Baron Maurice de Hirsch founded the Jewish Colonization Association in 1891 to help Jews become agriculturalists after being denied this opportunity in Europe. He established settlements for Jews in the United States and Argentina. The settlements in the US struggled initially except for Woodbine, New Jersey, which became self-governing. By the 1920s, there were an estimated 80,000 Jewish farmers in the US owning over $150 million in land and assets. Jewish farming expanded and was most successful with poultry farming in New Jersey in the early and mid-20th century.

1. JEWS IN AMERICAN
AGRICULTURE
ARTHUR L. FINKLE
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3. Jewish Colonization Society
In 1891 in London by Baron M. Hirsch of London, has an idea that
Jews should become agriculturalists, something denied in Europe.
Accordingly he established a society to benefit of those who
wished to take up work in agriculture. He and the Russian
government agreed to relocate Jews to Argentina: 3,250,000 Jews
emigrating over a 25-year time period.
Baron Hirsch also sponsored sixteen agricultural developments
in the United States. Woodbine, NJ was the most successful.
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5. BARON MAURICE DE HIRSCH
• He founded the Jewish Colonization Association as an English society, with a capital
of £2,000,000, and in 1892 he presented to it a further sum of £7,000,000. On the
death of his wife in 1899 the capital was increased to £11,000,000, of which
£1,250,000 went to the Treasury, after some litigation, in death duties.
•
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_de_Hirsch
•
• 1891 - USD 10 million
• 2017 - $5,940,000,000
• http://www.likeforex.com/currency-converter/british-sterling-pound-gbp_usd-us-
dollar.htm/1891
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6. JEWISH COLONIZATION ASSOCIATION
ONLY IN NEW JERSEY DID THE SETTLEMENTS FINALLY SUCCEED.
IN SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY, , FOUR MAJOR SETTLEMENTS WERE ESTABLISHED:
CARMEL AND
ALLIANCE IN MAY 1882
ROSENHAYN IN 1883
NORMA, 1884
WOODBINE IN 1891
THE FIRST THREE SETTLEMENTS EVENTUALLY BECAME PART OF THE CITY OF
VINELAND, N.J., AND LOST THEIR INDIVIDUAL IDENTITIES. BUT WOODBINE,
WHICH INCORPORATED ITSELF AS THE BOROUGH OF WOODBINE IN 1903, BECAME
KNOWN AS THE "FIRST SELF-GOVERNING JEWISH COMMUNITY SINCE THE FALL
OF JERUSALEM."
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7. JEWISH COLONIZATION ASSN – S.
AMERICA
• Only 6,000 Jews immigrated to Argentina within the first three years and of these,
half stayed put in Buenos Aires. Within a decade, the association transplanted to
Argentina a grand total of 10,000 Jews.
• The reason for the failure was that Jews simply preferred going to the Goldene
Medina rather than struggling in Argentine dust and mud. During the previous
decade, the United States population of 250,000 Jews had doubled, and another
165,000 Jews streamed to the US shores during the first three years of the Argentina
debacle.
• Within a decade, the association transplanted to Argentina a grand total of 10,000
Jews.
• Brazil
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8. MARCH 4, 1928
“THE INTEREST OF THE JEW IN FARMING IS
UNABATED” SAYS GABRIEL DAVIDSON, GENERAL
MANAGER OF THE JEWISH AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY IN
ITS TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT JUST ISSUED.
THE JEWISH FARM POPULATION IN THE UNITED
STATES HAS GROWN FROM BARELY A THOUSAND IN
1900 TO AN ESTIMATED POPULATION OF EIGHTY
THOUSAND IN 1928. ONE MILLION ACRES ARE TODAY
BEING FARMED BY JEWS AND THE REAL ESTATE AND
PERSONAL PROPERTY VALUE OF THEIR HOLDINGS IS
OVER $150,000,000.
80,000 JEWISH FARMERS US-19288

