REPORT

1. North South University
ENG 105 RESEARCH PAPER
On Reasons of women university dropout
Submitted To:
Ms. Nasrin Pervin
Senior Lecturer
Department of English & Modern Languages
Submitted By:
Md.Asfiqur Alam
1512804030
Sec: 27
Date of Submission: 18 Dec 2017

2. Acknowledgement:
I would also like to thank the respondents of my survey, which was my ultimate source of getting primary
information.
First, I thank to my almighty Allah who give me opportunity to complete my research successfully. I am
grateful to number of persons who help me to complete my research. I want give special thanks to my
mentor, teacher and guide Ms. Nasrin Pervin(NPN), Faculty member of North South University. Her
dedication and attitude to help her students mainly responsible to done task properly. She instructs me in
entire research and guide me necessary aspects of the research.
I also want to thanks to all the person and friend, Hasan, Pranto, Ashraf Ali Pervez ,Omer Faruk,
Anamika Rani Bowmik and responds who help me to conduct this survey.

3. ABSTRACT
The topic of the research is” Reasons of women university dropout”. In this research, I try to find
out reasons of Women University and how they related to each other will be discussed. This
research is prepared based on the survey data. Women University dropout is common
phenomena all over the world. All the countries of the world experiencing same problem and
almost for the same reasons. The dropout rate is increasing in last few years. The objective of the
study is to find out female dropout in upper secondary level. Government should take some steps
to reduce dropout rate.

4. Contents
Introduction and Background.....................................................5
Research questions .....................................................................7
Hypothesis..................................................................................8
Methodology ..............................................................................9
Data Analysis ...........................................................................10
Primary Data Analysis ...........................................................10
Secondary Data Analysis ........................................................16
Recommendations....................................................................19
Research Findings.....................................................................20
Conclusion ................................................................................21
References................................................................................22

5. Introduction and Background
Education is important for everyone. Education is a process of learning knowledge and skill.
Higher education is also important because it helps one person to understand things better.
Higher education has ability to improve individual’s quality of life style. Education is such a
thing which is basic human right. Education is very important element that helps a person
achieving equality, development in life and maintaining peace.
Studies show that, college graduates have longer life spans, better access to health care, more
conscious about economic stability and security. It also improves their confidence level both in
life spending and in the job sectors. Over the past few decades Women have progressed
remarkably in education. If we consider the scenario of 20-50 years ago, only few percentages of
women ages 20-50 had a postsecondary education. This situation is completely different now.
Some studies show that women generally do better than man and this is noticeable in early age. It
also shows that girls get better mark then boys I school or college level. Not only have this girls
earned their high school diploma in time frame grater amount than boys.
But the scenario is different in university level. Recent studies show that a number of female
students are not completing their graduation. They are dropping out before completing
graduation. Dropping out from an education means leaving the University, college or any
institution before without completing the course of studies. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
(2014) states that usually dropping out is leaving the educational institution without completing
the degree where he/she enrolled. It is not a one day process rather it is a long process.
According to Geul (2004) dropout means leaving the institution of educating before getting
certificate at the end. There are many reasons for that. According to Vision 2030 of the country,

6. “Education is the key component of economic growth “It has very positive influence on
empowerments of women. This can motivate to make woman for national and global demands to
enroll in various job like vocational and professional skills, technological skill, leadership or
management related work in different fields. It can reduces chances of female students dropout
overall development .According to different articles shows the different reason of dropout. The
reasons are be many such as costs too much, Needed to get a full time job, Family issues, Too
much stress, Unprepared for the work load, Lack of advising ,Not sure of major etc. It is also
found in various study’s that sometime the socio-economic condition of the certain family, their
thoughts and believe about education, education status of family and student’s motivations of
study or what they want are the dominant reasons dropout university In school or college
students and their family try to cover these problems and continue study but in university,
especially for female are not considerable.
In a developing country like Bangladesh, which is one of the most promising emerging
economies, it is absolutely crucial that investment is being made in order to groom the labor
force of tomorrow. Bangladesh has a literacy rate of 70 percent as of 2016. Education is a basic
human right, but for a developing nation like Bangladesh, attention needs to be paid to female
education in particular. It is a common practice in rural households to not send their young
daughters to schools as they believe females are born to solely run households. To have such a
belief in the year 2016 is alarming and that is why the education system in our country is in dire
need of certain reforms.

