access to a
public health clinic. Severe pain, injury, or an impending delivery, will be the triggers for seeking
health care. This is why so many Hispanic

A Good Friend Of Mine By Jonathan De Souza
Embracing change and adapting to a new environment is never an effortless endeavor, especially as
a child. Accepting change requires willingness and strength to understand, adapt, and embrace new
cultures. Constant movement can affect our perceptions of how we view our current surroundings,
cultures, and values. Interviewing a good friend of mine, Jonathan De Souza, I learned a vast
amount about his home life, growing up in seven different countries, his big moves, and his views
on immigration policy in America. Discovering more about Jonathan and the multitude of countries
he's lived in posed the question; Has constant movement given you the expectation to alter your
identity to assimilate more to the current culture you're surrounded by, ... Show more content on
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Living in a new country that is not of your native descent can often make a person feel singled out
and leaves them wondering where do I belong. Born in Argentina, Jonathan resided in the city of
Córdoba with his family and twin brother. Though Jonathan and his brother were both born in
Argentina, their parents were both from Brazil and immigrated to Argentina in the 90s. Growing up
a Brazilian in the city of Córdoba, Jonathan was naturally brought up learning to speak Portuguese
from his parents instead of traditionally learning Spanish. In his home life in Argentina, he was
raised with traditional Brazilian values instead of Argentinian values. At a young age, Jonathan had
a sense that he didn't belong to his community due to how he was raised and the language barrier,
although he didn't think too much of the language barrier because he was able to learn Spanish
quickly. "Growing up there, I felt like an immigrant there because I didn 't speak Spanish first, I
spoke Portuguese because of my parents, then I went to school speaking Portuguese and everyone
there thought I was an immigrant although I was born there. Although I learned Spanish very
quick." Born and raised in Argentina, Jonathan and his brother were perceived differently when they
would visit their family in Brazil even though they were raised Brazilian

An Overview of the Argentine Financial Crisis Essay
The financial crisis in Argentina during the late 1990s and early 2000s resulted in severe issues with
foreign debt, inflation, unemployment, and political turmoil for the country. Argentina not only
suffered a currency crisis, but also suffered a political crisis. Fallout from the economic collapse was
so severe the Argentinean population resorted to civil unrest and protest, which in turn exacerbated
Argentina's problems at the turn of the century. While other issues related to this financial crisis such
as the impact on the lives of the Argentinean population or the political turmoil and corruption are
certainly worthy of discussion, this paper will focus on the currency crisis and the Argentinean
government's role in this economic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In an effort to move Argentina from an internationally isolated and state–dominated economy to one
that encouraged international trade and foreign investments, Carlos Menem, in the early 1990s,
initiated a wave of privatization, which included state–owned industries such as utilities (Feldstein,
2002). Following the examples of Chile and the emerging economies of Southeast Asian nations,
Menem hoped this liberalization would foster growth in productivity and economic growth.
On April 1, 1991, Argentina's Congress, with Domingo Cavallo as Minister of Economy, enacted the
Convertibility Law (or Ley de Convertibilidad) legally adopting the currency board (Hornbeck,
2002). This legislation essentially pegged the Argentinean peso to the U.S. dollar. The government
guaranteed the convertibility of the peso to U.S. dollar at a one–to–one exchange rate, limiting the
printing of pesos to only those necessary to purchase dollars in the foreign exchange market. Thus,
the central bank was required by law to hold foreign reserves to cover its peso liabilities (Hanke and
Schuler, 2002). With this fixed exchange rate, the Argentinean government was hoping to preserve
the value of their currency and stabilize inflation. The peg was initially successful, as it cured
hyperinflation that occurred at the end of the 1980s and provided price stability needed for
economic growth in the early 1990s. However, by the late 1990s,

The Culture and History of Argentina
Argentinian culture is a mixture of many other cultures and it has been largely influenced by
Spanish colonialism and immigrants from all around the world and mostly from Europe. Buenos
Aires is the capital city of Argentina. The city is also known as the cultural capital and it represents
political, economic and cultural heart of the country. Argentinian culture is spreaded in lots of areas
from dance to language and it has very unique sides which makes the culture extremely interesting.
The number of spoken languages in Argentina is at least 40, although Spanish is dominant.
According to 2010 national census and some other researches, there are about 41 million Spanish
speakers in the country(almost the entire population). There are around one million Levantine
Arabic speakers in Argentina, as a result of immigration from the Middle East, mostly from
Lebanon, Syria, and Palestine. Argentina has more than 1,500,000 Italian speakers; which is the
second most spoken language in the nation. Italian immigration effectively began in the middle of
the 19th century and made a permanent impact on the pronunciation and created the language what
Argentinians call Castilian, which sounds more like Italian than Spanish. Some Indian languages are
also used in the inner country, such as Araucano, Guarani or Quichua.
Roman Catholicism acts as the official state religion. The historical background is very much due to
the Spanish influence brought about through the

