This document defines various metallurgical and steelmaking terms. It describes terms related to steel alloys like alloying elements, alloy steel, and plain carbon steel. It also defines terms for steel production processes such as casting, heat treatment, annealing, quenching, and cold working. Additionally, it covers steel properties and tests like hardness, tensile strength, ductility, and microstructure. The document serves as a reference for many technical terms used in steelmaking and metallurgy.
3. ALLOY
A substance that has metallic properties and is
comprised of two or more chemical elements of which at
least one is a metal.
4. ALLOY STEEL
Steel containing one or more alloying element. Steel is
classified as alloy when the maximum content of alloying
elements exceeds one or more of the following:
manganese 1.65%, silicon 0.60%, copper 0.60%.
5. ALLOYING
ELEMENTS
Chemical elements added for improving the properties of
the finished products. Some alloying elements are:
nickel, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, and
silicon.
6. ANNEALING
A process involving heating and cooling, usually applied
to induce softening of steel. The term also refers to
treatments intended to alter mechanical or physical
properties, produce a definite microstructure or remove
gasses.
7. ARGON SHROUD
A procedure using argon gas to shield molten steel from
oxygen as it is teemed from the ladle.
8. ARGON STIRRING
An inert gas introduced through a nozzle to stir molten
steel to promote chemical and temperature
homogenization and float out inclusions.
10. BILLET
A semi-finished piece of steel that results from rolling
an ingot or a bloom. It may be square but is never
more than twice as wide as thick. Its cross-sectional
area is usually not more than 36 square inches.
11. BLOOM
A semi finished piece of steel resulting from the rolling
or forging of an ingot. A bloom is square or not more
than twice as wide as thick and usually not less than
36 square inches in cross-sectional area.
12. BLOOM SHEAR
A shear used to cut a rolled ingot into shorter bloom
lengths or to cut off the ends of a bloom.
15. BRINNEL
HARDNESS
A hardness test commonly used for soft steel and metals
which measures diameter of an indentation made by a
steel ball under a given load.
16. CARBIDE
A compound of iron (or other element) and carbon in
steel, forming a very hard, nonmetallic substance
(Fe3C). Fe3C is also called cementite.
21. COLD WORKING
Rolling or drawing semi-finished steel products to
provide higher physical properties or better surfaces
than can be produced by hot-working.
22. CONTINUOUS
CASTER
A machine used to continuously produce blooms from
molten steel with no interruptions or intermediate
operations.
23. CREEP
Failure of a metal caused by gradual elongation due to
constant stress.
37. HEAT TREATMENT
A combination of heating and cooling operations applied to a
metal or alloy to obtain desired microstructure conditions or
properties.
39. IRON
A pure metal that serves as the basis for steel, cast iron
and stainless steel. Iron is relatively weak and soft when
in its pure form.
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40. KILLED STEEL
Steel that is deoxidized with a strong deoxidizing agent, such as
silicon or aluminum. Reducing the oxygen content minimizes
chemical reaction between carbon and oxygen during
solidification.
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41. LADLE
A vessel for receiving and handling liquid steel. It is
constructed of a refractory-lined steel shell.
43. MARTENSITE
Room temperature structure of steel formed as a result of a
rapid quench from the austenitic condition. Hard, strong, and
brittle structure.
44. MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
Those properties of a material that reveal the elastic
and inelastic reaction when force is applied or that
improve the relationship between stress and strain.
46. MODULUS OF
ELASTICITY
A measurement of the stress-per-unit strain, an
indication of the resistance of the steel to deformation
within its elastic limit.