7. Research Questions
1. What are the factors that influence female university dropout?
2. Why do female students need to complete university studies?
3. How can we stop female students from dropping out from university?
4. What is the main reason of women university dropout?
5. What kinds of pressure women get from their family?
6. What is the prospective of female university education in Bangladesh?

8. Hypothesis
Dropout means leave the university or any educational institution before completing the degree.
There are many reasons are responsible for that. Dropping out has a bad effect on society as well
as personal life. Education can help or benefits both men and women. Women’s empowering
very important element to make successful social and economic development in any country. To
ensure that government should provide girls with more than just basic education. Women’s
dropping out from university is a very common issue in the world. Women are dropping out
from university for many reasons. Among them family value and economic class of family has
major influence over women university dropout.

9. Methodology
The research will conduct to find out reasons of drop out women at university level and to
explore their feelings and aspirations for future. For collecting primary data, I will take opinion
and ask question from different people about women university dropout. For conducting my
survey I will take 30 people from North South University, Dhaka University. In my survey I will
include number of question where most of them are multiple choices.
For collecting secondary data, I collected different source like online articles, reports, newspaper
etc.

10. Data Analysis
Primary Data Analysis:
I did my survey among 32 people. I have questioned them which are related and important for
my research. I do not input any question in my questioner which may offend responds. My
purpose of survey to know people thought and believes about Women University dropping out.
Society has a huge effect on education for both men and women. Some societies believe that
women don’t need to study much. In some society people have that negative view. They thought
that women don’t need to study much because they are not going earn for family .They thought
that men need to study because they are going to take care of a family. But these types of view of
people are changing .In my Hypothesis I mention that society have influence over women
university dropout but not have the major impact.
5
7
13
5
3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Do you think society has any
influence over women
dropout?
10
16
6
0 0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Does the economic condition
have an effect women
dropout?
14
15
3
1
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Family Environment is the one of
the major cases behind women
dropout?

11. This pie chart shows us the societal, economic and social influence over women university drop out. To
know about this, there are three questions included and those are mentioned in graph
In first graph approximately 15 percent of the responds select that they are strongly agree with this
question. That means they believe that society have major influence over women dropping out from
university dropping out. 21 percent agree that they are agreeing with that. 40 percent people responses
were neutral. 15 percent people disagree and 9 percent people strongly disagree.
By this result we can state that society has influence but not have any major effect.
In second graph approximately 31 percent people strongly agree that economic condition have effect over
women university drop out. 50 percent people agree with that and 19 have no opinion over that. This pie
chart or result indicates that economy has major effect on women university drop out and no one disagree
with that.
In third graph approximately 42 percent of people strongly agree with that family have influence over
women university dropout. 46 percent responds agree with that. 9 percent people have no opinion over
that .Lastly only 3 percent people disagree with that. From this finding its clear that family has major
impact on Women University dropping out.

12. The pie chart shows in which category of family women university dropout rate is high.
Here the results are very simple. There are three category of family .Those are higher class, middle class
and lower class. The category is made based on the economic condition of family. Higher class family
means elite people whose earning is above average. The lower class means whose income is below
average and not leading a healthy life. Here the result is very clear .85 percent responds select that law
class family has more dropout rate. 15 percent responds select that middle class family has more dropout
rate.
That means dropout rate is more in lower class family.
0%
15%
85%
High Class
Middle Class
Law Class
In which category of family women university dropout rate is high?

13. This graph shows us kinds of attitude in women face lower class family which can influences women to
dropping out university.
In this graph there are many reasons are which women face in family. Here the graph results show that in
lower class family drop out happen because of three reasons. The most common first reason is in middle
class family, parents have no desire to educate their female children which is selected by 32 percent
responds. 46 percent responds selected that lack of awareness of education. Six percent response selected
that marriage is given more importance .15 percent responses selected, economic condition is not enough
not educate their child. Analyzing those date it’s clear that in lower class family parents are not aware and
don’t want to educate their child which influence women to dropout.
33%
46%
6%
15%
0%
Not having desire to educate female wards
Lack of parental awareness in regard to the level of
Marriage is given more importance than education in
undergrad level
Economic condition of family is not enough to
educate female children
Have desire to Educate their female words
What kinds of attitude do women face from parents in LOWER class family about education?

