Describe one derived trait in humans (Homo sapiens).SolutionThe.pdf
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Describe one derived trait in humans (Homo sapiens). Solution The latest chapter of human evolution begins with the emergence of Homo sapiens. The anatomy of Homo sapiens is unique among hominin species and appears first in East Africa, dating to roughly 160 thousand years ago. These unique features—including changes in the skull and postcranial skeleton (skeleton minus skull) - suggest changes in brain size and architecture and an adaptation to tropical environments. These anatomical changes are linked to cognitive and behavioral changes that are equally unique among hominin species. In particular, the archaeological evidence of behaviors thought to be unique to Homo sapiens, which appear first in Africa around 170 ka, highlight the importance of symbolism, complex cognitive behaviors, and a broad subsistence strategy (the strategy used to procure food). The evolution of Homo sapiens is vitally important to defining our species in the broader context of human evolution and also has key to understanding the human condition, past and present. Food: All Homo sapiens were once hunter-gatherers living on wild plants and animals. It was only about 11,000 years ago that humans began to domesticate plants and animals although wild foods still remained important in the diet. Our species has a wide-ranging and essentially omnivorous diet. This has enabled us to utilise the food resources found in the wide variety of environments we inhabit. Settlement: Early Homo sapiens often inhabited caves or rock shelters if these were available. More recently, especially within the last 20,000 years, natural shelters were enhanced with walls or other simple modifications. In open areas, shelters were constructed using a range of framework materials including wooden poles and the bones of large animals, such as mammoths. These structures were probably covered with animal hides and the living areas included fire hearths. Living sites were much larger than those occupied by earlier humans and a comparison with modern traditional peoples suggests that clans consisted of between 25 and 100 members. Other significant morphological changes included: the evolution of a power and precision grip; a reduced masticatory system; a reduction of the canine tooth; and the descent of the larynx and hyoid bone, making speech possible. An important physiological change in humans was the evolution of hidden oestrus, or concealed ovulation, which may have coincided with the evolution of important behavioural changes, such as pair bonding. Another significant behavioural change was the development of material culture, with human-made objects becoming increasingly common and diversified over time. The relationship between all these changes is the subject of ongoing debate..
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GROUP-3-UCSP.pptx
Evolution is a process that results in changes that are passed on or inherited from generation, which help organisms survive, reproduce, and raise offspring. These changes become common throughout a population, leading to new species.
Biological evolution explains how all living things evolved from a single common ancestor, but any two species may be separated by millions or billions of years.
This species was bipedal, fully erect, and capable of grasping tools and weapons with its forearms. These fossil specimens have a larger brain size of 600 cubic centimeters (37 cubic inches), as well as a jaw and tooth size more akin to modern humans.
-Fossil skulls contain tangible evidence of unequal brain development, which is mirrored in the way stone tools were formed.
-The earliest of our ancestors to show a significant increase in brain size and also the first to be found associated with stone tools
Scientific American November 13, 2002Food for ThoughtD.docx
Scientific American November 13, 2002
Food for Thought
Dietary change was a driving force in human evolution
By William R. Leonard
We humans are strange primates.
We walk on two legs, carry around enormous brains and have colonized every
corner of the globe. Anthropologists and biologists have long sought to
understand how our lineage came to differ so profoundly from the primate norm
in these ways, and over the years all manner of hypotheses aimed at explaining
each of these oddities have been put forth. But a growing body of evidence
indicates that these miscellaneous quirks of humanity in fact have a common
thread: they are largely the result of natural selection acting to maximize dietary
quality and foraging efficiency. Changes in food availability over time, it seems,
strongly influenced our hominid ancestors. Thus, in an evolutionary sense, we
are very much what we ate.
Accordingly, what we eat is yet another way in which we differ from our primate
kin. Contemporary human populations the world over have diets richer in
calories and nutrients than those of our cousins, the great apes. So when and
how did our ancestors' eating habits diverge from those of other primates?
Further, to what extent have modern humans departed from the ancestral
dietary pattern?
Scientific interest in the evolution of human nutritional requirements has a long
history. But relevant investigations started gaining momentum after 1985, when
S. Boyd Eaton and Melvin J. Konner of Emory University published a seminal
paper in the New England Journal of Medicine entitled "Paleolithic Nutrition."
They argued that the prevalence in modern societies of many chronic diseases-
-obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes, among them--is
the consequence of a mismatch between modern dietary patterns and the type
of diet that our species evolved to eat as prehistoric hunter-gatherers. Since
then, however, understanding of the evolution of human nutritional needs has
advanced considerably-- thanks in large part to new comparative analyses of
traditionally living human populations and other primates--and a more nuanced
picture has emerged. We now know that humans have evolved not to subsist on
a single, Paleolithic diet but to be flexible eaters, an insight that has important
implications for the current debate over what people today should eat in order to
be healthy.
