Paper presentation

1. Paper presentation on
“PILL CAMERA”
Team name: Presented By:
MK & AR Arunachalam.R
and MuthuKumar.S
First Year BS.c -IT

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Differences
• Illustration
• Parts of the pill
• Procedure
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Uses
• Conclusion

3. Introduction
1. In the mid 1990s, an Israeli electro-optical engineer Mr.Gavriel
Iddan expressed his idea of wireless capsule Endoscopy.
2. In 1998, Mr. Iddan
given imaging for his
prototype (pill cam)
and received
approval from FDA in 2001.
3. Almost he took twenty years for creating a disposable pill
camera.
4. Capsule endoscopy is a procedure that uses a tiny wireless
camera to take pictures of your digestive tract. A capsule
endoscopy camera is kept inside the vitamin-size capsule.
5. Size of the capsule is 1 inch.

4. Differences
Capsule Endoscopy
• Capsule endoscopy is a
procedure that uses a tiny
wireless camera to take
pictures of your digestive
tract. A capsule endoscopy
camera is kept inside the
vitamin-size capsule.
• The capsule is swallowed.
• Patients with pacemakers,
pregnant women face
difficulties. It is very expensive
and not reusable
Conventional Method
(Endoscopy)
• Endoscopy is a procedure
that uses a thin wired
camera to take pictures of
your digestive tract.
• The wire is passed through
the esophagus .
• Some time it is allergic,
perforation of an organ,
bleeding, etc.

5. Capsule Endoscopy

6. Conventional Method
Endoscopic Procedure of EUS Endoscopy

7. Illustration
• The device, called the Diagnostic Imaging
System, comes in capsule form and
contains a camera, lights, transmitter
and batteries.
• The latest pill camera is sized at
26*11 mm and is capable of transmitting 50,000
color images during its traversal through the
digestive system of patient.

8. Parts of the pill
1. OPTICAL DOME
2. LENS HOLDER
3. LENS
4. ILLUMINATING LED’S
5. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR
6. BATTERY
7. ASIC TRANSMITTER
8. ANTENNA

9. 1.Optical Dome:
• It is the front part of the capsule and it is bullet shaped and so
helps propel the capsule forward easily.
• Optical Dome is the Light Receiving Window .
2.Lens Holder:
• The Lens Holder is that part of the capsule which
accommodates the lens.
• The lens is tightly fixed to the holder so that it doesn’t get
dislocated anytime.
3.Lens:
• The Lens is an integral component of the capsule.
• It is arranged behind the Light Receiving Window.
4.Illuminating LED’s:
• Illuminating LED’s illuminate an object. Four LED’s (Light
• Emitting Diodes) are present. These lighting devices are
arranged in donut(ring) shape.

10. 5.CMOS Image Sensor:
• CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)
Image Sensor is the most important part of the capsule.
It is highly sensitive and produces very high quality
images and have high precise.
• It has 140º field of view and can detect objects as small
as possible.
6.Battery:
• Battery used in the capsule is button shaped and are
two in number as shown. The batteries are arranged
together just behind the CMOS Image Sensor.
• Silver Oxide primary batteries are used. Such a battery
is disposable and doesn’t cause harm to the body.

11. 7.ASIC Transmitter:
• The ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)
Transmitter is arranged behind the batteries as
shown. Two Transmitting Electrodes are connected
to the outlines of the ASIC Transmitter.
8.Antenna:
• As shown, the Antenna is arranged at the end of
the capsule. It is enclosed in a dome shaped
chamber.

13. Procedure
1. Before taking the pill:
On the day of your capsule endoscopy,
your health care team will review the
procedure. You might be asked to
remove your shirt so that adhesive patches
can be attached to your abdomen. Each patch contains an
antenna with wires that connect to a recorder. Some devices
don't require the patches. You wear the recorder on a special
belt around your waist. The camera sends images to the antenna
patches on your abdomen, which feed the data to the recorder.
The recorder collects and stores the images.

14. 2. During taking the pill:
Once the recorder is connected and ready, you swallow the
camera capsule with water. A slippery coating makes it
easier to swallow. Once you swallow it, you shouldn't be
able to feel it. You'll then go about your day. You can drive,
and you might be able to go to work, depending on your job.
Your doctor will discuss restrictions — for example, avoiding
strenuous activity, such as running and jumping — with you.

15. 3. After the procedure:
Wait two hours after you swallow the capsule to resume
drinking clear liquids. After four hours, you can have a light
lunch or a snack unless your doctor tells you otherwise.
The capsule endoscopy procedure is complete after eight hours
or when you see the camera capsule in the toilet after a bowel
movement, whichever comes first. Remove the patches and the
recorder from your body, pack them in a bag and follow your
doctor's instructions for returning the equipment. You can flush
the camera capsule down the toilet.
Once the procedure is finished, your body might expel the
camera capsule within hours or after several days. Each person's
digestive system is different. If you don't see the capsule in the
toilet within two weeks, contact your doctor. Your doctor might
order an X-ray to see if the capsule is still in your body.

16. • Painless, no side affects or
complications and avoids the
risk of sedation.
• Miniature size, so can move
easily through the digestive
system.
• Accurate, precise and
effective.
• Images taken are of very high
quality which are sent almost
instantaneously to the data
recorder for storage.
• Made of bio-compatible
material, doesn’t cause any
harm to them.
Disadvantage
• Patients with gastrointestinal
structures or narrowing are
not good candidates for this
procedure due to the risk of
obstruction.
• Patients with pacemakers,
pregnant women face
difficulties.
• It is very expensive and not
reusable.
• Impossible to control Camera
behavior.
• It cannot be used to take
biopsies
Advantage

17. USES
Mostly used in deduction of :
• Crohn's Disease.
• Malabsorption Disorders.
• Tumors of the small intestine & Vascular Disorders.
• Ulcerative Colitis.
• Medication Related To Small Bowel Injury.
• Cancer.

18. Conclusion
• The Given Endoscopy capsule is a pioneering concept
for Medical Technology of the 21st century.
• The endoscopy system is the first of its kind to be
able to provide non-invasive imaging of the entire
small intestine.
• It has revolutionized the field of diagnostic imaging
to a great extent and has proved to be of great help
to physicians all over the world.

19. THANK YOU