Spanish Teaching
### Names #### Throughout all my years of school, I had always wanted to become a teacher when
I grew up. It was not until my friend, Michelle Martino, began telling me about the wonderful
program she is in at Southern Connecticut State University for Spanish Secondary Teaching; it was
in that moment that I realized that teaching Spanish was where my true passion was. Because of this
epiphany, I decided to tackle another independent performance project focusing on teaching
Spanish. My original concept was to only do so at NBIS until I was approached by the primary
grade teacher, Ms. Prota. I truly found my niche. At NBIS, I worked with Ms. Ducharme, who I had
for my Spanish I teacher. I spent many hours observing her teaching style as well as her classroom's
attributes. Both aspects helped me better understand what teachers need in order to be successful.
One thing I did in order to head start my own classroom was purchasing latinoamericanos flags and
several posters. I discussed with Ms. Ducharme different theories of how a Spanish class could be
taught. My thought, now, is to teach in the target language while connecting it to students' native
language. In addition to observing, I made copies, preparing for upcoming lessons, and even was
able to teach a class when Ms. Ducharme had a substitute for a period. During that time, I proctored
a commonly asked question, "¿Cómo es tu amigo?" for students to respond in their journals. I also
reviewed the five forms of

Argentine Tango: Convergence and Diffusion Essay
At the end of the nineteenth century in the cities of Buenos Aires, Argentina and Montevideo,
Uruguay a new genre of music was evolving. This new genre of music eventually came to be called
the Argentine Tango. Tango music evolved from the interaction of many different cultures, and it
continues to evolve and branch out into many subgenres. Beginning around 1880 the first traces of
the Argentine tango were beginning to fall into place. (History 2005) This occurred through the
convergence of music of the many cultures which were found in the area. Immigration to Buenos
Aires was prominent at the time, and the mestizaje–racial mixture–that took place between the
Argentineans and the immigrants lead to the creation of the tango as music, ... Show more content
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("El Choclo." 2009)
Another aspect of the tango that evolved overt time was the instrumentation of the tango ensembles.
Early tangos were characterized by the violin, flutes, harps, guitar, and piano. (Zucchi et al 1977:
655) In 1910 the fundamental instrument of the Argentine tango was introduced to Buenos Aires: a
square button accordion, known in Argentina as the bandoneon. (Olsen and Sheehy 2000: 395)
Ultimately, the instrumentation of the Argentine tango came to be known as the Orquesta Tipica.
The actual instruments that composed the Orquesta Tipica changed over time, but the general
consensus consists of two bandonones, two violins, a piano, and a double bass. (Olsen and Sheehy
2000: 395) The instruments in the Orquesta Tipica typically include the aforementioned instruments,
but there are variations depending on what suits the composer.
The Argentinean tango was founded by mixing the cultures if the immigrants in Buenos Aires; the
most influential were the Spanish with their "tango andaluz", the Cubans with their habanera and the
Africans with their Candombe. (Ferrer 1996: 37–39) Given that the majority of the immigrants and
slaves entering Buenos Aires were men, the Argentinean tango was originally danced by men.
("Tango Music" 2009) This was not a chauvinistic or misogynic act, rather because at that time
period there were many more men than women, there were no women around

Marketing Involving Hispanic Americans and the Internet Essay
The Hispanic–American culture in the United States is becoming increasingly important in
marketing and consumer behavior. This segment has different preferences, values and attitudes
towards a variety of products than "average" United States consumer. The Hispanic population in
America is the fastest growing, not only the largest minority population now, but their collective
purchasing power exceeds $400 billion (Mongrain). In conjunction with this, the internet has also
proven to be a vital marketing tool in the last decade. Internet uses typically represent a population
segment with higher incomes and greater levels of education. Two of the fastest growing marketing
opportunities lie in Hispanics and users of the internet – companies ... Show more content on
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It has been found that a much larger percentage of the Hispanic population lives in the western
United States than the general population and the smallest percentage in the Midwest. Interestingly,
the "Internet Use by Region in the United States" by Pew Internet & American Life Project found
the greatest internet penetration among Hispanics in the Upper Midwest, at 67%, which far exceeds
the total internet usage of 59%. Other regions with larger Hispanic populations also have high
number of internet penetration, for example the Mountain region (including Colorado and Nevada)
and the Mid–Atlantic region (including New York and New Jersey) have 63% and 62%,
respectively. Differences in habits not only exist between Hispanics in separate regions of the US
but also between Hispanics of different races.
The declaration of Hispanic dominance is a commonly mentioned turning point among those
companies targeting, or realizing they need to target, this diverse market. However, reaching the US
Hispanic market is more challenging than is often assumed. Not only are Hispanics the largest single
ethnic group in the US, they're not even a single racial group. People of Hispanic background come
from different nations, live in different regions, and enjoy different cultures; even the language,
which is often thought to connect all Hispanics, has many different dialects that divide it. This is a
common problem that

Latin America's Cold War by Hal Brands
Brands, Hal. Latin America's Cold War. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2010.
In Latin America, the Cold War was everything but cold. Nor was it the "long peace" provided the
world's superpowers by their nuclear standoff. In this book, the first to take an international
viewpoint on the postwar periods in the area, Hal Brands sets out to clarify what precisely occurred
in Latin America during the Cold War, and why it was so distressing. The trouble that I usually have
with the Cold War it is a lot, in different countries, all around the world. What I enjoyed about this
book was that it focused, for the most part only on Latin America which allowed me to, after I
finished reading, solely focus on Latin America without having to think about the various countries
alongside Latin America all at the same time
Delineating the uncontrolled sequence of local businesses from the late 1940s decided the early
1990s, Latin America's Cold War investigates into the uncountable crises and turning points of the
period, the Cuban revolution and its aftermath; the repetitive cycles of insurgency and counter–
insurgency; the occurrence of currents like the National Security Doctrine, liberation theology, and
reliance theory; the rise and demise of a hemispheric political encounter to U.S. domination in the
1970s; the blaze that surrounded Central America from the Nicaraguan transformation ahead; and
the democratic and economic developments of the 1980s.
Most significant, the book