To appreciate the role of diet in human evolution, we must remember that the
search for food, its consumption and, ultimately, how it is used for biological
processes are all critical aspects of an organism's ecology. The energy dynamic
between organisms and their environments--that is, energy expended in relation
to energy acquired--has important adaptive consequences for survival and
reproduction. These two components of Darwinian fitness are reflected in the
way we divide up an animal's energy budget. Maintenance energy is what
keeps an animal alive on a day-to-day basis. Productive e.
Recommended
GROUP-3-UCSP.pptx
Evolution is a process that results in changes that are passed on or inherited from generation, which help organisms survive, reproduce, and raise offspring. These changes become common throughout a population, leading to new species.
Biological evolution explains how all living things evolved from a single common ancestor, but any two species may be separated by millions or billions of years.
This species was bipedal, fully erect, and capable of grasping tools and weapons with its forearms. These fossil specimens have a larger brain size of 600 cubic centimeters (37 cubic inches), as well as a jaw and tooth size more akin to modern humans.
-Fossil skulls contain tangible evidence of unequal brain development, which is mirrored in the way stone tools were formed.
-The earliest of our ancestors to show a significant increase in brain size and also the first to be found associated with stone tools
Scientific American November 13, 2002Food for ThoughtD.docx
Scientific American November 13, 2002
Food for Thought
Dietary change was a driving force in human evolution
By William R. Leonard
We humans are strange primates.
We walk on two legs, carry around enormous brains and have colonized every
corner of the globe. Anthropologists and biologists have long sought to
understand how our lineage came to differ so profoundly from the primate norm
in these ways, and over the years all manner of hypotheses aimed at explaining
each of these oddities have been put forth. But a growing body of evidence
indicates that these miscellaneous quirks of humanity in fact have a common
thread: they are largely the result of natural selection acting to maximize dietary
quality and foraging efficiency. Changes in food availability over time, it seems,
strongly influenced our hominid ancestors. Thus, in an evolutionary sense, we
are very much what we ate.
Accordingly, what we eat is yet another way in which we differ from our primate
kin. Contemporary human populations the world over have diets richer in
calories and nutrients than those of our cousins, the great apes. So when and
how did our ancestors' eating habits diverge from those of other primates?
Further, to what extent have modern humans departed from the ancestral
dietary pattern?
Scientific interest in the evolution of human nutritional requirements has a long
history. But relevant investigations started gaining momentum after 1985, when
S. Boyd Eaton and Melvin J. Konner of Emory University published a seminal
paper in the New England Journal of Medicine entitled "Paleolithic Nutrition."
They argued that the prevalence in modern societies of many chronic diseases-
-obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes, among them--is
the consequence of a mismatch between modern dietary patterns and the type
of diet that our species evolved to eat as prehistoric hunter-gatherers. Since
then, however, understanding of the evolution of human nutritional needs has
advanced considerably-- thanks in large part to new comparative analyses of
traditionally living human populations and other primates--and a more nuanced
picture has emerged. We now know that humans have evolved not to subsist on
a single, Paleolithic diet but to be flexible eaters, an insight that has important
implications for the current debate over what people today should eat in order to
be healthy.
To appreciate the role of diet in human evolution, we must remember that the
search for food, its consumption and, ultimately, how it is used for biological
processes are all critical aspects of an organism's ecology. The energy dynamic
between organisms and their environments--that is, energy expended in relation
to energy acquired--has important adaptive consequences for survival and
reproduction. These two components of Darwinian fitness are reflected in the
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Anthropology and oral health
https://userupload.net/69zxggv1yww1
The mouth and teeth play an important role in social interactions around the world. The way people deal with their teeth and mouth, however, is determined culturally. When oral healthcare projects are being carried out in developing countries, differing cultural worldviews can cause misunderstandings between oral healthcare providers and their patients. The oral healthcare volunteer often has to try to understand the local assumptions about teeth and oral hygiene first, before he or she can bring about a change of behaviour, increase therapy compliance and make the oral healthcare project sustainable. Anthropology can be helpful in this respect. In 2014, in a pilot project commissioned by the Dutch Dental Care Foundation, in which oral healthcare was provided in combination with anthropological research, an oral healthcare project in Kwale (Kenia) was evaluated. The study identified 6 primary themes that indicate the most important factors influencing the oral health of school children in Kwale. Research into the local culture by oral healthcare providers would appear to be an important prerequisite to meaningful work in developing countries.
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics - Biological Evolution
This is a powerpoint presentation of one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. For this powerpoint, this serves as a presentation about the topic of the definition and timeline of human biological evolution.
Homework 3 P11Is this relation a function (Write either Yes.pdf
Homework 3 P11
Is this relation a function? (Write either \"Yes\" or \"No\")
Write \"Does Not Exist\" if the quantities do not exist.
Solution
Yes this is a many one function. Different elements maps to a single element {0}.
The domain of the function is {-2,-8,-7,7,-3}.
