Please assist with my discussion !Select two components of the lym.pdf

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Please assist with my discussion ! Select two components of the lymphatic and immune systems. Discuss in detail how they are dissimilar and yet provide immunity to the body. Cite references in your narrative detail and explain using figures/diagrams Solution Answer: Immune system carried their work through cells of the lymphatic system and the products of the immune system are usually carried in the lymphatic vessels. Lymphatic system: Lymphatic system is a collection of vessels, nodes structures and organs that collect proteins and fluid and return it to the main body circulation, thus maintaining the body’s fluid balance. It also traps foreign particles and provide immune cells for the defense. it contain mainly lymphatic vessels and lymphatic nodes. Lymphatic vessels distributed in a connected system to collect lymph that discharge from blood capillaries and conduct it to large vein of neck at junction of internal jugular vein and subclavian vein and lymph nodes work as filter and passes through veins and add lymphocytes to it. lymphocytes are a type of white blood cells(WBC), it defend host from disease and infection. Immunesystem:The immune system provides long term immunity to certain diseases and defends against bacterial and viral invasions. It is composed of a complex series of cells, chemical factors, and organs. The stem cells of bone marrow develop into the cells of the immune system during the fetal stage of human development. There are two special types of cells responsible for immune activities, namely B-lymphocytes and T- lymphocytes. There are two types of immunity carried out by the immune system; humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. Humoral immunity is carried out by B-lymphocytes and antibodies, whereas cell- mediated immunity is carried out by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. The major differences lies between lympatic system and immune systems are given as below: (a) Immune system is linked with nervous system and endocrine system whereas lymphatic system is linked with cardiovascular system. (b) lymphatic system is composed of vessels, nodes and other related organs while immune system is made of B and T- cells. (c) Lymphatic system have organ system and have specific anatomy while it is not found in immune system. (d) Main function of lymphatic system are fluid absorption and recovery whereas immune system provide direct defense against bacteria and virus by mechanism of direct immune response..

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Homework 3 P11Is this relation a function (Write either Yes.pdf

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i have a runable code below that works with just guessing where the ships are. i need help editing this code to be able to have a player play against computer and taking turns playing battleship. BattleShipGame.java package battleship; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Scanner; public class BattleshipGame { private Ocean ocean; private boolean[][] availableSpot; private Scanner sc; public BattleshipGame() { // define a new ocean and a new 2D array to store available coordinates ocean = new Ocean(); availableSpot = new boolean[10][10]; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++){ availableSpot[i][j] = true; } } } /** * prints the game menu and info * //param select */ public void print(int select){ String info; switch (select) { case 1: info = \"Welcome to the World of Battleship!\"; break; case 2: info = \"Enter coordinates to fire: \"; break; case 3: info = \"Shots fired: \"+ocean.getShotsFired()+\", Ships sunk: \"+ocean.getShipsSunk(); break; case 4: info = \"Congratulations! You win!\"; break; case 99: info = \"Invalid input. Please re-enter:\"; break; case 100: info = \"--------------------------------------------\"; break; case 101: info = \"\ ============================================\"; break; default: info = \"Error selection\"; break; } System.out.println(info); } /** * check if the input is valid * //param input * //return boolean */ public boolean checkValidInput(String input){ ArrayList numList = new ArrayList(); for (int i=0;i<10;i++){ numList.add(\"\"+i); } String[] coordinates = input.split(\" \"); //returns false if there are not 2 strings if (coordinates.length!=2){ return false; } //returns false if any of the strings is not a single digit number for (String str: coordinates){ if (numList.contains(str)==false){ return false; } } //returns false if the coordinates have already been shot at int row = Integer.parseInt(coordinates[0]); int column = Integer.parseInt(coordinates[1]); if (this.availableSpot[row][column]==false){ return false; } return true; } /** * get the coordinates to shoot at from the String input * //param input * //return int[] coordinates */ public int[] getCoordinates(String input){ int[] coordinates = new int[2]; String[] strList = input.split(\" \"); int row = Integer.parseInt(strList[0]); int column = Integer.parseInt(strList[1]); coordinates[0] = row; coordinates[1] = column; return coordinates; } /** * play the battleship game */ public void play(){ print(101); print(1); ocean.placeAllShipsRandomly(); boolean isGameOver = ocean.isGameOver(); sc = new Scanner(System.in); //print the ocean and start the game ocean.print(); print(3); while (!isGameOver){ print(2); String input = sc.nextLine(); //check if input is valid while (!checkValidInput(input)){ print(99); input = sc.nextLine(); } //get coordinates and fire int[] coordinates = getCoordinates(input); int row = coordinates[0]; int column = coordinates[1]; ocean.shootAt(row, column); availableSpot[row][column] = false; isGa.

