The treatment of infectious diseases involves two steps: 1) reducing disease symptoms like fever and pain through rest and medication, and 2) killing microbes through antibiotics and drugs. There are also general and specific ways to prevent infectious diseases. General prevention includes public hygiene, sufficient nutrition, and living conditions that avoid overcrowding to reduce air, water, and vector-borne infections. Specific prevention is through immunization via vaccines that mimic infectious microbes to strengthen the immune system and provide lasting protection against diseases like tetanus, diphtheria, and measles.

3. The treatment of infectious
diseases consists of two steps.
They are to reduce the effects of
the disease (symptoms) and to kill
the microbes which caused the
disease.

4.  i) To reduce the effects of the disease :-
 This can be done by taking medicines to
 bring down the effects of the disease like
 fever, pain or loose motions etc. and by
taking
 bed rest to conserve our energy.
 ii) To kill the microbes :-
 This can be done by taking suitable
antibiotics and drugs which kills the
microbes and the disease is cured

6.  There are two ways of prevention of infectious diseases. They are
general ways and specific ways.
 i) General ways of prevention :-
 Public hygiene is most important for prevention of infectious
diseases. Proper and sufficient food for every one will make people
healthy to resist infection.
 Air borne diseases can be prevented by living in conditions that are
not crowded. Water borne diseases can be prevented by providing safe
drinking water. Vector borne diseases can be prevented by providing
clean environment.
 ii) Specific ways of prevention :-
 The specific ways to prevent infectious disease is immunisation by
taking vaccines. Vaccines provide immunity from infectious diseases
like tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, polio etc.
 Our body has an immune system which fights microbial infection.
When this system first sees an infectious microbe, it kills the microbe
and remembers it. So if the microbe enters the body the next time, it
responds more vigorously. Vaccines mimic the infectious microbe and
strengthens our immune system and protects the body from infectious
diseases.

8. Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by which an individual's immune system
becomes fortified against an agent (known as the immunogen).
When this system is exposed to molecules that are foreign to the body, called non-self, it
will orchestrate an immune response, and it will also develop the ability to quickly
respond to a subsequent encounter because of immunological memory. This is a
function of the adaptive immune system. Therefore, by exposing an animal to an
immunogen in a controlled way, its body can learn to protect itself: this is called active
immunization.
The most important elements of the immune system that are improved by
immunization are the T cells, B cells, and the antibodies B cells produce. Memory B cell
and memory T cells are responsible for a swift response to a second encounter with a
foreign molecule. Passive immunization is when these elements are introduced directly
into the body, instead of when the body itself has to make these elements.
Immunization is done through various techniques, most commonly vaccination.
Vaccines against microorganisms that cause diseases can prepare the body's immune
system, thus helping to fight or prevent an infection. The fact that mutations can cause
cancer cells to produce proteins or other molecules that are unknown to the body forms
the theoretical basis for therapeutic cancer vaccines. Other molecules can be used for
immunization as well, for example in experimental vaccines against nicotine (NicVAX)
or the hormone ghrelin in experiments to create an obesity vaccine.

11. ASIF,
NANDU ANEESH,
SHYLESH ,SARBAS ,SHEHSAD
THANWEER ,JASEEM, ZIYAN