The range of the function is {0}..
i have a runable code below that works with just guessing where the .pdf
i have a runable code below that works with just guessing where the ships are. i need help editing
this code to be able to have a player play against computer and taking turns playing battleship.
BattleShipGame.java
package battleship;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class BattleshipGame {
private Ocean ocean;
private boolean[][] availableSpot;
private Scanner sc;
public BattleshipGame() {
// define a new ocean and a new 2D array to store available coordinates
ocean = new Ocean();
availableSpot = new boolean[10][10];
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++){
availableSpot[i][j] = true;
}
}
}
/**
* prints the game menu and info
* //param select
*/
public void print(int select){
String info;
switch (select) {
case 1: info = \"Welcome to the World of Battleship!\";
break;
case 2: info = \"Enter coordinates to fire: \";
break;
case 3: info = \"Shots fired: \"+ocean.getShotsFired()+\", Ships sunk:
\"+ocean.getShipsSunk();
break;
case 4: info = \"Congratulations! You win!\";
break;
case 99: info = \"Invalid input. Please re-enter:\";
break;
case 100: info = \"--------------------------------------------\";
break;
case 101: info = \"\ ============================================\";
break;
default: info = \"Error selection\";
break;
}
System.out.println(info);
}
/**
* check if the input is valid
* //param input
* //return boolean
*/
public boolean checkValidInput(String input){
ArrayList numList = new ArrayList();
for (int i=0;i<10;i++){
numList.add(\"\"+i);
}
String[] coordinates = input.split(\" \");
//returns false if there are not 2 strings
if (coordinates.length!=2){
return false;
}
//returns false if any of the strings is not a single digit number
for (String str: coordinates){
if (numList.contains(str)==false){
return false;
}
}
//returns false if the coordinates have already been shot at
int row = Integer.parseInt(coordinates[0]);
int column = Integer.parseInt(coordinates[1]);
if (this.availableSpot[row][column]==false){
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* get the coordinates to shoot at from the String input
* //param input
* //return int[] coordinates
*/
public int[] getCoordinates(String input){
int[] coordinates = new int[2];
String[] strList = input.split(\" \");
int row = Integer.parseInt(strList[0]);
int column = Integer.parseInt(strList[1]);
coordinates[0] = row;
coordinates[1] = column;
return coordinates;
}
/**
* play the battleship game
*/
public void play(){
print(101);
print(1);
ocean.placeAllShipsRandomly();
boolean isGameOver = ocean.isGameOver();
sc = new Scanner(System.in);
//print the ocean and start the game
ocean.print();
print(3);
while (!isGameOver){
print(2);
String input = sc.nextLine();
//check if input is valid
while (!checkValidInput(input)){
print(99);
input = sc.nextLine();
}
//get coordinates and fire
int[] coordinates = getCoordinates(input);
int row = coordinates[0];
int column = coordinates[1];
ocean.shootAt(row, column);
availableSpot[row][column] = false;
isGa.
More Related Content
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Anthropology and oral health
https://userupload.net/69zxggv1yww1
The mouth and teeth play an important role in social interactions around the world. The way people deal with their teeth and mouth, however, is determined culturally. When oral healthcare projects are being carried out in developing countries, differing cultural worldviews can cause misunderstandings between oral healthcare providers and their patients. The oral healthcare volunteer often has to try to understand the local assumptions about teeth and oral hygiene first, before he or she can bring about a change of behaviour, increase therapy compliance and make the oral healthcare project sustainable. Anthropology can be helpful in this respect. In 2014, in a pilot project commissioned by the Dutch Dental Care Foundation, in which oral healthcare was provided in combination with anthropological research, an oral healthcare project in Kwale (Kenia) was evaluated. The study identified 6 primary themes that indicate the most important factors influencing the oral health of school children in Kwale. Research into the local culture by oral healthcare providers would appear to be an important prerequisite to meaningful work in developing countries.
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics - Biological Evolution
This is a powerpoint presentation of one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. For this powerpoint, this serves as a presentation about the topic of the definition and timeline of human biological evolution.
Similar to Describe one derived trait in humans (Homo sapiens).SolutionThe.pdf (20)
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics - Biological Evolution
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Homework 3 P11Is this relation a function (Write either Yes.pdf
Homework 3 P11
Is this relation a function? (Write either \"Yes\" or \"No\")
Write \"Does Not Exist\" if the quantities do not exist.
Solution
Yes this is a many one function. Different elements maps to a single element {0}.
The domain of the function is {-2,-8,-7,7,-3}.
The range of the function is {0}..
i have a runable code below that works with just guessing where the .pdf
i have a runable code below that works with just guessing where the ships are. i need help editing
this code to be able to have a player play against computer and taking turns playing battleship.
