The Rights Of The Citizens Of A Country

The Rights Of The Citizens Of A Country
A bill of rights is essentially a list of the most important rights to the citizens of a country. It is also known as a declaration of rights, or in some
countries it is a charter of rights. The main purpose is that it cannot be modified or repealed by a country's legislature through normal precedent, thus
it protects the rights of man against transgression from public officials and private citizens. All countries with legal and political systems have some
sort of legal protection system that protects the values and freedoms that they think are important. While it is there to list and protect the rights of
man, it is also in play to limit the power of the government, and to declare things Congress shall never do. These limitations serve to protect
freedoms of religion and speech, a free press, free assembly, and free association, and the right to keep and bear arms. The U.S Bill of Rights is a
document that officially became part of the constitution in 1791, consisting of the Constitution's first ten amendments. It is the embodiment of the one
true revolutionary idea in all history, and played a major role in laying the framework for rights as citizens of America. It was written by James
Madison in response to the need of greater constitutional protection of individual liberties. According to constitutionfacts.com, Madison was influenced
by "George Mason 's 1776 Virginia Declaration of Rights, the 1689 English Bill of Rights, works of the Age of Enlightenment pertaining to
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Pros And Cons Of The First Amendment
1. Introduction The adoption of the Constitution depended on ratification, or approval, by 9 of the 13 states. In desperation, the Constitution's
supporters, the Federalists, looked to John Hancock, the governor of Massachusetts. In a dramatic speech, he urged the delegates to approve the
Constitution as written. At the same time, he promised that the first task of the new Congress would be to amend the Constitution by adding a bill of
rights. 2. Creating the Bill of Rights In the first presidential election, held in 1789, George Washington became the nation's first president. John Adams
of Massachusetts became vice president. Debate and Approval in Congress While Congress debated other issues, Madison sifted through nearly 100
proposed amendments. He chose those that seemed least controversial, or least likely to cause conflict, and presented them to Congress on June 8,
1789. Ratification by the States Under the Constitution, three–quarters of the states must ratify an amendment before it can become law. By 1791, the
required number of states (nine) had approved the other ten amendments. Together, these ten amendments form the Bill of Rights. 3. First Amendment
Rights James Madison combined five basic freedoms into the First Amendment. These are the freedoms of religion, speech, the press, and assembly and
the right to petition the government. When a person believes that the government has violated these rights, he or she may challenge the government's
action in

Twenty Seventh Amendment Pros And Cons
It has been two hundred and twenty years since the Constitution was written. In that short amount of time, we have fought several wars and made new
discoveries that brought us one step closer to the future. During all of this, society's political views have slowly shifted over the past two hundred
years. From women's suffrage to civil rights, to same gender marriage, we have adopted beliefs that would have been considered unthinkable during the
era that the Founding Fathers lived in. Each of these political accomplishments would not have been possible without the process of Amendments that
was put in place by the Founding Fathers. However, each of these accomplishments took several years, and even decades, to accomplish because we
continue... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By interpreting the Constitution as a living document, we are helping the citizens of the United States of America get the freedom they deserve at a
faster pace. According to a statistical study conducted by Daniel Ma, a mathematical writer based in the U. S., the Twenty Seventh Amendment to the
United States Constitution took two thousand, four hundred thirty–two months, over two hundred years, to be put in place. The data table showed that
the Twenty Seventh Amendment was originally proposed on September 25, 1789, and was finally put in place on May 7, 1992. The Twenty Seventh
Amendment focuses on the salary of Congress and putting limitations on their pay raises. If something as simple as the salary of Congress takes two
hundred years to figure out, how long will it take to sort out the more pressing issues of the future? Will innocent citizens also have to wait for two
hundred years to have their decisions, deemed "Constitutional"? If our country changes its old school ways and considers the Constitution to be a
"living document," then we are then enabled to solve political controversies faster and help the American people get the freedom they deserve, while
keeping it