Helath Promotion Eassy
Heritage Assessment
Heritage Assessment
An individual has their own ethnic, religious and cultural background and they share the thoughts
among families or the same ethnic background and take over the tradition and culture from
generation to generation. Looking at someone's heritage, it includes traditional health methods how
a particular ethnic background people to maintain health, protect health and restore health. I would
like to discuss about health traditions; health maintenance, health protection and health restoration
among with three different culture; Philippine, Hispanic and Japanese. Health Maintenance
Health maintenance deals ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Japanese culture, they believe some foods are categorized hot and cold. For instance, the
vegetable with roots like radish and ginger are considered to be a hot food and consuming those
food to maintain the body temperature warm and keep a good blood circulation. On the other hand,
some vegetables make the body temperature cooler are cucumber, lettuce and tomatoes. More
Japanese eat those vegetables making some salad and consume more during a hot summer moth to
lower the body temperature. Hispanic classifies diseases "hot" and "cold." The examples of "Hot"
diseases are diabetes and hypertension verses "Cold" diseases are mistral cramps and pneumonia.
(Maria Hernandez, personal communication, April 29, 2014). People believe that they can avoid
illness by balancing and maintaining between. Moreover, in Hispanic culture, there is a belief called
"evil eye" that uses turquoise to eliminate bad stuff, protect their health and avoid harmful event to
them. People in the Philippine are very religious and their dominant religion is Catholic. They go to
church and attend mass weekly. They pray diety and worship for (Mary Smith, personal
communication, April 30, 2014). Health Restoration Health Restoration deals with beliefs and home
remedies that people would use to help restore their health. This means that once a person is
diagnosed with some illness, how they approach and treat illness. "Asian folk

Essay on Stereotypes of Hispanic Women in Cinema
The Latina women, even throughout the era resistance cinema, have not been able to make much
progress in overcoming the degrading stereotypes that Hollywood has created for them. Despite the
many advances that minorities have made in the cinema in recent years, Latina actresses still take on
the roles of the "dark skinned lady" and other such stereotypes with strong sexual connotations. It is
often debatable whether or not the role of the Latina has undergone dramatic changes since the days
of Dolores Del Rio and Carmen Miranda dancing with the fruit baskets on top of their heads.
However, in recent years there has been an emphasis by various Latinas in the film industry to
combat such stereotypical roles and redefine themselves ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This character began to appear in the 1930's, at the same time that an audio component was
introduced into cinema. The audience was not however interested in the voice of the vamp but rather
for her appearance and sex appeal. She was often depicted as exotic and sensual. As Tara Osorio
writes, "In early cinema, Hollywood represented Latinas as ignorant, and valued their striking
appearance and figure rather than their intelligence, character, and personalities." (Tara Osorio) With
the introduction of musicals into cinema, there were many opportunities for vamp roles. There were
three particular women in early cinema who were infamous for portraying the vamp character.
Carmen Miranda, Dolores Del Rio, and Lupe Velez were typecast in such roles and were seen in the
majority of films produced in these decades.
This character represented an image that was offensive and insulting to many. The character did not
have many diverse elements and was a rather one–dimensional figure. It was even more damaging
when you take into account that the same role was repeated, often by the same actress in a myriad of
films. As one actress Rita Moreno describes after she had played a similar spitfire character fourteen
times in eleven years.
"It's really demeaning after you've won the Oscar to be offered the same role over and over again.
They only wanted me to drag out my accent–and–dance show over and over again." (pg.174,
Hadley–Garcia)
The filmmakers

Personal Experience: Moving to the United States Essay
I never in my life did expect one day to write an essay for the Spanish Travel Scholarship and to
write it in English! Fifteen year ago I was a typical Italian architecture student who, beyond doubt,
had not yet established her role in the local, national, and global community, or her purpose in life. I
spent my college years making my parents proud, and fulfilling teachers' expectations. Nevertheless
architecture wasn't my college decision. It was my dad's dream. When I was six years of age, he lost
his engineering firm because of a stroke. He reinvented himself various times, after the stroke, but
he has never been able to rebuild his engineering firm from the ashes. My architecture degree was
his last opportunity to reopen his beloved ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I had the amazing privilege to serve as an informal ambassador for my country of birth (Italy),
clearing up cultural stereotypes, and creating positive connections between two cultures. I had the
joy of meeting people from other cultures. Sharing problems, connecting with cultural differences
and similarities gave me the opportunity to learn not only about other cultures but also about local
and global issues. The desire to understand these issues, and to solve them (like for example
immigration issues with Mexican–born people living in the United States) inspired me to apply for
the study abroad program–language immersion in Cuernavaca, Mexico.
I chose this program because I believe that knowing Spanish will enable me to become a better
person, a better global citizen, and a better teacher. In the past, I had the privilege of working, in my
community, with ESL students whose families were unfamiliar with the American school system
and recently with the daughter of one of my friends from Mexico. My friend, even after 20 years in
the U.S., barely speaks English and because of that she can only work as a housekeeper. Her
daughter is sixteen years of age, she never finished secondary school in Mexico and she does not
speak English. Her mom decided to find her a job in the housekeeping industry and to not send her
to school

