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1. Gender Training for
Government Officials
The XXVIII International Federation of Business and Professional Women Congress
- With Gender Policy in ROK -
24 May 2014
Jeju Island, Republic of Korea
2. 2014: KIGEPE, President
2013: Cheong Wa Dae, Presidential Spokesperson
2009 ~ 2012: Wikitree, Vice President
2003 ~ 2004: Chongju University, Adjunct Professor
2001 ~ 2002: The Information, CEO
1994 ~ 2001: Korea Joong-ang Daily, Journalist
1986 ~ 1994: The Korean Social Development,
Department Head
KIM HAING
3. Ⅰ. Gender Training of KIGEPE
1. Roles of KIGEPE
2. Training Courses of KIGEPE
3. Current Status of Participants
Ⅱ. Gender Training
1. What is Gender Training?
2. Why Gender Training?
Ⅲ. Gender Policy of ROK
1. Development of Gender Policy
2. Gender Policy of Park’s Administration
Ⅵ. Issues and Challenges
CONTENTS
4. Ⅰ. Gender Training in Korean Institute for
Gender Equality Promotion and Education
5. • Gender Equality Index
- education (inc vocational training), safety, family, decision making, health, welfare, working place, culture & information
Source: Gender Equality Index (Total 63.9%), MOGEF, 2012
F. 63.9%
6. • Gender Equality Index
- education (inc vocational training), safety, family, decision making, health, welfare, working place, culture & information
Source: Gender Equality Index (Total 63.9%), MOGEF, 2012
7. • Education & Research Institute under the Ministry of Gender
Equality Promotion and Education (a public institute)
• Founded in June 2003 on the ground of the Framework Act
Women’s Development (Article 21, Section 3)
• Implementation of gender training for government officers and
gender training of trainers for the general public
• Numbers of training participants : more than 500,000
Roles of KIGEPE
8. Gender Policy
• Gender Awareness Enhancement
Course
• Gender Equality
Training Courses
Target population of the courses :
government officials
■
Target population of the courses :
the general public with experiences
concerned areas
■
Training of Trainers
• Gender Policy Course
- Gender Impact Assessment
- Gender Responsive Budgeting
- Gender Statistics
• Prevention of Sexual Harassment
• Prevention of prostitution
• Prevention of Sexual Violence
• Prevention of Domestic Violence
• Gender Impact Assessment
• Gender Sensitive Human Rights
(for Teachers)
9. And other projects
Gender Equality Promotion Projects
• Women capacity building
- Expand pool of talented women
- Cultivating programs
• Violence prevention center
- Sexual violence
- Domestic violence
• International cooperation training
• Spreading awareness of gender equality :
- Public design contest
- Gender equality awards
• Networking : Forum BORN
• E-learning center
• Women’s history exhibition hall
10. Category
2011 2012 2013
M F M F M F
Gender
Policy
Gender
awareness
enhancement
courses
Above 5 level 324 86 361 85 218 62
Below 6 level 1,161 1,001 1,260 1,076 709 968
Miscellaneous Gos* &
General public 512 656 463 1,150 595 1,155
Gender policy
courses
Above 5 level 193 35 203 68 248 96
Below 6 level 1,065 1,083 932 1,193 884 1,193
Miscellaneous Gos &
General public 123 228 134 372 164 425
Trainers
of
Trainers
TOT Courses** 290 1,908 162 1,321 190 1,918
Course for sexual harassment
focal point staff 433 629 377 648 569 662
Total
4,101 5,626 3,892 5,913 3,577 6,479
9,727 9,805 10,056
* Policepersons, Firefighters, Superintendents, Army personnel, Diplomats, etc.
** Gender Equality, Prevention of Sexual Harassment, Prevention of prostitution, Prevention of Sexual Violence, Prevention of
Domestic violence, Gender Impact Assessment, Gender Sensitive Human Rights (for Teachers)
Current Status of Participants
12. Source: The Oxfam Gender Training Manual, 1994
Gender training works if
there is a strong elements
of awareness-raising
as well as skill-building
Therefore
What is Gender Training?
• A development intervention which aims to
change awareness, knowledge, skills and
behavior in relation to gender
• Contents
- Awareness (e.g. understanding
gender and awareness of stereotype)
- Knowledge (e.g. about various
forms of discrimination against women)
- Skills (e.g. in analyzing projects from a
gender perspective)
- Behaviors (e.g. changes in the way of
working with mixed groups)
13. • The current problems of a Korean society
- Low fertility rate 1.18% (2013) & Aging society 12.7% (2014)
» It will be projected that Korea will reach a aged society (14%) in 2018
• Solutions to the problems
- Low Increasing fertility rate, entering into $ 30,000 by getting
women into labor market, and restoring family values through
‘work and family balance’
- GNI $26,205 (2013)
» It has been for 7 years that the level of GNI is in $20,000
- Family disorganization : high rate of adolescent suicide, high rate of
divorce, increasing single parent household, & increasing elderly
people in poverty, etc.