BattleShipGame.java
package battleship;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class BattleshipGame {
private Ocean ocean;
private boolean[][] availableSpot;
private Scanner sc;
public BattleshipGame() {
// define a new ocean and a new 2D array to store available coordinates
ocean = new Ocean();
availableSpot = new boolean[10][10];
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++){
availableSpot[i][j] = true;
}
}
}
/**
* prints the game menu and info
* //param select
*/
public void print(int select){
String info;
switch (select) {
case 1: info = \"Welcome to the World of Battleship!\";
break;
case 2: info = \"Enter coordinates to fire: \";
break;
case 3: info = \"Shots fired: \"+ocean.getShotsFired()+\", Ships sunk:
\"+ocean.getShipsSunk();
break;
case 4: info = \"Congratulations! You win!\";
break;
case 99: info = \"Invalid input. Please re-enter:\";
break;
case 100: info = \"--------------------------------------------\";
break;
case 101: info = \"\ ============================================\";
break;
default: info = \"Error selection\";
break;
}
System.out.println(info);
}
/**
* check if the input is valid
* //param input
* //return boolean
*/
public boolean checkValidInput(String input){
ArrayList numList = new ArrayList();
for (int i=0;i<10;i++){
numList.add(\"\"+i);
}
String[] coordinates = input.split(\" \");
//returns false if there are not 2 strings
if (coordinates.length!=2){
return false;
}
//returns false if any of the strings is not a single digit number
for (String str: coordinates){
if (numList.contains(str)==false){
return false;
}
}
//returns false if the coordinates have already been shot at
int row = Integer.parseInt(coordinates[0]);
int column = Integer.parseInt(coordinates[1]);
if (this.availableSpot[row][column]==false){
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* get the coordinates to shoot at from the String input
* //param input
* //return int[] coordinates
*/
public int[] getCoordinates(String input){
int[] coordinates = new int[2];
String[] strList = input.split(\" \");
int row = Integer.parseInt(strList[0]);
int column = Integer.parseInt(strList[1]);
coordinates[0] = row;
coordinates[1] = column;
return coordinates;
}
/**
* play the battleship game
*/
public void play(){
print(101);
print(1);
ocean.placeAllShipsRandomly();
boolean isGameOver = ocean.isGameOver();
sc = new Scanner(System.in);
//print the ocean and start the game
ocean.print();
print(3);
while (!isGameOver){
print(2);
String input = sc.nextLine();
//check if input is valid
while (!checkValidInput(input)){
print(99);
input = sc.nextLine();
}
//get coordinates and fire
int[] coordinates = getCoordinates(input);
int row = coordinates[0];
int column = coordinates[1];
ocean.shootAt(row, column);
availableSpot[row][column] = false;
isGa.
Find Tukey-Kramer resultsa. Group 1 to Group 2 Different Not D.pdf
Find Tukey-Kramer results:
a. Group 1 to Group 2: Different / Not Different
b. Group 1 to Group 3: Different / Not Different
c. Group 1 to Group 4: Different / Not Different
d. Group 2 to Group 3: Different / Not Different
e. Group 2 to Group 4: Different / Not Different
f. Group 3 to Group 4: Different / Not
DifferentDesign1Design2Design3Design4206.32217.08226.77230.55207.94221.43224.79227.95
206.19218.04229.75231.84204.45224.13228.51224.87209.65211.82221.44229.49203.81213.90
223.85231.10206.75221.28223.97221.53205.68229.43234.30235.45204.49213.54219.50228.35
210.86214.51233.00225.09
Solution
The SPSS ANOVA output for the given data is
Multiple Comparisons
Response
Tukey HSD
(I) Design
(J) Design
Mean Difference (I-J)
Std. Error
Sig.
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
1.00
2.00
-11.90200*
1.93911
.000
-17.1245
-6.6795
3.00
-19.97400*
1.93911
.000
-25.1965
-14.7515
4.00
-22.00800*
1.93911
.000
-27.2305
-16.7855
2.00
1.00
11.90200*
1.93911
.000
6.6795
17.1245
3.00
-8.07200*
1.93911
.001
-13.2945
-2.8495
4.00
-10.10600*
1.93911
.000
-15.3285
-4.8835
3.00
1.00
19.97400*
1.93911
.000
14.7515
25.1965
2.00
8.07200*
1.93911
.001
2.8495
13.2945
4.00
-2.03400
1.93911
.722
-7.2565
3.1885
4.00
1.00
22.00800*
1.93911
.000
16.7855
27.2305
2.00
10.10600*
1.93911
.000
4.8835
15.3285
3.00
2.03400
1.93911
.722
-3.1885
7.2565
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
a. Group 1 to Group 2: Different / Not Different
The Significant value =0.000, so conclude that these groups are significantly different.
b. Group 1 to Group 3: Different / Not Different
The Significant value =0.000, so conclude that these groups are significantly different.
c. Group 1 to Group 4: Different / Not Different
The Significant value =0.000, so conclude that these groups are significantly different.
d. Group 2 to Group 3: Different / Not Different
The Significant value =0.001, This value is less than 0.05 so conclude that these groups are
significantly different at 5% level.
e. Group 2 to Group 4: Different / Not Different
The Significant value =0.000, so conclude that these groups are significantly different.
f. Group 3 to Group 4: Different / Not Different
The Significant value =0.722, A high p-value indicates to accepting the null hypothesis. so
conclude that these groups are not significantly different.