Chilean War Of Independence Essay
The main European to sight Chilean domain was Ferdinand Magellan, who crossed the Strait of
Magellan on November 1, 1520. On the other hand, the title of pioneer of Chile is generally doled
out to Diego de Almagro. Almagro was Francisco Pizarro's accomplice, and he got the Southern
territory (Nueva Toledo). He sorted out a campaign that conveyed him to focal Chile in 1537,
however he discovered little of worth to contrast and the gold and silver of the Incas in Peru. Left
with the feeling that the tenants of the region were poor, he came back to Peru, later to be garotted
taking after thrashing by Hernando Pizarro in a Civil War.
After this starting outing there was minimal enthusiasm from pioneer dominant presences in further
investigating cutting edge Chile. Notwithstanding, Pedro de Valdivia, skipper of the armed force,
understanding the potential for growing the Spanish domain southward, requested that Pizarro's
consent attack and overcome the southern grounds. With two or three hundred men, he quelled the
nearby tenants and established the city of Santiago de Nueva ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Chilean War of Independence was a piece of the bigger Spanish American autonomy
development, and it was a long way from having consistent backing among Chileans, who got to be
isolated in the middle of independentists and royalists. What began as an elitist political
development against their frontier expert, at long last finished as an undeniable common war
between ace Independence Criollos who looked for political and financial autonomy from Spain and
royalist Criollos, who upheld the proceeded with steadfastness to and perpetual quality inside of the
Spanish Empire of the Kingdom of Chile. The battle for autonomy was a war inside of the
privileged, in spite of the fact that the dominant part of troops on both sides comprised of recruited
mestizos and local

Dance Movement Therapy
The following will cover a review of literature in regards to dance movement therapy [DMT] and
geriatric, eating, and autism spectrum disorders [ASD]. Each section will include literature of past
research studies with included an evaluation of study designs and results, as well as what should be
included and expanded upon in future conducted research.
DMT and Geriatric Disorders
The following literature studies the effects of dance movement therapy [DMT] on the elderly
population's cognitive performance; specifically examining Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease.
The aspects of cognitive function examined were selective attention, concentration, memory,
intelligence, learning, language, perception, executive function, and spatial and visuospatial ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was a randomly controlled trial with a between subjects design, and used a pre– and post–test
administration conducted by trained raters who maintained a double–blind paradigm for test
assessments. The results showed significant improvements in spatial cognition and executive
functions in with Parkinson's disease who participated in the intervention program. These factors
were measured using two standardized quantitative tests, The Brooks Spatial Task for spatial
cognition and MoCA [Montreal Cognitive Assessment] for executive function. This study exhibited
that the dance style, tango, has positive effects on both spatial cognition and executive functions in
the elderly and specifically in those with Parkinson's

Patriarchy In Argentina During The 1900's
During the 1900's in Argentina, the idea of patriarchy authority clearly triumphed over any of the
romantic ideas that are not supported or based upon family, bureaucracy or religious instituted. This
idea is undeniably backed by the movie Camila directed by María Luisa Bemberg in 1984 and
several other sources in "The Argentina Reader" edited by Gabriela Nouzeilles and Graciela
Montaldo and "A Brief History of Argentina" written by Jonathan C. Brown. The suffering from the
continuity of authoritarianism, shaking politics, and patriarchy is presented during this period.
As Argentina societies went through the independence years after the war with the Spanish and
adopted a Republican style of government, the policy of patriarchy was supported by the state and
became more and more entrenched in society. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the article "Love & Authority in Argentina" written by professor Jesse Hingson due to
the reason listed above, the daily life of young being was affected. For lower class families, the male
heads were drafted into armies whether it's Unitarian or Federalist. For middle and elite families, the
school was viewed as not only an education system for a new generation of Argentina teaching them
math and grammar but also a propaganda for the political system to subjected these children the
value of authorities and patriotic (Hingson). Of course, this would have led to rebellious, many of
this end up with lawsuits against the parent from their own children and vice versa. An example of
rebellious youth could also be seen in the movie, Camila and Ladislao willing to throw away their
family, wealth, social status and religious belief just to be with each other, despised having to live a
fugitive life under false identities hiding from the

The Economy Of Spain And Spain
The economy of Spain has taken a downturn in 2011 since the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
Unlike the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, where Spain was a global empire, modern Spain is
facing a very stagnant economy. Spain's "unemployment rate reached a record of 27 percent" in
2011. This shows that more than 1 in 5 Spaniards is struggling to feed their family. Luckily, things
had gotten better. The October 2015 unemployment report shows that the number of those who are
not working is down to 21.2 percent according to "Spain's unemployment falls, and Rajoy's
prospects Rise" by Raphael Minder. The increase in jobs was mostly seasonal; and created only by
tourist's influence in Spain, not Spanish leaders (Minder). So the major issue presented by the article
is the idea that Spanish leaders are useless, in terms of creating a sustainable economy for the
country. Based on Spain's current situation, it is clear that Spain's current leaders are not making the
economy any better than their forefathers did a century ago, because a lot of Spaniard are not
finding jobs due to the current economic crisis. Again, only history can explain how a dominant
nation such as Spain is now back to the ground state.
Spain's current economic fall was foreshadowed in its history. Although, the economic status of
Spain was not well known in the past, the country struggle under Muslim ruler due to religious
difference between different groups leaving in the country. The moors took over Spain in