14. This graph shows us kinds of attitude in women face Middle class family which can influences women to
dropping out university.
In this graph there are many reasons are which women face in family. 43 percent responds selected that in
marriage is given more importance in undergrad level. 24 percent responds selected that economic
condition of family is not enough to educate children. Three percent people believe that lack of awareness
among family. Six percent people believe that they have no desire to educate their child. 18 percent
people believe have awareness and 6 percent people believed that have desire to educate their children.
By overall analysis it shows that middle class family parents have awareness and desire but there
economic condition and family value of giving early marriage of their female children, force women to
dropping out from University.
6%
3%
43%
24%
6%
18% Not having desire to educate female wards
Lack of parental awareness in regard to the level of
Marriage is given more importance than education in undergrad
level
Economic condition of family is not enough to educate female
children
Have desire to Educate their female words
Have awareness about educate their child
What kinds of attitude do women face from parents in Middle class family about education?

15. This graph shows us kinds of attitude in women face Middle class family which influences them to
dropping out university.
In this pie chart are shows that 46 percent people believe that have desire to educate their child. 39
percent people believe that they have awerness.15 percent people believe that marriage is given more
importance over education and other variables are 0 percent.
This data shows that in higher class family parents have awareness and they want to educate their child.
So there is no reason to dropping out here.
By overall date analysis its suggest that in lower class family economic condition, their values and believe
has major responsibly to dropout women from university.
0% 0%
15%
0%
46%
39%
Not having desire to educate female wards
Lack of parental awareness in regard to the level of
Marriage is given more importance than education in
undergrad level
Economic condition of family is not enough to educate
female children
Have desire to Educate their female words
Have awareness about educate their child
What kinds of attitude do women face from parents in higher class family about education?

16. Secondary Data Analysis
The system of education in Bangladesh is divided in three major levels. The fast one is primary
level which known as play to class five. The second one is secondary level which is class six to
class ten and last one is upper secondary level. But there are some private institutions which are
providing O level and A level. Bangladesh has also madrasa system for education. Here I will
show the rate of education of women enrollment and dropout rate and the reason behind all of
those. In Bangladesh the enrollment rate is increasing day to day .The rate of both male and
female same. The dropout rate is primary and secondary education level is decreasing. But the
problem is on higher secondary level. The participation rate is decreasing .In 2013 the gross
participation rate was 53.66 percent, in 2014 the participation rate was 52.05 and in 2015 the
participation rate is only 35.86. So the problem is easily noticeable. The dropout rate is also
alarming. In 2014 the dropout rate among female in Bangladesh was 17.05, but in 2015 this rate
increased in 24.60 percent which is a huge treat for Bangladesh. (Education Scenario in
Bangladesh, 2017, p39). This is not only a problem for Bangladesh. It is also a problem for all
over the world. There are many reasons behind that. Example: early marriage, economic
condition, unwillingness of student themselves, illness, time management etc. Among all of
those reason family value and economic condition is main reason behind dropout. In Pakistan
dropout rate is greater than Bangladesh. According finding 21.11 percent dropout happen
because of financial problem , 16.66 percent dropout happen because of marriage and 12 percent
dropout happen because of time management.(Hasmi, Shahzad, & Kanwal, 2016,p214).
There is no single reason that influence to dropout Form University but all the reasons that
influence to dropout Form University are interrelated with each other. All the reasons start form
the poverty or economic condition of family, which disabled female students to pay for the basic

17. needs .Example: Transportation cost, tuition cost, buying staffs for education and so on. When a
family unable to pay for their basic needs, how can they pay for education. First they have to live
then they can do other thing. In condition students can continue study. Even if a student can, in
one stage she fills a great pressure to do some job for family. In this condition students needs to
doing something to earn money for family which force them to leave university. This problem
occur not only developing country but also developed country. This problem is increased in
developed country like UK. The dropout rate is increased day to day. In USA its estimated that
1.2 million students dropout from higher education. In developing country this rate is even
worse. According to color wise dropout rate in nationwide is thirty seven percent of Hispanic
female, forty percent black women and fifty percent native American women failed to complete
their degree in university level. As compare to other country the dropout and literacy rate is high
in Pakistan. According to UNISEF result the literacy rate is increasing gradually. The rate was
previously 39.06 percent but now its 61%. It’s also finding that among 16% of dropout, female
rate is higher than male. Poor family condition, family believe is responsible for dropout. They
family sometimes believe that girls should engaged in household rather than higher education. A
male dominated society is also responsible for dropout.(khanam, Quraishi & Nazir, 2016,pp 2-
12).In Bangladesh the enrollment rate and dropout rate both are increasing. Dropout Form
University is a important topic in many country. A student may dropout for many reasons like
financial or family reason. In this case University authority can’t do anything but they can solve
the university related problem which can save many students form dropping out. ( Hassan, 2017)
.
When news reporter asked about the reason of girls falling behind from college as well as drop
out, to the Education Minister, he (M) replied that the reasons for girls dropout form college are