United States Vs South Korea Essay
A democratic country is the country governed directly or indirectly by people who have their sovereignty, so it has the laws to protect citizens' rights.
Most countries in the world adopt democracy, and so do United States and South Korea. However, it doesn't mean that not both countries' laws are
same. There are some similar and different points between United States and South Korea in their laws to protect individual rights. There are five
similar points in their laws. First of all, the First Amendment and the Article 21 of Korean Constitution are about freedom of speech, press, religion, and
so on. Secondly, the Fourth Amendment and the Article 12 and 13 of Korean Constitution are about protection from unreasonable search and arrest.
Thirdly, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Firstly, the Second Amendment is about right for having arms and army. However, there is no Article in Korean Constitution about it and it is illegal.
Secondly, the Third Amendment is about protection from quartering of army, but this also doesn't exist in Korean Constitution. Thirdly, the Seventh
Amendment is about civil trial by jury, and laws related to this point don't exist in Korea. However, there is a noticeable point in Korea, which is
called Civil Participation in Criminal Trials. It has been enforced since 2008 and is same with United States in terms of having jury, but there are two
crucial differences. In Korea, jury can only participate in criminal cases and their verdicts have no legal binding forces, just advisory effects. Fourthly,
the Ninth Amendment is about protection of rights not specified in the Bill of Rights, and Korea does not have laws involving this aspect naturally
because the Korean Government does not adopt the Bill of Rights. Lastly, the Tenth Amendment is about powers of states and people, but this point
is vague. The concept of powers of people can applied to both United States and Korea, but the concept of powers of state can't because the Korean
Government does not have federal system. Therefore, in this essay, it is categorized as difference, but some people can regard it as same

The Importance Of The Sixth Amendment
The First Amendment of the United States Constitution, an alteration that covers three rights, one of which is the privilege to flexibility of expression.
Under this, there dwells the flexibility of press. It guarantees that individuals are allowed to impart through the method for media and dispersal without
legislative restrictions. Nonetheless, if the administration yearnings to meddle in one's demeanor, the legislature can do as such, yet just with
legitimate avocation. In such cases, a court case is essential. The Sixth Amendment gives the denounced the privilege to a quick and open trial by the
fair jury. The denounced has the privilege to be educated of the nature and reason of allegation furthermore be gone up against with the... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Seventh Amendment of the United States Constitution, a section of the Bill of Rights, gives the privilege to a jury trial in certain common cases,
and authorizes that cases may not be considered by another court. The rights individuals are ensured are that their trial will be similarly as reasonable
as anyone else and that they will be allowed to demonstrate their honesty without a predisposition, whether reasonable or unreasonable.
Statement of Purpose
The subject of healthcare issues that are facing our nation today are growing heavily in the realm of government. Amendments I, VI, and VII gives the
structure to how this nation was established and how it operates. Each perspective, at each level of

The Eleventh Amendment : The Outliers Of The Special...
Lydia Morningstar Mr. McKown Government 05 December 2017 11, 21, and 27 The Special Amendments The eleventh, twenty first, and twenty
seventh amendments are the outliers of their little group of amendments. They are the special cases that have come about out of desperation and
determination. There are two main questions about these three amendments that we need to ask. What caused these amendments to be created in the
first place? What lasting effects do these amendments have? These two questions and the actual wording of the amendments should be a good way
to understand them a little more. The Eleventh amendment came about from the Supreme Court case Chisholm v. Georgia. This case came from
Alexander Chisholm who sued Georgia for a debt that was never payed to Captain Robert Farquhar. Farquhar was a merchant in South Carolina and
also sold supplies to the state of Georgia on credit. After the civil war ended Georgia decided to break its credit by not paying Farquhar because of
the accusation that he was a British loyalist. Chisholm was able to sue Georgia because Farquhar left Chisholm as the executor of his estate when he
passed away. The Supreme Court made a decision in Chisholm's favor. This upset Georgia so much that it passed a law stating that anyone who
believed in the verdict would be able to hang. The Eleventh Amendment was made to reverse the original decision of the Supreme Court.(An overview
of the 11th amendment, 2017) The amendment itself states "The

Comparison Between the Articles of Confederation and the...
Towards the end of the Revolutionary War, the people felt they needed a document to secure their independence from Britain. This document was the
Articles of Confederation. Shortly after that, a new document was formed to what we know as the Constitution of the United States. These documents
were similar but more different at the same time with each other, and each granted specific powers to the national government. By throwing off the
British monarchy it left the states without a central government. The states needed a new government and fast, which paved way for the first
constitution, the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation was started on November 15th 1777, and was in force on March 1, 1781. It
was written to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The states were able to tax the goods produced in other states, to protect their local states. The second was domestic order, where there was no
guarantee that the states wouldn't fight among each other. The third was foreign affairs, where they were concerned that they would not be able to
protect themselves from foreign enemies. By 1787, the states have realized that the articles were too weak to provide an effective union of the states,
and they needed a strong central government and a stronger constitution. Although the articles failed to provide an effective constitution, it was a great
start to what we know now as the Constitution of the United States. "We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union,
establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to
ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America." These are the first 52 words of the constitution
looked at to be the most important part of the constitution; it lists six objectives and purposes of government. Everything in this Constitution is
supposed to serve theses six purposes. The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States were designed to work together. The
Declaration of Independence serves as the charter, purpose document, the core principles and why it was founded. The