Personal Narrative: The Spanish Language
The Spanish language is in my blood, both literally and figuratively. Since my dad is from
Argentina, I have always had a connection to Hispanic culture but was not taught Spanish in my
home. I began learning Spanish in seventh grade and took the highest level offered in school every
year. I was inspired to work hard in my language studies after discovering how useful and practical
knowing the language can be. In the first few years of studying, my Spanish helped me grow a bond
with the family on our building site on a service trip to Mexico. It let me see how thankful and
genuine they were with the little that they had, and it enabled me to help others in my group connect
as well. I was also able to use Spanish on a family vacation to Argentina

Adam Smith And Karl Marx
In his book Born in Blood & Fire, John Chasteen defines Progress as any transformation that made
Latin America similar to European and US models, resulting in human improvement. These
transformations included the application of advanced technology, new political aspects, and
economic growth. Neocolonialism was born from Progress, which can be explained as the influence
foreign countries had on Latin America's colonization. There was, however, different views on
which way Progress should be achieved Latin America. Adam Smith and Karl Marx are examples of
the main two views. Adam Smith, a Scottish Philosopher, was a critique of controlled markets and
supported the idea that consumers should be able to engage in a free market in order to achieve
overall self– profit. As a believer in capitalism, Smith also viewed private property and overall self–
interest as positives. Implementing these ideas without the interference of the government, Smith
believed, led to unlimited wealth and the most desirable economic outcome. Karl Marx, on the
contrary, believed that poor people suffered for the benefit of the higher social class. Co–author of
the famous document, The Communist Manifesto, Marx supported communism, the abortion of
distinguished social classes, and developed into one of the widely known critics of capitalism; Marx
believe that the idea of capitalism gave an advantage to the people who were already rich and gave
no opportunity for the working class to rise socially or

Italian Immigration To America Essay
One of the primary reasons that led to the very different, and very much worse reception of Catholic
Italian immigrants in the United States when compared to other Catholic European immigrants, was
the attitude Italians held in regards to the country they lived in, the United States. Italian immigrants
felt alienated in their new country. They believed that conforming to American values too quickly
was a direct threat to their own beliefs (Specifically the domus). This was especially true in the
Italian Harlem. However, as Orsi states, "the alienation was not a purely internal matter; it was also
caused by American xenophobia" (Orsi 160). She goes on to say that this discriminating view held
by Americans led to Italians being stereotyped as the "worker", meaning a threat to take the jobs of
Americans born in the United States. This led to almost everything of Italian significance being
omitted in schools which led to students getting a sense of Italian inferiority. Teachers and students
went as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Family was of great importance to Italians and that did not change once they arrived in the United
States. The term they used to describe this family–centered way of life was Domus, or culture of the
home. It was for this reason that the home was very important to the Italians. To highlight the
importance of the domus that Italians brought to the United States, Covello made four principles of
the domus, the points are; "10. One should stand by blood relatives in any situation whether they be
right or wrong. 15. Married couples should never sever their relations with their parents. 17.
Children should respect the friends and relatives to their parents and in their behavior conform to the
opinions of these friends and relatives. 21. Husband and wife should represent the union of two
blood groups and not the union of two people who mutually arouse each other's emotions." (Orsi

A Drastic Change in the American System
One drastic change I would like to see in America is the current education system.
As a high school student I have taken note that we are required to take several courses that are not
necessary. Students are forced to take courses have no correlation to their major in college or their
occupation in life. This is a major issue that needs to be addressed. This issue leads to misbehavior,
lack of effort, poor grades and even dropping out.
Everyone has a different learning ability. Therefore, we all learn at different rates. Some students are
able to learn a different subject quicker than others. For examples, a Hispanic student who already
has prior knowledge about the Spanish speaking language will most likely do better in a Spanish
class than a student who knows little to no Spanish. If the student who does not know any Spanish is
not intending on majoring or obtaining a career with this language it is pointless that the student is
required to take this course. Also, if the student who already speaks fluent Spanish is making good
grades and not learning anything from the course they shouldn't be required to take the class either.
After all for what purpose does it serve either of them?
Teachers complain constantly about children misbehaving in their classrooms. Some blame it on a
lack of home training and others blame it on laziness or a lack of work ethic. However, that is not
always the case. Say for instance, a young man is "always misbehaving and showing a lack of

Spanish Popular Dishes: The Spanish Rice
Spanish Rice
The word "Spanish rice" comes from a time when the Spaniards continued their travels around the
world, they went to Asia and from there they brought back to Mexico things like wheat and rice.
Mexican people that prepare the rice dish often speak the Spanish language, which is where the
name "Spanish rice" dish came from. Spain is actually the second largest producer of rice in the
world with China being the first largest producer.
Spanish rice is one of the most popular dishes in the Latin American. It is a common side dish in
Northern Mexico and is also popular outside of Mexico, especially in the Southwestern United
States. American Southwestern people refer to the dish as "Mexican rice" however; Spanish rice and
Mexican rice are relatively different. Mexican rice sometimes uses cumin and Spanish rice uses
saffron instead. Spanish rice is a side dish made from white rice, tomatoes, garlic, onions, and other
ingredients. It is traditionally made by sautéing the rice in a skillet until it is golden brown. Water or
chicken broth is then added along with chopped tomatoes or tomato sauce. Parsley can be added for
a little color, but it does not change the taste very much. Vegetables are also added such as chilies,
corn, peas, or carrots. The Northern Mexico traditional rice is often consist of enough tomato and
chili peppers to give the distinctive red orange color and smoky, garlic, and onion flavor. Different
parts of Southern America make Spanish rice