Multiple Comparisons
Response
Tukey HSD
(I) Design
(J) Design
Mean Difference (I-J)
Std. Error
Sig.
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
1.00
2.00
-11.90200*
1.93911
.000
-17.1245
-6.6795
3.00
-19.97400*
1.93911
.000
-25.1965
-14.7515
4.00
-22.00800*
1.93911
.000
-27.2305
-16.7855
2.00
1.00
11.90200*
1.93911
.000
6.6795
17.1245
3.00
-8.07200*
1.93911
.001
-13.2945
-2.8495
4.00
-10.10600*
1.93911
.000
-15.3285
-4.8835
3.00
1.00
19.97400*
1.93911
.000
14.7515
25.1965
2.00
8.07200*
1.93911
.001
2.8495
13.2945
4.00
-2.03400
1.93911
.722
-7.2565
3.1885
4.00
1.00
22.00800*
1.93911
.000
16.7855
27.2305
2.00
10.10600*
1.93911
.000
4.8835
15.3285
3.00
2..
Female copperhead snakes have the ability to reproduce both sexually.pdf
Female copperhead snakes have the ability to reproduce both sexually and asexually. In your
opinion, which method is best for the species in general and why? include the following in your
post:
Discuss asexual and sexual reproduction in terms of genetic diversity. How is meiosis related to
genetic diversity?
Use one of Gregor Mendel\'s ideas to support your opinion.
Solution
Female copperhead snakes have the ability to reproduce both sexually and asexually. While
asexual reproduction involves only one organisms, sexual reproduction requires both a male and
a female.
According to my opinion, the best reproduction method for this species is sexual reproduction.
The reason is that after several years the species would lose its ability to thrive in a given
environment. This ultimately would lead to an extinction of the species after many years, and
would leave this particular species open to other prey because of its ability to survive.
Sexual vs Asexual in terms of genetic diversity and meiosis relationship:
The process of sexual reproduction involves two parents, each contributing one gamete. Gametes
are produced by a process called meiosis, which starts by the duplication of chromosomes,
followed by two rounds of cell divisions and halving of the chromosome number. Gametes have
half the chromosome number of other adult cells of organism. A key feature of meiosis is the
excahnge of chromosome pieces which occurs in the first division of this process, called
recombination or crossing over. Recombination is a very improtant source of genetic variation
between individuals of sexually reproducting species, and the driving force for the process of
nature selection.
Gregor Mendel known as the father of Genetics came up with different ideas or theories relating
to genetics in offspring. His theory that best fits my opinion is the blending theory of inheritance.
The Blending theory of inheritance states, the original parental traits were lost or absorbed by the
blending in the offspring..
Explain some of the commonly held misconceptions about cloning. Why .pdf
Explain some of the commonly held misconceptions about cloning. Why do you think people
have these kinds of misconceptions?
Solution
There remains several misconceptions about cloning , as-
1.cloning can create carbon copy of the original,
2.it is against the nature, as it reduce biological diversity
3.people create clone for selfish reasons,
4.clones will have shorter life span.
5.human clones will be used as organ donors.
the cause of misconcept of people due to lack of knowledge about cloning, and may be we are
afraid of its consequences whih we think go against us, beside that there are also several ethical
issues..
Describe nN when the number of positive divisors of n is i) p2 for .pdf
Describe nN when the number of positive divisors of n is: i) p2 for p a prime; ii) 105.
Solution
There exist an infinite number of primes.
Proof. Suppose that there are a finite number of primes, say p1, p2, . . . , pn. Let N = p1p2 · · · pn
+ 1. By the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, N is divisible by some prime p. This prime p
must be among the pi , since by assumption these are all the primes, but N is seen not to be
divisible by any of the pi , contradiction..
Consider the table below How many featuresattributes are in this s.pdf
Consider the table below: How many features/attributes are in this sample? Classify each of
attributes as binary, discrete, or continuous. Also classify them as qualitative(nominal or ordinal)
or quantitative (interval or ratio).
Solution
a)
Here we have 7 attributes those are Item, Year, Model, Price, Mileage, Colour, Transmission
b)
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Chickens vary in color. Black and white color variation can be traced.pdf
Chickens vary in color. Black and white color variation can be traced to a single co-dominant
gene in which black chickens and white chickens are each homozygous for the black (BB) and
white (bb) allele, respectively, while speckled hens are heterozygous (Bb) Cause of Variation If
one of the alleles was ancestral, what is the most likely event that caused the other allele
encoding a color variant to arise in chickens? During which cellular process did this most event
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be present today (do not consider the hypothetical situation in Q2b) Hypothetically, say that
speckled hens lay twice as many eggs, and thus produce twice as many offspring as either white
or black hens. If this were the case, briefly explain one possible reason that black and white
chickens are still produced.