Amendments To The Constitution Pros And Cons
George Washington was the first president of the united states, a war hero and also one of the founding fathers. George Washington's "The basis of
our political system is the right of the people to make and to alter their constitutions of government.", this quote says that the people have a right to
amend the constitution and can also change the entire constitution and it is legal to do so. The constitution has been frequently changing, some laws
were added and some were removed. Amendments can be added to the constitution; States also have a right to propose amendments to the US
constitution. Amendments can be added or removed for the good of society. Good examples would be, the 13 amendment which was added in 1865
banning all slavery, people did not like the Articles of Confederation hence it was removed and a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These constitutions will follow the laws of the US Constitution. Texas has had six constitutions before the final one had been written. The first
constitution, Coahuila y Tejas was written in 1827 when Texas was a part of Mexico. In 1836 Texas declared independence from Mexico and made its
own Constitution, this Constitution was known as the Republic of Texas. The third constitution was the Constitution of 1845 ,this constitution was
made when Texas had joined the Union (United States) deciding not to be independent. The forth was the Constitution of 1861, this constitution was
made during the start of the Civil War. Constitution of 1866 was the fifth constitution which was written after the civil war, this was during the period
when the 13th amendment was introduced into the US Constitution, therefore a law was made to abolish slavery in the Texas Constitution also. This
shows that even State Constitutions do have more power than the US Constitution. Sixth was Const. of Reconstruction (1869), the seventh constitution
is Constitution of 1876 which is currently used in

Effects Of Gender On Hiring Practices
T'Asia Bell
Mr. Elliott
11/24/14
Period: 3
Invisible Ceiling: The Effects of Gender on Hiring Practices in Business
While gender inequality in business has improved over the years, there are still many encounters in the workplace in which women are discriminated
against based solely on the fact that they are female. If you go back a few decades, when the iconic figure Rosie the Riveter was famous for it's
legendary propaganda campaign. Rosie delivered a message around the nation that targeted women employed to take traditional male–dominated roles
such as miners, railroad worker, lumber and steel mill workers, and other male dominated industries. The message was that women should be
empowered in the work force. The message also encourages ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This law is covered for example salary, overtime pay, life insurance, and vacations and there are other important forms of pay. The National Women's
Society.
Another important event that was later passed was the Equal Rights amendment on March 22, 1972. This amendment was first proposed to the
national women's society in 1923. This amendment was ratified but failed, to be the 27th amendment on the constitution. It would read as "Equality
of the rights of law under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state of account of sex. Alice Paul wrote this
amendment, which was passed because they had a deadline that was not suppose to be permitted for a seven years period. It took the a long time for
the legislature to ratify or pass this law because they needed three out four states in order for it to meet the required steps to be an amendment. ("Equal
Rights Amendment." West 's Encyclopedia of American Law. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 14 Dec. 2014 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>)
When you look around you see that gender plays an important aspect in society and what roles or job types people play in. Many women are coming
into the work place, you notice that most high management position in almost all countries are held my men instead of women. I feel that women,
when it comes to hiring practices in business, are not as highly favored as men when comes to being on top. Everyone wants to be successful, but the

Abortion Case Study
In today's decision, this case was brought because Governor Mike Pence of Indiana signed House Bill 1337 making it illegal for women to seek an
abortion on a discriminatory basis on the grounds of gender, race, or disability. Specifically, the law: Prohibited a person from performing an abortion
if the person knows that the pregnant woman is seeking the abortion solely because of: (1) the race, color, national origin, ancestry, or sex of the fetus;
or (2) a diagnosis or potential diagnosis of the fetus having Down syndrome or any other disability. The day after Governor Pence signed the law,
Planned Parenthood challenged the law in a Federal District Court claiming it was unconstitutional. The District Court agreed and issued an immediate
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Connecticut (1965). in the court ruled the state law as unconstitutional. "The Court acknowledged that the Constitution does not mention a right to
marital privacy, but it reasoned that specific guarantees in the Bill of Rights – such as the right to free speech, the prohibition against quartering
soldiers, the right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures, and the right against self–incrimination – together form "penumbras" or "zones of
privacy." The Court concluded that marital privacy is in these "penumbras" and includes the right of married people to obtain contraceptives." Also in
the realm of privacy and contraceptives, Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972) deals with the same outcome. Which was the "Court ruling that law limiting
contraceptives to married people is discriminatory and violates "right to privacy" of unmarried people. The Court said the right to privacy belongs not
to the married couple but to the individual person, and prevents government interference with "matters so fundamentally affecting a person as the
decision whether to bear or beget a