Why Gender Training?
14. • How the problems be related to “gender”?
- Reduction (declining) of economically active population in the 15-64 age bracket
1,559.2
1,802.3 1,853.9
2,084.5 2,206.9
2,368.9 2,466.1 2,500.4 2,540.3 2,481.9
1985 1989 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013
56.6 59.6 60.0 61.9 61.0 61.8
60.7 60.9 61.1 59.3
14.2 18.2 20.0 25.2
34.3
47.3
68.4
77.972.8
83.3
Source : YONHAPNEWS ,Mar 11, 2013
Economic Participation Rate · Ageing Index · Economically Active Population
Economic Participation Rate(%)
Ageing Index(%)
Economically Active Population(10,000pax)
Why Gender Training?
15. • How the problems be related to “gender”?
- Women are the core body for the achievement of 70% employment rate which is
the one of the incumbent government’s pledges
74.4 74.3 75.0 74.7 75.0 74.6 74.1 74.0 73.5 73.1 73.0 73.1
48.8 49.3 49.8 49.0 49.9 50.1 50.3 50.2 50.0 49.2 49.4 49.7
73.3
49.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
(%)
Female Male
Source: Korean Statistics Agency, 2013
Why Gender Training?
17. Source: Statistics Korea
Graphic source: The Korean Herald, Feb 2, 2014
• How the problems be related to “gender”?
- Work and life (family) balance difficult to accomplish for Korean working moms
Female economic participation rates in different age groups in 2012
Participation rate on average : 49.9 (Unit:%)
9.1%
53.5
71.6
56.4 55.5
64.3
67.7
62.5
54.8
28.4
(Women
Aged
between)
15-19
20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 Over 60
Why Gender Training?
18. Graphic source: The Korean Herald, Feb 2, 2014
Women aged
between 30-39
1.11 million
(56.4%)
50-54
131,000
(6.6%)
40-49
511,000
(25.8%)
15-29
221,000
(11.2%)
Total : 1.97 million
Number Korean women
Who quit their careers
Reasons for quitting jobs
Child
education
79,000
(4%)
Pregnancy
childbirth
478,000
(24.2%)
Marriage
928,000
(46.8%)
Infant care
493,000
(24.9%)
Why Gender Training?
Source: Statistics Korea
19. • Government officials,
• Policymakers confront various impediments, such as rigid
labor structure and deep-rooted traditions, to the effective
utilization of women
• Therefore,
as policymakers , are those who
should take care of the aforementioned problems
gender training is needed for policy makers
both to enhance their gender awareness and to acquire
skills required to make a ‘gender policy’
Why Gender Training?
21. Three Major Paradigms
in Gender Policies of the ROK
1950s to
the mid-1980s
Welfare policies
designed for
alienated women
The mid-1980s
to the mid-1990s
Empowerment
of women
The mid-
1990s to present
Gender-
mainstreaming
22. • 1950s : Implementation of women welfare policies such as
relief programs for orphans and widows of the Korea War
(1950-1953)
• 1960s : Operation of a women’s occupation & protection
center for prostitutes and war widows (single mothers) ⇒
eradicating illiteracy
• 1970s : Operation of Samaeul women’s association for income
generating programs in rural areas
Women’s Policy and Scioeconomic
Development (1950~mid 1980)
23. • Expansion of the scope of gender policies: Gender policies
targeted women in general
• Efforts for improvement of women’s rights and achievement
of gender equality
- 6th and 7th Five-year Economic and Social Development
Plan (1987-1991, 1992-1996)
- Equal Employment Act (1987)
Integration of Women in National
Plans (mid 1980s~mid 1990s)
24. Adoption and Expansion of Gender
Mainstreaming Strategy (mid 1990~present)
• The Framework Act for Women’s Development (1995)
• The 1st Basic Gender Policy Plan (1998-2002)
• Establishment of the Ministry of Gender Equality (2001)
• The 2nd Basic Gender Policy Plan (2003-2007)
• Implementation of GIA (2005) & GRB (2010)
• The 3rd Basic Gender Policy Plan (2008-2012)
• The 4th Basic Gender Policy Plan (2013-2017)
• The Framework Act Gender Equality (in effective in 2015)
25. Systemization of National Organizations for
the Improvement of Women’s Status
Overall supervision of national gender policies
(Ministry of Gender Equality and Family)
Research on gender policies
(Korean Women’s development Institute)
Gender training for public officials
(Korea Institute for Gender Equality
Promotion and Education)
26. Gender Impact Assessment Gender Responsive Budgeting
Legal basis
Framework Act Women’s Development
(2002, amended)
Gender Impact (Analysis) Assessment Act
(2012, enacted)
National Finance Act (2006, enacted)
Local Finance Act (2012, enacted)
Year of implementation 2005
2009 (central government)
2012 (local government)
Supervising government
ministry
Ministry of Gender Equality & Family
Ministry of Strategy and Finance
Ministry of Security and Administration
(In connection with the Ministry of Gender
Equality & Family)
Target policy Budget and non budget-based projects Budget-based projects
Selection of tasks Voluntary selection; upstream Designated tasks; downstream
Applied organizations
Central administrative agencies, local
governments, city and provincial
education offices
Central administrative agencies, local
governments, city and provincial education
offices
Whether submitted to
the national assembly
Submitted Submitted
Source: Gender and Development, KOICA, 2010