Solution
Codominance is observed when two different alleles of a specific single-gene trait are both
expressed simultaneously. It follows non-Mendelian inheritance patterns. Both the dominant
alleles coexist and work together to express both phenotypes in equal measures. This would lead
to the phenotype having characteristics of both alleles.
For example, feather colour in hens may be white, black or speckled (it has both white feathers
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There are three possible genotypes: WW, BB and BW.
There are also three possible phenotypes: WW = white, BB = black, and BW = speckled.
The event which may have caused the allele ecoding a color varient could be that, When genes
are far apart on the chromosome they can segregate independantly. This is due to crossing over.
this event occurs during meiotic division.Mutations are caused due to this and give rise to
variations.
In birds and mammals, unpigmented pigment cell precursors known as melanoblasts migrate
from the neural crest to the epidermis and into developing feather or hair follicles. Mature
pigment cells known as melanocytes synthesize melanin pigment, package it into melanosomes
and then transfer those melanosomes to keratinocytes for deposition into developing feathers and
hairs.Though mammals and birds have only one pigment cell type, the melanocyte, these cells
can produce either eumelanin (black/brown) or pheomelanin (yellow/red) and can switch rapidly
between the synthesis of these two pigment types
Increased production of eumelanin and a corresponding reduction in pheomelanin synthesis
generates a melanic phenotype, which may be dark brown or entirely black. This switch is
primarily controlled by the interaction of two genes: the melanocortin receptor 1 (Mc1r) and
agouti.
which are affected by mutations and polymorphisms.Melanism is the pattern,Mc1r is the gene
inchicken (Gallus gallus).
{c}Problem Run For Charity (charityrun.c)Charity Runs are a pop.pdf
{c}
Problem: Run For Charity (charityrun.c)
Charity Runs are a popular way for organizations to raise awareness and get fit at the same time.
However, these events can be tough to organize. The Princess Half Marathon Weekend, for
example, has as many as 40,000 runners raising money and awareness for the Children’s Miracle
Network Hospitals. People can run both 5ks and 10ks and there’s even a children’s race.
After nearly a semester of C programming, you\'ve decided that you\'d like to donate your skills
to create a program that organizes the typical activities for charity run weekend. In particular,
your program will help manage the following:
1) Individual Registration
2) Team Registration
3) Running Events
4) Donation Totals
Your program will log the number of teams and individual who are signed up for the different
races, process the racing events to see who has the fastest times, and track the total amount of
money raised by teams and individuals for charity.
Header Specification
To facilitate grading, include in your header comment which portions of the assignment you
have completed. You must complete all portions in order to earn full credit, but partial credit is
available for completing some of the steps. The primary steps are as follows:
(1) Processing Individual Registrations
(2) Processing Team Registrations
(3) Processing the running events
(4) Calculating total donations
If your comment is accurate, meaning that you pass the appropriate tests cases corresponding to
your choice, you\'ll earn 10 points. If your comment is roughly accurate, meaning that you
sincerely attempted the items you listed, and most of them work minus a tiny bug, then you\'ll
get 5 of these points. If your comment isn\'t accurate to a reasonable degree, you\'ll get 0 of these
points.
The reason this is here is because it\'s very important to communicate to others accurately what
you\'ve accomplished and what is left to accomplish. This sort of honesty and ability to appraise
your own work is a critical skill in a job.
Program Details
Individual RegistrationDetails
There are a two registration windows: early registration and regular registration. Prices for
registering early and regularly will be given. Each individual will have a unique number and
must be processed separately to record their name, age, running event, and donations raised. The
maximum number of runners for our program will be 10000.
Team RegistrationDetails
Teams may be created and registered to sign up several participators at once. Teams may only
sign up during early registration, have between 5 and 50 members, and must pay the team
registration fee for every member on the team. Teams should be recorded with their name and
number of members. Each member of the team still needs to be recorded with their name, age,
running event, and donations raised. We can organize at most 200 teams.