Spanish And Latino Culture: Cultural Differences
Over a 7 week duration this ethnic group is the largest population. What's intriguing is how the same
culture may have cultural different amongst the subgroups or between the two populations when an
individual are classified or identified as Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish. Today this essay may
highlight one platform through interchangeable Spanish may connect different cultures and sub–
groups within the Latino/Hispanic descent to existing under the same nation with different values,
beliefs and language dissimilarities from one another, but are identified as the Latino and Hispanic
descent as Spanish people under the same racial/ethnic–group. It is important to understand that the
term Spanish creates the difference since, individual may be of ... Show more content on
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Several factors, for instance the term Spanish, any race may be identified as the Hispanic descent,
religion, belief, values, privileges, economic status, availability community services and resources,
and the fact that their mental health and addictions may differ. The one thing that bring such a
mixture of people together is the interchangeable language. Despite the similar issue of encountering
multiple problems, or having a personal cultural attitude or view towards subjects or matter different
than one's own. Including experiencing cultural prejudice, and stereotypes. May possibly causing a
person to reciprocate, withdrawal, or a reaction in a positive or negative manner. Often
unconsciously permitting moods change and behaviors to play a significant role in their life when
pertaining to decision making, adapting, accepting or refusing others or to seek treatment. Causing
mental, emotional and physical disturbance as their state of being amongst a diverse group of
people. treatment holds the beliefs, value, empowerment and purpose as an overall benefit as a
coping mechanism, risk preventions, change, corrective behavioral practices, and problem solving
or resolving one's core issue as the underlying common dominator that contributes to the impacts or
cause and effects on how a person function in their everyday life. The notion treatment and
counseling have a

Taming Anzaldua's Contact Zone Analysis
"The Contact Zone", is defined by Mary Louis Pratt as "the space in which transculturation takes
place – where two different cultures meet and inform each other, often in highly asymmetrical
ways." Pratt describes what she calls 'contact zones' and elaborates on the pros and cons of these
cultural interactions. She sees the contact zone as a place that allows people to exchange cultural
ideas and break down the dividing cultural borders. When a contact zone is started, people are able
to interact on new levels gaining a new perspective because they are able to collaborate with people
from foreign cultures. If you are always with people of the same culture as you, you become used to
hearing everything from the same perspective. With a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Anzaldua takes great pride in her language, "So if you want to really hurt me, talk badly about my
language. Ethnic diversity is twin skin to linguistic identity – I am my language" (p89). She states
that her language is a part of herself so when you insult Chicano it's like a strike to the heart of
Anzaldua. Anzaldua goes on to explains that although Chicanos all over the US speak different
dialects of Chicano Spanish, they are still all Chicanos. Just because the language varies a little does
not diminish its authenticity. People who speak a variation on a language should not be ashamed
because they speak a little differently. "There is the quiet of the Indian about us. We know how to
survive. When other races have given up their tongue we've kept ours. We know what it is to live
under the hammer blow of the dominant norteamericano culture. but more we count the blows, we
count the days the weeks the years the centuries the aeons until the white laws and commerce and
customs will rot in the deserts they've created" (p93). She strongly urges Los Chicanos to not give
up their culture and endure. She believes that the will of their culture will outlast any obstacle they
encounter and demands that they not give in to the temptation to conform.
With so many people coming to American and under the incredible pressure to conform to the great
Melting pot of America, Anzaldua continues to create

The Forgotten Dead By William D. Carrigan And Clive Webb
"Forgotten Dead" by authors William D. Carrigan and Clive Webb, delivered a collective narration
of the numerous lynching crimes against Mexican people in the southern west states of the United
States. Their purpose was to describe that extend of mob violations against the minority groups of
people in the United States. By, arguing how many of these racial crimes were prejudice to eliminate
the potential competition for territory, and gold mines' economy that were potentially able to provide
the envy position that Anglo people were afraid to loose. They wanted to figure out, who these
forgotten dead Mexicans were at the time, and what types of "crimes" they committed to face such
cruelty death in the hands of the mob Anglo groups. They uncovered the grand extend of violent
scenes that Anglo vigilantes members of mob groups organized the banishment of many Mexican in
what they had considered part of their territory at the time. They were Anglo racial mobs that
created freighted violence of lynching, decapitation, gun downs, mutilation, burnings, and many
more crimes that not only were committed to Mexican but other minority groups residing in former
Mexican territories. Perhaps Mexican population was not the only target to these mob lynching
groups, they demonstrated how many African Americans, Chileans, and Chinese also were brutally
killed, but the evidence given still portray the big difference of hate against these other races. The
authors also explained well the