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Female copperhead snakes have the ability to reproduce both sexually and asexually. In your opinion, which method is best for the species in general and why? include the following in your post: Discuss asexual and sexual reproduction in terms of genetic diversity. How is meiosis related to genetic diversity? Use one of Gregor Mendel\'s ideas to support your opinion. Solution Female copperhead snakes have the ability to reproduce both sexually and asexually. While asexual reproduction involves only one organisms, sexual reproduction requires both a male and a female. According to my opinion, the best reproduction method for this species is sexual reproduction. The reason is that after several years the species would lose its ability to thrive in a given environment. This ultimately would lead to an extinction of the species after many years, and would leave this particular species open to other prey because of its ability to survive. Sexual vs Asexual in terms of genetic diversity and meiosis relationship: The process of sexual reproduction involves two parents, each contributing one gamete. Gametes are produced by a process called meiosis, which starts by the duplication of chromosomes, followed by two rounds of cell divisions and halving of the chromosome number. Gametes have half the chromosome number of other adult cells of organism. A key feature of meiosis is the excahnge of chromosome pieces which occurs in the first division of this process, called recombination or crossing over. Recombination is a very improtant source of genetic variation between individuals of sexually reproducting species, and the driving force for the process of nature selection. Gregor Mendel known as the father of Genetics came up with different ideas or theories relating to genetics in offspring. His theory that best fits my opinion is the blending theory of inheritance. The Blending theory of inheritance states, the original parental traits were lost or absorbed by the blending in the offspring..

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Explain some of the commonly held misconceptions about cloning. Why do you think people have these kinds of misconceptions? Solution There remains several misconceptions about cloning , as- 1.cloning can create carbon copy of the original, 2.it is against the nature, as it reduce biological diversity 3.people create clone for selfish reasons, 4.clones will have shorter life span. 5.human clones will be used as organ donors. the cause of misconcept of people due to lack of knowledge about cloning, and may be we are afraid of its consequences whih we think go against us, beside that there are also several ethical issues..

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Describe nN when the number of positive divisors of n is: i) p2 for p a prime; ii) 105. Solution There exist an infinite number of primes. Proof. Suppose that there are a finite number of primes, say p1, p2, . . . , pn. Let N = p1p2 · · · pn + 1. By the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, N is divisible by some prime p. This prime p must be among the pi , since by assumption these are all the primes, but N is seen not to be divisible by any of the pi , contradiction..