Running EventsDetails
There will be three running events: a 5k race, a 10k race, and a marathon race. For ea.
write a program that given a list of 20 integers, sorts them accordi.pdf
write a program that given a list of 20 integers, sorts them according to insert sort. java
Solution
public class InsertionSort {
/**
* method to sort the array elements using insertion sorts *
*
* @param array
* @return
*/
public static int[] insertionSort(int array[]) {
int n = array.length;
for (int j = 1; j < n; j++) {
int key = array[j];
int i = j - 1;
while ((i > -1) && (array[i] > key)) {
array[i + 1] = array[i];
i--;
}
array[i + 1] = key;
}
return array;
}
/**
* method to print the array elements
*
* @param input
*/
private static void printNumbers(int[] input) {
for (int i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
System.out.print(input[i] + \", \");
}
System.out.println(\"\ \");
}
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] input = { 3, 26, 67, 35, 9, -6, 43, 82, 10, 54, 14, 22, 21, 32,
121, 231, 12, 98, 77, 65 };
System.out.println(\"Before Sorting\");
printNumbers(input);
input = insertionSort(input);
System.out.println(\"Before Sorting\");
printNumbers(input);
}
}
OUTPUT:
Before Sorting
3, 26, 67, 35, 9, -6, 43, 82, 10, 54, 14, 22, 21, 32, 121, 231, 12, 98, 77, 65,
Before Sorting
-6, 3, 9, 10, 12, 14, 21, 22, 26, 32, 35, 43, 54, 65, 67, 77, 82, 98, 121, 231,.
Why is the 16S rRNA gene a preferred marker for the identification, .pdf
Why is the 16S rRNA gene a preferred marker for the identification, classification, and
evolutionary history of microbes? Detail your answer based on 5 main characteristics of this
gene. In other words, for each of the 5 characteristics listed, provide a reason for why that is
important to make this gene a preferred one for this type of study. Lastly, are “functional” genes,
such as antibiotic resistant genes not appropriate to study evolutionary history of microbes?
the 5 things may include, its availability, its length, and its conserved and variable regions, and it
being acquired by vertical transfer. im hoping for this to be explained in a little more detail
because i dont really get the veritcal transder part of the bp (length) part.
thanks
Solution
Several aspects of the 16S rRNA gene make it a preferred marker for the identification,
classification, and evolutionary history of microbes. Firstly, because it is widespread among
prokaryotes. Secondly, it\'s size (1,550 bp long) and the high degree of functional conservation.
It is large enough to provide statistically valid measurements. The clock-like mutation rates
throughout prokaryotic evolution are the result of it’s high degree of functional conservation.
The Third aspect of the16S rRNA gene is that it is composed of both variable and conserved
regions. The conserved regions can be used for designing amplification primers across taxa
whereas, the nine hypervariable regions (V1-V9) can be effectively used for the comparative
taxonomy. Lastly, it is the most common gene to be used for constructing phylogenetic
relationships in prokaryotes as it is acquired by vertical transfer. It is universal in bacteria so
relationships can be measured among all bacteria but recently it has been argued that 16s rRNA
genes can also be transferred by horizontal gene transfer. It is important to make this gene a
preferred one for this type of study because 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis allow better,
accurate, robust and reproducible bacterial identification than that obtained by phenotypic
testing. The phenotypic test results are less subjective. It can identify poorly described, rarely
isolated, aberrant strains, and can also recognize novel pathogens. “Functional” genes, such as
antibiotic resistant genes are considered inappropriate to study the evolutionary history of
microbes because it is generally acquired by horizontal or lateral gene transfer. Many bacteria
become resistant by acquiring genes via horizontal gene transfer. Such genes in the organism
may show different rates of evolution or even show different evolutionary history. Often
Evolutionists point out the development of antibiotic resistance by bacteria as a validation of
evolutionary change but molecular analysis of the genetic events that lead to antibiotic resistance
do not support this assumption..
Why do SSDs benefit from a scheduler like noopSolutionThe def.pdf
Why do SSDs benefit from a scheduler like noop?
Solution
The default I/O scheduler for Linux is Completely Fair Queueing, and is a virtuous all-round
scheduler. Mutual wisdom holds that CFQ is needless or sub-optimal on systems that disrupt the
normal assumptions, such as hardware RAID cards equipped by a write-cache, or SSDs. In these
cases, the noop scheduler is recommended. The noop scheduler does nothing overlooking the
chance to optimize our disk admissions.
All our VPS hypervisors take hardware RAID cards with a write-cache, consequently we set out
to see if there were any improvements to be had from changing to the noop scheduler. Seeing by
way of we’d required it to roll out any large-scale alterations, we utilized Puppet to help us
discover some appropriate test subjects. By loading a custom Feature fact into our manifests, we
could clutch all the PCI IDs for RAID cards and see what representations were installed in
dissimilar servers. every smart RAID cards had the similar PCI ID, which parallels to the PERC
H700 and H800 hardware..
which of the following types of orgnisms possess the enzyme catalase.pdf
which of the following types of orgnisms possess the enzyme catalase?
A) obligate aerobe
B) obligate anaerobe
C) facultative anaerobe
D) both A & B
Solution
answer is A.
obligate aerobes are able to use oxygen as terminal electron acceptor during respiration contain
catalase.
obligate anaerobes even though possess catalase, it is very rare and in less quantities. facultative
anaerobes which ferment and does not respire using oxygen are also catalase negative.
facultative anaerobes under aerobic conditions possess catalase for aerobic respiration.