The Importance of Learning Spanish in American Schools
When a child begins elementary education in American schools throughout the country, they begin
to learn the essential classes: Math, Science, English, and Social Studies. These classes are taught
early on to develop a child's ability to succeed in these classes, as they will learn concepts from
these classes that help them in life. Spanish education is a subject that has brought debate among
educators. With a rise in Spanish speaking people in America, the question has shifted from should
English speaking students learn Spanish, to when should said students begin to take Spanish? Many
parents are beginning to see that their children need to learn the Spanish language, and that a good
time to learn it would be earlier on in life. The Spanish language is a beneficial opportunity for
children to expand their minds, learn a new language, and even be exposed to different culture that
will benefit them in their everyday lives and open more opportunities for them in the future. Many
often wonder what could possibly be the benefits of their child learning a foreign language,
especially trying to learn it as early as say first or second grade. Well, learning Spanish presents
many benefits in today's America. Look at the job market; employers are always excited for the
chance to hire a person who is bilingual. Even at a place such as McDonald's, a bilingual cashier has
the opportunity to help and serve more customers than a cashier who only speaks in English. The
Latino

Speaking Spanish in the USA
As a child, I had to navigate from an English speaking classroom to a Spanish speaking home. From
eight in the morning I was given instruction in English by my professors at school. After three in the
afternoon at home I engaged in Spanish conversation with my mother, father, and siblings. When the
summer vacation came around, it was back to speaking Spanish only, and then I regained the
Mexican accent that had faded away during the school year. My experience learning English was
different from what earlier Spanish speaking generations in the United States dealt with. In "How to
Tame a Wild Tongue" Gloria Anzaldúa writes, "being caught speaking Spanish at recess... that was
good for three licks on the knuckles with a sharp ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In other words, her mother had been influenced by American values. For this reason, she pushed her
daughter to become more like the dominant society (American) and less like the minority group
(Mexican). As Anzaldúa integrated to American culture she continued to experience discriminatory
circumstances. For instance, while she attended "Pan American University" she had to enroll in
speech class "to get rid of [her] [accent]" (Anzaldúa 374). Then, when she "taught High School
English" she was discouraged by the principal to using Chicano literature in her class (Anzaldúa
379). On the other hand, the resentful minority group (Spanish speakers) expected her not to use the
"oppressor's language" (Anzaldúa 375).The impact of all these events, influence Anzaldúa to believe
that "by the end of this century English, and not Spanish, will be the mother tongue of most
Chicanos and Latinos" (Anzaldúa 378). This is important, because Anzaldúa writes, "ethnic identity
is twin skin to linguistic identity" (378). If her prediction becomes reality, then most of what
surrounds me (and others like me) will disappear. I understand Anzaldúa experience a lot during her
life time, but her prediction might be base on the "three generation model" that researchers have use
in previous studies to predict change in language among immigrant minority groups (Tran 259–
260). In this model "language assimilation" seems to follow a

Nepotism in American Business and Politics Essay
Nepotism in American Business and Politics
During the November 2000 presidential elections, two children tried to make daddy proud. First
there was Albert Gore Jr. – the son of a powerful and respected senator of Tennessee – who was no
stranger to politics and privilege. As a child he attended the prestigious St. Alban's School and while
growing up, it was common to see then Vice President Richard Nixon as a guest at the family dinner
table. Then there was George W. Bush – a third–generation politician, with his grandfather a former
senator, his brother the governor of Florida, and his father being former president. The November
2000 presidential elections would become the battle of dynastic supremacy. Whose silver spoon was
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Today, nepotism is defined as favoritism towards kin. More narrowly, nepotism has come to mean
hiring a relative, regardless of their qualifications and competence. Usually accusations of nepotism
are followed by allegations of ethical misconduct, manipulation and unlawful interference. But in
order to fully understand and appreciate the legacy of nepotism, one must look no further than their
local barbershop, bakery, or church. Each has been, and continues to be, influenced by the aiding
hands of nepotism. From the mom–and–pop businesses to nearly half of the Fortune 500 companies,
all have benefited from what Bellow has called New Nepotism (7). New Nepotism, or postmodern
nepotism, differs from the old by a pragmatic approach to kinship, paired with a strong emphasis on
warrant and accomplishment: "New nepotism [combines] the privileges of birth with the iron rule of
merit" (Bellow 15). Heredity will get you in the door but cannot keep you from getting pushed back
out. In short, New Nepotism is an effective and valuable practice in society because it promotes and
upholds the principles of kinship and human community. This form of fellowship can be found not
only in our cultural and societal texts but also within our biological and instinctual drives. Nepotism,
though, is not only confined to

The Argentinian Economic Crisis ( 2001-2002 )
The Argentinian Economic Crisis (2001–2002)
INTRODUTION
In what is considered as one of the worst crisis for a nation, Argentina has suffered significantly
over the years and was caught yet again by a financial crisis in 2001. Over the short period of 1998
to 2001, the Argentine economy has lost almost 20 percent of its GDP (Figure 1) while the poverty
has risen to an astonishing 42.3% percent (2001) from an already high figure of 18.2% in 1998
(Weisbrot and Sandoval).
Figure 1: Argentina GDP source:
http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/argentina_recovery_2007_10.pdf
This financial crisis was not a sudden event; in fact this crisis has its roots dug deep into the long
history of a turbulent Argentine economy. In terms of growth, in the early twentieth centaury,
Argentina could boast of outperforming most Latin American nations. More over, as The Economist
reports, by 1913 Argentina was among the world's ten richest countries, ahead of even France and
Germany, with an annual average growth of 5% every year over the previous three decades.
However, after the First World War, the Argentine economy faced a steep decline and by 1989 the
country's inflation rate went soaring high (Figure 2)
Figure 2: Inflation in Argentina source: http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21596582–one–
hundred–years–ago–argentina–was–future–what–went–wrong–century–decline
After a long time Argentina managed to recover from this crisis. This, however, meant that the
nation had had to

