The document discusses a pill camera, which is a capsule endoscopy used to detect diseases in the small intestine. The pill camera contains a lens, LEDs, battery, image sensor, and transmitter to capture and transmit images. It passes naturally through the digestive tract, allowing visualization of the small intestine without risks of traditional endoscopy. The document outlines the interior components of the pill camera, how it works, applications for detecting conditions like Crohn's disease, and potential future improvements.

1. PILL CAMERA
College ID : 17EC67
Sem/Year : VII/IV
Submitted To : ECE Department
Submitted By : Shreeharsh Vyas
Shreeharsh Vyas

2. PILL CAMERA

3. 
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4. Some medical terms need to be
understand
Endoscopy
GI– Tract
Crohn’s Disease
Ulcerative Colitis
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5. Need of the pill camera
Risks due to normal endoscopy :
• Bleeding.
• Infection.
• Tearing of gastrointestinal tract.
• Reaction to sedation.
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6. Objective and Technology used
• OBJECTIVE : Pill camera endoscopy is used to detect intestinal cancer,
esophageal diseases like crohn’s disease. Its major use is to capture live
color footage of small intestinal track and detect any digestive system
disease at very early stage.
• TECHNOLOGY USED : The next step in manufacturing technology is to
manufacture products at molecular level. The technology used to achieve
manufacturing at molecular level is “NANOTECHNOLOGY”
• Nanotechnology is the creation of useful materials, devices and system
through manipulation of such miniscule matter (nanometer).
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7. Interior Of Pill
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Optical Dome
Lens
Lens Holder
Illuminating LEDs
CMOS Image Sensor
Battery
ASIC Transmitter
Antenna
Capsule Casing

8. Optical Dome
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 It has Light Receiving
Window.
 Bullet Shaped Front
Part.
 Made up of Non
Conducting Material.
 Prevent infiltration of
digestive fluids
inside the Capsule.

9. Lenses
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 It is an Integral
Component.
 Located behind light
receiving window.
 Light through window
fall on lens.

10. Lens Holder
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 Helps to
accommodate the
lens
 It avoids dislocation
of lens.

11. CMOS Image Sensor
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 It is of 140 degree of
field of view and can
detect 0.1 mm object.
 Operates on
photoelectric
phenomenon.
 It converts the charge
into voltage straight
in the pixels

12. Illuminating LEDs
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 Consists of 6 white
Light Emitting Diodes.
 It ensures proper
lighting for taking
pictures

13. Battery
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 It has two button
shaped battery.
 Made of silver oxide
which is disposable
and harmful.
 It can work up to 8
hours

14. ASIC Transmitter
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 It stands for
application specific
integrated circuit.
 It is located behind
the batteries
 Two transmitting
electrodes are present
which are electrically
isolated

15. Antenna
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 It receives the data
from ASIC transmitter
and sends to a data
recorder.
 Along the way it films
digital images and
transmits them to a
receiver worn by the
patient.

16. Capsule casing
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 It is the outer part
attached after optical
dome in which the
mini circuit inserted.
 It is totally water
proof.

17. Working and Endoscopic Procedure
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1. Pill endoscopy is a new spin off of regular endoscopy, where and
endoscope it inserted into the body to observe the walls of various
organs and reacts. Now there are pill cameras you can swallow that
will take pictures of your organs and tracts, without the discomfort of
having a tube inserted into your body.
2. Throughout the procedure the patient can perform daily tasks without
discomfort. Throughout the 8-hours, the images are transmitted to a
device about the size of a walkman. The images are received through
special antenna pads placed on the body. From this the images can be
downloaded to the computer for examination

18. Shreeharsh Vyas
1. Power up
2. Offload data
3. Deliver Video
and Images
4. Leave the
Body
Short steps

19. Touch of IOT
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• With the help
of IOT , we can
see the images
and analyze
the path
through
mobile phones

20. Amazing facts about pill camera
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• The pill-cam „capsule‟ is about the same size as a large multi-vitamin
tablet, i.e. 2.5cm x 1cm
• The official name of the so-called “pill-cam” is the M2A Capsule
Endoscopy, and it was developed by the Israeli company given Imaging
Ltd
• The tiniest endoscope yet takes 30 two-megapixel images per second
and offloads them wirelessly
• Military scientist Iddan had worked on the seeker, or the "eye" of the
missile, which captures the targets and guides it, and believed the
same technology.

21. Advantages and Applications
 Painless , no side effects or complications.
 Miniature size , so can move easily.
 Accurate , precise , effective.
 Images taken are of very high quality and sent instantaneously
to data recorder
 Crohn's Disease , Mal-absorption Disorders , Tumors' of the
small intestine & Vascular Disorders ,Ulcerative Colitis
,Medication Related To Small Bowel Injury .
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22. Drawbacks
It is a revolution, no question about it but the capsule poses medical
risks :
• Unfortunately, patients with gastrointestinal structures or narrowing
are not good candidates for this procedure due to the risk of
obstruction.
• There is a risk that the pill will get stuck there and a patient who
might have come in for diagnostically reasons may end up in the
emergency room for intestinal obstruction.
• Consequently it becomes impossible to control the camera behavior,
including the on/off power functions and effective illuminations
inside the intestine
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23. Conclusion
• This pill camera technology has glorified biomedical science and
helped doctors to diagnose such a complicated intestinal gut in easy
way.
• Use of Pill camera on large scale will reduce unwanted death rate in
upcoming decades .
• But in rare case the capsule which is swallowed if does not pass
through the body further , then it may removed through surgically.
• So this proposed capsule endoscopic model has to be further
modified after knowing its disadvantage which occurs while the
transmission of video image.
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24. Future Scope
• This pill camera technology in future can be design to sense
temperature, pressure, and various diseases with its virus present in
body.
• Also it can be made in the form of programmable chip so that it can
work blood cell (WBC‟s and RBC‟s) reconstruction. This can prevent
patients from surgical operation.
Shreeharsh Vyas

25. References
• Websites :
• www.rp-photonics.com
• www.popsci.com
• www.mayoclinic.com
• www.baumer.com
• Technical paper on Camera pill endoscopy- Naga Raj.Y
• Technical paper on Emerging Technology- an imaging pill for gastro
intestinal endoscopy.
• Technical paper on Wireless capsule endoscopy by P.Swan.
Shreeharsh Vyas

26. Thank You
By - Shreeharsh Vyas