18. early marriage due to poverty and lack of proper education about the consequence of this early
marriage and the distance of the college, parents do not feel safe to send their girls to a college
which is not nearby. The same result is shown by the World Bank Mission in 2014.( Billan,
2016).
Most of the girls of our country unable to reach or even them reach cannot complete the level
due to poverty and social safety matters. Poverty is a kind of curse to create the problem of
economically support. That leads to the early marriage of them when family is unable to carry
their expanse as well as child marriage among ever married women is also happening.
Sometimes the economically status of the bride family is also responsible. Without the economic
status most of the time girls at their husband house faces prevalence against their willingness for
education even it reaches to the violence level. (Education Scenario in Bangladesh, 2017, p39).

19. Recommendations
University should provide more scholarship for women education as well as the teachers should
engage all students in the class for participation in discussion and activities and motivated about
study. To induce an counseling experts in every institution should make mandatory for solving
students private matter. Online courses or blended courses can be a useful hand to the students
who are in a position to leave institution, this type of course can be the alternative hand for them,
and these courses can be continued from home if they wanted to. With the addition, short time
courses or diploma should offer from university for women. Awareness should be increased
among Lower class family by knowing that women are the assets for family. Finally, law should
be properly enforced against early marriage.

20. Research Findings:
The data I collected its support my hypothesis. In my research I found out that most dropouts
occur among women in university level is for either family value or economic condition of
family. There are other reasons but they are directly or indirectly related to those reasons. Lower
class family mainly responsible for women dropout.
The reasons of Women University are varied. Majority responds agree that economic class of a
family has influence over women university dropout. Lower class family parents believe that
education is not very important for women. Responds also agree that family value is responsible
for women university dropout. Because some family believe that women are the burden for a
family. They tent to give their female children early marriage.
Women basically dropout university for subsidies family income or early marriage. Awareness is
a grate issue which can solve this problem. Majority of the responds suggest that awareness
should be increased by government among lower class family to solve this problem. Because
lower class family have no interest to educate their female child. From my secondary research I
also found out that short time course should be offered so that female students can complete
their degree early.

21. Conclusion
At the end of the conversion, we have found out many factors responsible for women drop out. .
It was found that low economic status, family background, atmosphere and curriculum are the
main reasons of dropout. In addition to the factors mentioned above, college distance, teachers’
favoritism, poor financial resources and less institutional facilities appeared to be important
reasons for respondents to leave the university. A very minority of women thinks about further
continuing their education and to get a job after completion but majority of the women are not
satisfied with their status and do not thinks about further continuing their study and they even do
not want to think about getting a job. According to the research, it is found that parents and
social environment plays an important role to encourage the women to continue their study as
well as the educational institution itself by providing scholarship. Finally, it can be said that not
only the support from the family but also the social support and educational institution can also
play a major role against women drop out from the educational institution

22. References
Hashmi, M, A, Shahzad, M. & Kanwal, Z. (2016). Exploring Dropout Reasons of
undergraduate Female Students. Education and Research.38, 211-218. Retrieved from
http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/ier/PDF-FILES/15_38_2_16.pdf
Afifa, k. Uzma, Q & Habiba, N. (2016). A Study of Reasons and Implications of the Dropout
Phenomenon in Women at University. Research and Reflections in Education. 10,159-172.
Retrieved from http://ue.edu.pk/jrre/articles/102006.pdf
Preventing Dropout from Higher Education (2017 July 27). Daily Sun . Retrieved from
http://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/243524/Preventing-Dropout-fromHigher-
Education
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, UCEP Bangladesh & Diakonia Bangladesh (2017,
February), Education Scenario in Bangladesh: Gender perspective. pp. 45-52
Billah, M. (2016, June 30). Causes of student dropout. Theindependent. Retrieved from
http://www.theindependentbd.com/printversion/details/49696