Latin Americ The Independence, Nation Building, And The...
Latin America in the 1820's
The independence, nation building, and the economy were three major settings during Latin
America in the 1820's. During this time Latin America was faced with the chance of change.
Traditional Monarchical structure was merged into the Portuguese and Spanish colonial empires.
The way that theses territories responded to change was distinctive to the region.
Creole Cities in the eighteenth century were being affected by ideas from the new political ideals
and the Enlightenment. Free Trade, free press, and equality were hugely appealing to people living
in Latin America. Leaders of the independence movement were Simon Bolivar and Jose de San
Martin. These two men have understood the ideas of the Englishmen better than anyone. In Latin
America, nationalistic revolts started happening. "It would be easier to have two continents meet
than to reconcile the sports of Spain and America.", said Bolivar. Draining people from their wealth,
he promoted nativism throughout these countries. Napoleon made room for change for the Latin
American countries in the beginning of the eighteenth century. The way that he made room for
change was by having Confidential wars. The colonial empires of the Spanish and Portuguese were
highly weakened. Later on in 1810, Mexico went progressed through changes as well. The creole
elites overthrew the rule of peninsulas. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a priest and a studier of the
French Revolution, in Mexico, came to the rescue.

Research Paper On Latin American Independence
The Independence of Latin America
The Independence of Latin America was a process caused by years of injustices, discriminations,
and abuse, from the Spanish Crown upon the inhabitants of Latin America. Since the beginning the
Spanish Crown used the Americas as a way to gain riches and become greater in power
internationally. Three of the distinct causes leading Latin America to seek independence from Spain,
were that Spain was restricting Latin America from financial growth, (this included restrictions from
the Spain on international trade, tax burden, and laws which only allowed the Americas to buy from
Spain), The different social groups within Latin America, felt the pressure of the reforms being
implicated on them ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those creoles pushing towards revolution to free themselves from Spanish rule felt that the Spanish
crown was only abusing, discriminating and holding them back form growing economically. The
elite felt they were not part of a revolution seeing themselves only as people who were All those part
of the social context of Latin America, felt differently within Indians, on side of the Spanish King,
though great abuse fell through. "Nonetheless, the Indians of New Spain (and elsewhere) enjoyed a
set of legal privileges, exemptions, and protection which significantly interferes with their complete
integration into colonial society, and kept them in a legal bubble of tutelage ruptured only with the
advent of independent Mexican nationhood in the third decade of the nineteenth century (Van
Young, 154). The point here is that where these and other legal and administrative remedies were
applied in favor of the Indians of colonial New Spain, they were applied in the kings' name.
Furthermore, religious and civic ritual of all kinds constantly stressed the centrality of the Spanish
king to the colonial commonwealth, and his benevolence and fatherly concern with the welfare of
his weakest subjects (Van Young 155). "Situated as they were between the Spaniards and the
masses. The creoles wanted more than equality for themselves and less than equality for their
inferiors" (Lynch, 44). The creoles discriminated against those in lower classes than themselves.

Simon Bolivar Research Paper
El Libertador
"When tyranny becomes law, rebellion is a right." Simon Bolivar was declared "The Liberator" by
his own people and his legacy as an inspiring military general lives on today throughout Latin
America. Through Bolivar's revolution, he successfully freed and established Venezuela, Bolivia,
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama. Finally, at the peak of his power, Bolivar ruled from the
Argentine border all the way to the Caribbean Sea. Bolivar himself was born as a second–class
citizen due to the rigid Spanish social structure; throughout his life, he sought equality in his home
country and grew into one of the most powerful military figures in history. Bolivar's ingenious
military tactics used to overthrow the Spanish social structure ... Show more content on
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They argued that the Spanish had colonized the territories and therefore had the authority to rule the
colonies however they pleased ("Simón Bolívar." UXL Biographies). Even after Bolivar had
liberated slaves across the continent, "constant revolts flared up in the republics against unity"
("Simón Bolívar." UXL Biographies). Many refused to see Bolivar's vision simply because they had
gotten used to inherently being superior to others. In fact, the night Bolivar became the dictator of
Gran Colombia, he barely escaped assassination. In fact, just a year later, "the opposition to Bolivar
had assumed such proportions that an[other] conspiracy to eliminate him was set in motion"
("Simón Bolívar." Encyclopedia of World Biography). However, Bolivar's fame "continued to grow
to mythical proportions in Latin America" because he was fearless and continued to undermine
Spanish authority ("Simón Bolívar." Encyclopedia of World Biography). His strong leadership was
unquestionable and his territory continued to expand as more Latin Americans recognized the falling
Spanish social structure. Bolivar strategically used his forces to establish a formidable regime under
his rule which he used to give opportunities to the poor. Bolivar founded a congress for his territory
and elected leaders from multiple countries to diversify the thought process for the most well–
rounded government ("Simón Bolívar." Encyclopedia of World Biography). Although Bolivar went
to extreme measures of violence to earn freedom for Latin America, his methods proved justifiable
due to the capable government he left

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