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Describe one derived trait in humans (Homo sapiens). Solution The latest chapter of human evolution begins with the emergence of Homo sapiens. The anatomy of Homo sapiens is unique among hominin species and appears first in East Africa, dating to roughly 160 thousand years ago. These unique features—including changes in the skull and postcranial skeleton (skeleton minus skull) - suggest changes in brain size and architecture and an adaptation to tropical environments. These anatomical changes are linked to cognitive and behavioral changes that are equally unique among hominin species. In particular, the archaeological evidence of behaviors thought to be unique to Homo sapiens, which appear first in Africa around 170 ka, highlight the importance of symbolism, complex cognitive behaviors, and a broad subsistence strategy (the strategy used to procure food). The evolution of Homo sapiens is vitally important to defining our species in the broader context of human evolution and also has key to understanding the human condition, past and present. Food: All Homo sapiens were once hunter-gatherers living on wild plants and animals. It was only about 11,000 years ago that humans began to domesticate plants and animals although wild foods still remained important in the diet. Our species has a wide-ranging and essentially omnivorous diet. This has enabled us to utilise the food resources found in the wide variety of environments we inhabit. Settlement: Early Homo sapiens often inhabited caves or rock shelters if these were available. More recently, especially within the last 20,000 years, natural shelters were enhanced with walls or other simple modifications. In open areas, shelters were constructed using a range of framework materials including wooden poles and the bones of large animals, such as mammoths. These structures were probably covered with animal hides and the living areas included fire hearths. Living sites were much larger than those occupied by earlier humans and a comparison with modern traditional peoples suggests that clans consisted of between 25 and 100 members. Other significant morphological changes included: the evolution of a power and precision grip; a reduced masticatory system; a reduction of the canine tooth; and the descent of the larynx and hyoid bone, making speech possible. An important physiological change in humans was the evolution of hidden oestrus, or concealed ovulation, which may have coincided with the evolution of important behavioural changes, such as pair bonding. Another significant behavioural change was the development of material culture, with human-made objects becoming increasingly common and diversified over time. The relationship between all these changes is the subject of ongoing debate..

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Consider the table below: How many features/attributes are in this sample? Classify each of attributes as binary, discrete, or continuous. Also classify them as qualitative(nominal or ordinal) or quantitative (interval or ratio). Solution a) Here we have 7 attributes those are Item, Year, Model, Price, Mileage, Colour, Transmission b) Transmission is an binary attribute becuase it had only two values as Auto and Manual Model, Colour are discrete attributes Price, Year, Mileage are Continuous attributes.

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Chickens vary in color. Black and white color variation can be traced to a single co-dominant gene in which black chickens and white chickens are each homozygous for the black (BB) and white (bb) allele, respectively, while speckled hens are heterozygous (Bb) Cause of Variation If one of the alleles was ancestral, what is the most likely event that caused the other allele encoding a color variant to arise in chickens? During which cellular process did this most event most likely occur? Name one enzyme that was involved in this cellular process. Selection and the maintenance of variation Generate a hypothesis for why this variation in chicken color may be present today (do not consider the hypothetical situation in Q2b) Hypothetically, say that speckled hens lay twice as many eggs, and thus produce twice as many offspring as either white or black hens. If this were the case, briefly explain one possible reason that black and white chickens are still produced. Solution Codominance is observed when two different alleles of a specific single-gene trait are both expressed simultaneously. It follows non-Mendelian inheritance patterns. Both the dominant alleles coexist and work together to express both phenotypes in equal measures. This would lead to the phenotype having characteristics of both alleles. For example, feather colour in hens may be white, black or speckled (it has both white feathers and black feathers). The alleles can be shown as W for white and B for black. There are three possible genotypes: WW, BB and BW. There are also three possible phenotypes: WW = white, BB = black, and BW = speckled. The event which may have caused the allele ecoding a color varient could be that, When genes are far apart on the chromosome they can segregate independantly. This is due to crossing over. this event occurs during meiotic division.Mutations are caused due to this and give rise to variations. In birds and mammals, unpigmented pigment cell precursors known as melanoblasts migrate from the neural crest to the epidermis and into developing feather or hair follicles. Mature pigment cells known as melanocytes synthesize melanin pigment, package it into melanosomes and then transfer those melanosomes to keratinocytes for deposition into developing feathers and hairs.Though mammals and birds have only one pigment cell type, the melanocyte, these cells can produce either eumelanin (black/brown) or pheomelanin (yellow/red) and can switch rapidly between the synthesis of these two pigment types Increased production of eumelanin and a corresponding reduction in pheomelanin synthesis generates a melanic phenotype, which may be dark brown or entirely black. This switch is primarily controlled by the interaction of two genes: the melanocortin receptor 1 (Mc1r) and agouti. which are affected by mutations and polymorphisms.Melanism is the pattern,Mc1r is the gene inchicken (Gallus gallus).