9. SOUTHERN JERSEY FARMS
Woodbine: Success Based on Experience
Mitspah, New Jersey
Alliance
Vineland
Rosenhayn
Norma
Carmel
Estelle
Carton Road and Six Points
Brotmanville
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10. JEWISH COLONIZATION ORGANIZATION AND OTHERS
ASSISTING TRANSITION FOR IMMIGRANTS
Cimarron, OK
Kansas - Beer Sheba
Clarion, UT
Happyville, S CAR.
Woodlawn, MD
ARIZONA'S JEWISH FARMERS AND RANCHERS
New Jersey Successes
Flemington
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11. SUCCESSFUL JEWISH FARMING IN US
• Petaluma, California
• Eastern Connecticut Jewish farming communities
• Chesterfield, Connecticut
• New York's Sullivan and Ulster Counties
• Flemington, NJ – After All The Kinks Are Worked Out
• The Historic Dvoor Farm
• New York's Sullivan and Ulster Counties
• Flemington, NJ – After All The Kinks Are Worked Out
• The Historic Dvoor Farm
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12. JEWISH DEMOGRAPHICS 1880-1890
Demographics 1880-1890
1880-90- The immigration records include 182, 624
Russian immigrants to the United States, most of
whom were Jewish. They settled in New York City
(58.5 thousand); Northeast coast (34,600). That left
88 thousand who ventured beyond New York and the
East Coast. Were they farmers? No records exist.
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13. JEWISH DEMOGRAPHICS
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Historical US Jewish Population
Year Pop. ±%
1790 1,500 —
1800 2,250 50.00%
1810 2,625 16.70%
1820 3,000 14.30%
1830 6,000 100.00%
1840 15,000 150.00%
1850 50,000 233.30%
1860 150,000 200.00%
1870 200,000 33.30%
1880 250,000 25.00%
1890 400,000 60.00%
1900 1,500,000 275.00%
1910 1,777,000 18.50%
1920 3,389,000 90.70%
1881-1924 1,700,000

14. THE SECOND PHASE OF JEWISH FARMING:
ESTABLISHING POULTRY FARMS
POULTRY FARMING
JERSEY JEWISH POULTRY FARMS
RTE. 130 CORRIDOR
FARMINGDALE – POULTRY
ROOSEVELT, NJ
TOMS RIVER
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15. THE SECOND PHASE OF JEWISH FARMING: ESTABLISHING
THE NEW FARM
•Poultry Farming
•Jersey Jewish Poultry Farms
•Farmingdale – Poultry
•Roosevelt, NJ
•Toms River
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16. The Impact of Technology on Daily Life
• Electricity and Water
• Later introduction in rural comunitities
• Age of Consumerism
• Labor Saving Devices
• Indoor plumbing (bathrooms) Hot and cold running water
• Indoor electricity
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17. MODERN CONVENIENCES
Indoor electricity allowed the home to be lighted
and provided energy for household work.
In spite of these improvements, a housewife toiled
55 hours per week in an attempt to improve the
sanitation of the habitable dwelling.
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18. AUTOS
Wide range of cars and tractors.
Affordable
Ford Model A 1908-1927 – $350-500 ($6,500)
Ford Model T 1927 - $750
Studebaker Roadster - $700
Locomobile Limo - $8,000.
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19. FAMILY INCOME, 1929
over $10,000 2.3 percent
$5,000-10,000 8 percent
2,500-$5,000 19 percent
$2,000-2,500 11 percent
$1,500-2,000 18 percent
$1,000-1,500 21 percent
under $1,000 21 percent
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20. POULTRY FARMING
•1925-1954
•Jewish Market
•World War 2 – poultry became a meat
source
•Eggs
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21. FLEMINGTON LEHIGH STATION
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22. UNION HOTEL22

23. DVOOR FARM23

24. WETSTEIN FARM
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26. WEBSITE
HTTP://JEWISHFARMERSINAMERICA.BLOGSPOT.COM
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