In Islam the concept of reward and punishment are subject to freedom. Without freedom, there would have been no punishment, for an evil done under compulsion is not punishable. 19The man is rewarded whenever he does something good, and is punished when he does something foul.The concept of reward and punishment means that in the long run good deeds produce good results and evil deeds lead to a world of evil. Man's intention is thus important for the long-term "reward" of a good world. Reinforcement means you are increasing a behavior, and punishment means you are decreasing a behavior. Reinforcement can be positive or negative, and punishment can also be positive or negative. All reinforcers (positive or negative) increase the likelihood of a behavioral response. Islamic law divides crime into three categories: (1) Hudud, which are acts prohibited by God and punished by defined mandatory penalties; (2) Quesas crimes, which have a specified punishment in the Qu'ran and Sunna, with the decision to inflict it resting with the victim's closest kin as the avenger of the physical ... At least four different types should be noted: (1) positive reinforcement; (2) avoidance learning, or negative reinforcement; (3) extinction; and (4) punishment. Each type plays a different role in both the manner in which and extent to which learning occurs.

1. Reward and Punishment
in Islamic psychology

2. Introduction
• Islamic psychology focuses on the idea of rewards and punishments as a mean of
maintaining faith and virtue in the believers.
• The Quran explains in dealing with heaven and hell, and with good and evil as the
elements which push forward a person to accept or reject something. This is the natural
way to which a human being is inclined-even in matters of kufr (non-belief) and Iman
(faith) which are related to the negative or positive ways that a person chooses
• Many of the rewards and punishments mentioned in the Quran are actually delayed, not
immediate.
• In the modern psychology, this is called ‘delayed gratification’ , and it entails delaying
small gratifications now in order to obtain larger rewards later.
• Rewards that Allah has promised in the hereafter, which the believers earn through their
correct beliefs and righteous actions in this life.
• The delayed punishments are those awaiting the disbelievers due to their disbelief and
immoral Behavior.

3. Operant conditioning, sometimes referred to as instrumental
conditioning, is a method of learning that employs rewards and
punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an
association is made between a behavior and a consequence (whether
negative or positive) for that behavior.
 Frequency of desirable behavior is increased by reinforcement.
• Positive reinforcement
• Negative reinforcement
Operant conditioning

4. Types of
reinforcement
Positive
reinforcement:
occurs when there is a
reward for a form of
behavior. This will
increase the frequency
at which the behavior
occurs. In the Skinner
box experiment, the
reward is in the form of
food when the rat
presses a lever.
Negative
reinforcement :
occurs when an aversive
stimulus is removed.
This will increase the
frequency at which the
behavior occurs. In the
Skinner box experiment,
there was a loud noise,
which was removed
when the rat pressed the
lever.

5. Reward in islam
 Reward in Islam refers to the blessings and benefits granted to believers who perform good deeds in
accordance with the teachings of Islam.
 Islam motivates positive behavior through reward by promising believers eternal bliss in the afterlife for
their righteous deeds on Earth.
Examples
Reward system in Islam include the promise of Paradise (Jannah) for the righteous, forgiveness of sins, and an
increase in rewards for performing good deeds during difficult times.
Punishment in islam
 Punishment in Islam is a legal and judicial process of imposing penalties for violating prescribed Islamic
laws.
 Islam deters negative behavior through the fear of punishment, creating a moral and ethical framework
that discourages actions that go against Islamic teachings.
Examples
Punishment system in Islam include cutting off the hand of a thief.
Reward and punishment

6. Types of punishment
Positive punishment
It refers to the addition
of an aversive stimulus
following a behavior in
order to decrease the
likelihood of that
behavior occurring
again in the future. For
example, a child who
misbehaves may be
given extra chores as a
consequence.
Negative punishment
It involves the removal
of a positive stimulus or
the application of a
negative stimulus to
decrease the likelihood
of a behavior occurring
again in the future. It
operates by taking away
something desirable or
pleasant. For example,
a teenager who breaks
curfew may have their
phone taken away as
punishment.

7. The intention behind an action affects the
reward or punishment as it determines the
sincerity and righteousness of the action.
Examples
How intention matters in the Islam is sincere
intention for prayer, charity, and fasting.
Importance of intention

8.  Islam emphasizes forgiveness and mercy through teachings
and stories, such as the forgiveness of Prophet Muhammad
towards his enemies and the story of the mercy of Prophet
Musa towards the man who tried to kill him.
 The reward and punishment system in Islam is based on
both intentions and actions, as one may receive punishment
for a bad intention even if the action itself was not carried
out. However, sincere good intentions may also lead to
greater rewards.
Forgiveness in
Islam

9. • The concept of reward and punishment in Islam
shapes behavior by encouraging believers to follow
the teachings of Allah and the prophet Muhammad
in order to receive blessings in the hereafter.
• Positive reinforcement is important in Islam, but
the fear of punishment can also be an effective tool
to encourage obedience and discourage
wrongdoing.
Shaping Behaviour with Reward
and Punishment

10. Benefits and Importance
 Benefits of following such a system include cultivating a strong sense of morality and
ethics, and creating a social framework that discourages negative behaviors that can
harm both individuals and society as a whole.
 Reward and punishment holds significant importance because it serves as a moral
compass for Muslims, guiding their actions and behavior towards righteousness.It also
offers hope for evil deed through regret and forgiveness, motivating individuals
towards positive change and improvement.