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write a program that given a list of 20 integers, sorts them according to insert sort. java Solution public class InsertionSort { /** * method to sort the array elements using insertion sorts * * * @param array * @return */ public static int[] insertionSort(int array[]) { int n = array.length; for (int j = 1; j < n; j++) { int key = array[j]; int i = j - 1; while ((i > -1) && (array[i] > key)) { array[i + 1] = array[i]; i--; } array[i + 1] = key; } return array; } /** * method to print the array elements * * @param input */ private static void printNumbers(int[] input) { for (int i = 0; i < input.length; i++) { System.out.print(input[i] + \", \"); } System.out.println(\"\ \"); } /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { int[] input = { 3, 26, 67, 35, 9, -6, 43, 82, 10, 54, 14, 22, 21, 32, 121, 231, 12, 98, 77, 65 }; System.out.println(\"Before Sorting\"); printNumbers(input); input = insertionSort(input); System.out.println(\"Before Sorting\"); printNumbers(input); } } OUTPUT: Before Sorting 3, 26, 67, 35, 9, -6, 43, 82, 10, 54, 14, 22, 21, 32, 121, 231, 12, 98, 77, 65, Before Sorting -6, 3, 9, 10, 12, 14, 21, 22, 26, 32, 35, 43, 54, 65, 67, 77, 82, 98, 121, 231,.

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which of the following types of orgnisms possess the enzyme catalase? A) obligate aerobe B) obligate anaerobe C) facultative anaerobe D) both A & B Solution answer is A. obligate aerobes are able to use oxygen as terminal electron acceptor during respiration contain catalase. obligate anaerobes even though possess catalase, it is very rare and in less quantities. facultative anaerobes which ferment and does not respire using oxygen are also catalase negative. facultative anaerobes under aerobic conditions possess catalase for aerobic respiration.

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What is the future of PKI? Acceptance of PKI solutions—and product sales—has fallen short of early estimates. What would the “killer app” for PKI sales look like? Will biometrics involve encryption? How are biometric technologies dependent on the use of cryptography? Solution Answer : future of PKI : 1) The future of public key infrastructure is stronger and it remains the most practical cost effective solutions and the ever growing security things. 2) The pki inter related network and electronic things. 3) The future of PKI is very bright, fruitful, trust management and using phones..

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An \"easy\" temperament is best characterized as: options: high sociability and low adaptability. high emotionality and high adaptability. high contentment and high adaptability. what is considered an \"easy\" temperament depends on the parents. high activity and low emotionality. Solution Answer: d) what is considered an \"easy\" temperament depends on the parents. Temperament is an individual\'s characteristic level of emotional excitability or intensity, heredity plays an important part in creating temperament..

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A protein that was isolated by a team of university scien4sts is suspected to be expressed on a yet to be iden4fied lymphocyte. With your group partners – outline a series of experiments that you would design to iden4fy the cells expressing the protein. Solution Most of the genes expressed as proteins and proteins involved in cell function. Lymphocytes are the part of leucocyte present in the lymphatic system.They are some experiments to identify the cells expressing the protein.They are differential protein expression using 2-d gel electrophoresis and by gene expression profiling, serial analysis of gene expression..

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A laser beam strikes one end of a slab of material of length L = 42.0 cm and thickness t=3.10 mm. Itenters the material at the center striking it at an angle of incidence of 50.0 degrees. The index of refraction of the slab is n = 1.48. How many internal reflections the light makes from the top and bottom of the slab before exiting at the other end. Solution As the beam enters the slab n1*sin A1 = n2*sin A2 1*sin 50 = 1.48*sin A2 A2 = arcsin(sin 50/1.48) = 31.2 deg the beam then stirkes at the top of slab at x1 x1 = 1.55*10^-3/tan 31.2 = 2.56*10^-3 m (from the left end) After that the beam strike at slab each time it has traveled a distance of 2x1 Since the slab is 42 cm long, total distance to travel after first reflection = 42 cm - x1 (42 cm - x1)/2x1 = (42*10^-2 - 2.56*10^-3)/(2*2.56*10^-3) = 81.53 reflections Since the number of reflection will be integer, So total number of reflections will be 82..

A laser beam strikes one end of a slab of material of length L = 42..pdf

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