Which of the five factors of production is most important for creati.pdf
Which of the five factors of production is most important for creating wealth?
Solution
The five factors of prodution are Land, Labor, Capital, Entrepreneurship and Knowledge
Entrepreneurship and knowledge is the most important factor for creating wealth as it helps in
combining all other factors of production to achieve desired results..
What is the good producing business What is the good producing.pdf
What is the good producing business?
What is the good producing business? 16) In a regulated monopoly,-- - prices are set by
government mandate no single firm can grow large enough to influence prices across the market
C) firms that excel in one or more aspects can gain some control over pricing D) individual firms
can have considerable control over pricing E) suppliers can charge as much as they want, at least
until people stop buying unemployment is the natural movement of workers into and out of jobs,
such as when a person quits one job without first lining up a new job. A) Structural Intrinsic
Frictional D) Cyclical E) Seasonal 18) The number of units of one currency that must be
exchanged for a unit of the second currency is known as the exchange rate between the
currencies. TRUE or FALSE 19) Which of the following is a main feature of protectionism? A)
high levels of risks for domestic industries B) increased risk for local workers C) compromise on
national security D) governmental intervention in trade E) formation of trade blocs between
nations 20) An embargo is a complete ban on the import or export of certain products or even all
trade between certain countries TRUE or FALSE 21) Taxes, surcharges, or duties levied against
imported goods are known as A) import sanctions B) embargoes C) tariffs D) import quotas E)
restrictive import standards
Solution
Goods producing business - DUNKIN DONUTS produces coffee and donuts.
There is something tangible that you can see, feel, touch, eat, or walk out of the store with it in
your possession.
it\'s probably that manufacturing deals with the product (designing, building, etc.).
What is the future of PKI Acceptance of PKI solutions—and product s.pdf
What is the future of PKI? Acceptance of PKI solutions—and product sales—has fallen short of
early estimates. What would the “killer app” for PKI sales look like?
Will biometrics involve encryption? How are biometric technologies dependent on the use of
cryptography?
Solution
Answer :
future of PKI :
1) The future of public key infrastructure is stronger and it remains the most practical cost
effective solutions and the ever growing security things.
2) The pki inter related network and electronic things.
3) The future of PKI is very bright, fruitful, trust management and using phones..
An easy temperament is best characterized asoptionshigh so.pdf
An \"easy\" temperament is best characterized as:
options:
high sociability and low adaptability.
high emotionality and high adaptability.
high contentment and high adaptability.
what is considered an \"easy\" temperament depends on the parents.
high activity and low emotionality.
Solution
Answer:
d) what is considered an \"easy\" temperament depends on the parents.
Temperament is an individual\'s characteristic level of emotional excitability or intensity,
heredity plays an important part in creating temperament..
A protein that was isolated by a team of university scien4sts is sus.pdf
A protein that was isolated by a team of university scien4sts is suspected to be expressed on a yet
to be iden4fied lymphocyte. With your group partners – outline a series of experiments that you
would design to iden4fy the cells expressing the protein.
Solution
Most of the genes expressed as proteins and proteins involved in cell function. Lymphocytes are
the part of leucocyte present in the lymphatic system.They are some experiments to identify the
cells expressing the protein.They are differential protein expression using 2-d gel electrophoresis
and by gene expression profiling, serial analysis of gene expression..
A laser beam strikes one end of a slab of material of length L = 42..pdf
A laser beam strikes one end of a slab of material of length L = 42.0 cm and thickness t=3.10
mm. Itenters the material at the center striking it at an angle of incidence of 50.0 degrees. The
index of refraction of the slab is n = 1.48. How many internal reflections the light makes from
the top and bottom of the slab before exiting at the other end.
Solution
As the beam enters the slab
n1*sin A1 = n2*sin A2
1*sin 50 = 1.48*sin A2
A2 = arcsin(sin 50/1.48) = 31.2 deg
the beam then stirkes at the top of slab at x1
x1 = 1.55*10^-3/tan 31.2 = 2.56*10^-3 m (from the left end)
After that the beam strike at slab each time it has traveled a distance of 2x1
Since the slab is 42 cm long, total distance to travel after first reflection = 42 cm - x1
(42 cm - x1)/2x1 = (42*10^-2 - 2.56*10^-3)/(2*2.56*10^-3) = 81.53 reflections
Since the number of reflection will be integer, So total number of reflections will be 82..
4. Communicate Carla gathered 328 sea-shells. Daniel gathered 176 .pdf
4. Communicate Carla gathered 328 sea-shells. Daniel gathered 176 sea-shells. How can i use
compatible numbers to estimate how many shells marjuntaron both?
4. Communicate Carla gathered 328 sea-shells. Daniel gathered 176 sea-shells. How can i use
compatible numbers to estimate how many shells marjuntaron both?
Solution.
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which of the following types of orgnisms possess the enzyme catalase.pdf
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