Comparison between Gender Impact
Assessment and Gender Budgeting in the ROK
27. Gender Policy of Park Geun-hye’s
Administration
Human rights-based approach
Happiness
• Four evils in society to be eradicated
- Sexual violence - Domestic violence
- School violence - Bad food
• Of the 140 urgent government tasks, tasks related to “gender”
- Expansion of female economic activity and promotion of gender equality (65)
· Women’s Human Resource Development Course (commissioned by MOGEF)
· Prevention of Sexual Harassment Course
- Safe society without sexual violence (74)
· Prevention of Sexual Violence TOT Course
- Prevention of domestic violence and protection of victims (75)
· Prevention of Domestic Violence and Protection of Victims TOT Course
30. Issues and Challenges
Unification
Female Political participation
Female Economic participation
Backlash
Paradigm shift
Protection of women Gender equality
Issues
and
Challenges
An extremely important factor in socioeconomic development is building the capacity of women so that they can perform roles as an agent of development rather than a beneficiary. The Republic of Korea(ROK)’s gender policies that are aimed at promoting gender equality and empowering women went through three major paradigm shifts from the 1950s to present according to changes in their key objectives and approach.
Welfare policy
In the 1950s, women welfare policies such as relief programs were implemented.
In the 1960s, a focus was placed on operating women’s occupation and protection center aimed at getting prostitutes and war widows back to society.
In the 1970s, there were still protection programs for women who ran away from home and prostitution. In addition, Samaeul women’s associations were established in farming villages to focus on programs aimed at increasing the income of female farmers and improving their daily life.
During the period of the implementation of a welfare policy, the target population is deprived women who needed social protection, such as widows, prostitutes, women in poverty.
Welfare policy
In the 1950s, women welfare policies such as relief programs were implemented.
In the 1960s, a focus was placed on operating women’s occupation and protection center aimed at getting prostitutes and war widows back to society.
In the 1970s, there were still protection programs for women who ran away from home and prostitution. In addition, Samaeul women’s associations were established in farming villages to focus on programs aimed at increasing the income of female farmers and improving their daily life.
During the period of the implementation of a welfare policy, the target population is deprived women who needed social protection, such as widows, prostitutes, women in poverty.
Welfare policy
In the 1950s, women welfare policies such as relief programs were implemented.
In the 1960s, a focus was placed on operating women’s occupation and protection center aimed at getting prostitutes and war widows back to society.
In the 1970s, there were still protection programs for women who ran away from home and prostitution. In addition, Samaeul women’s associations were established in farming villages to focus on programs aimed at increasing the income of female farmers and improving their daily life.
During the period of the implementation of a welfare policy, the target population is deprived women who needed social protection, such as widows, prostitutes, women in poverty.
In the 2000s, many changes were made in the gender policy execution structure. The establishment of the Ministry of Gender Equality in 2001 meant the creation of a government agency that would practically handle work aimed at empowering women and promoting gender equality.
- In 2003, the Korean Institute for Gender Equality Promotion and Education (KIGEPE) was founded to provide gender equality and gender-sensitive trainings to public officials, thus striving to address gender-discriminatory mindsets and customs. The ROK has systemized national organizations aimed at improving women’s status. The organizations are the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, which executes gender policies, an organization that specializes in researching gender policies, and an organization that provides gender-sensitive training to public officials.
Comparison between GIA and GRB
- Gender responsive budgeting is based on the National Finance Act (enacted in 2006). It is being implemented with overall supervision by the Ministry of Strategy and Finance in connection with the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family.
- Gender responsive budgeting refers to changing the budget distribution structure and regulations so that national finances are used in an efficient and gender equal way by considering the effects that a budget has on women and men in the process of drawing up, deliberating, executing, and settling a budget. Gender responsive budgeting is not a specific category of budgeting but is a process of distributing resources based on gender equality (Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, Korean Women’s Development Institute 2010, 6).