The Civil Rights Of The United States
Jury duty is a constitutional and fundamental right guaranteed to American citizens. Jury service is a way for citizens to directly participate in the
judicial system. Jury duty and jury trials have been around for so long that people take it for granted. The jury was one of the factors that caused the
American Revolution because the English common law system did not allow alleged criminals to have the sixth amendment rights that the United States
has today. In fact, The Declaration of Independence charged that King George III deprived the colonists of a trial by jury (United States Federal Judicial
Center, n.d). The Founding Fathers of the United States established the role of the jury and the right to trial by jury in most criminal and civil cases in
the Constitution but that clearly cannot be fulfilled unless there are people serving on a jury.
The Constitution holds the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Amendment, which are the amendments that involve the right to trial by jury. First, the Fifth
Amendment provides for grand juries in criminal cases that hear the evidence from the prosecutor and decide whether to issue an indictment. Second,
the Sixth Amendment declares, "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the
state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed (U.S. Const. amend. VI)." Third, the Seventh Amendment states that a jury can be
requested in civil cases if the matter of the

Importance Of The 7th Amendment
The average American appreciates the Seventh Amendment (Amendment VII), though the text itself reflects much of the times in which it was drafted.
They understand that it codifies the right to a jury trial in certain civil cases, and hinders courts from overturning a jury's findings of fact. The reason
most people comprehend this amendment is because, The Seventh Amendment is generally considered one of the more straightforward amendments of
the Bill of Rights. In this essay, I will share my opinion on the importance and efficacy of the 7th Amendment. I will also expound on other elements of
this Amendment and finally, I will discuss how this amendment affects my life. An early version of the Seventh Amendment was introduced in
Congress in 1789 by James Madison, along with the other amendments, in response to Anti–Federalist objections to the new Constitution. Our founders
believed a trial by a jury was important. This idea came about based on their life experience with the King of England. A major grievance annotated in
the Declaration of Independence was that the King would not permit trial by jury in the colonies. This was due to the colonists often rejecting English
law. This rejection is also known as jury nullification; where the jury finds the law to be improper and decides not to punish the person in court. The
significance of the 7th Amendment, under the Bill of Rights in the United States Constitution, is that it gives an individual the right to a jury

How Did James Madison Wrote The Prostitution?
James Madison wrote the costitution because he believed that men in society tended to form factions, defined as groups that promoted their own
interest at the expense of the rest. Factions posed a special problem for democratic THE BILL of RIGHTS James Madison wrote the costitution
because he believed that men in society tended to form factions, defined as groups that promoted their own interest at the expense of the rest. Factions
posed a special problem for democratic societies because a faction composed of the majority of the people could easily oppress the minority. Madison
favored the separation of powers within the central government ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Today, any disputes that involve amounts less than $75000 will not be handled in a federal court.The eighth admindment " excessive bail shall not be
required Nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel unusuall punishments inflicted."This amendment prohibits excessive fines and bail, as well as cruel and
unusual punishments. The phrase "cruel and unusual punishments" first appeared in the Bill of Rights. In colonial America, the British often
employed branding, whipping, public humiliation and extremely long prison sentences for minor offenses. The Founders believed that justice requires
that even those people found guilty of crimes be protected from this kind of treatment. The ninth admindment was James Maddison's attempt to ensure
that the bill of rights is not seen as granting to the people of the United States only specific rights of address. In recent years, some have interpreted it as
as afreming the existence of such" unenumerated" rights outside those expressly protected by the bill of rights. The ninth admindment is " the
enumeration in the constitution, of certin rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retaind by the people

Amendments Essay 8
Amendments
Main article: List of amendments to the United States Constitution
The Constitution has a total of 27 amendments. The first ten, collectively known as the Bill of Rights, were ratified simultaneously. The following
seventeen were ratified separately.
[edit]
The Bill of Rights (1В–10) United States Bill of Rights currently housed in the National Archives
Main article: United States Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the Constitution. Those amendments were adopted between 1789 and 1791, and all relate to
limiting the power of the federal government. They were added in response to criticisms of the Constitution by the state ratification conventions and by
prominent individuals such as Thomas ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The only existing case law regarding this amendment is a lower court decision in the case of Engblom v. Carey. [4]
"No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by
law."
[edit]
Fourth Amendment
Main article: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Fourth Amendment guards against searches, arrests, and seizures of property without a specific warrant or a "probable cause" to believe a crime
has been committed. A general right to privacy has been inferred from this amendment and others by the Supreme Court (See Griswold v. Connecticut),
including a right to abortion (Roe v. Wade).
"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and
no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the
persons or things to be seized."
[edit]
Fifth Amendment

Main article: Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The fifth forbids trial for a major crime except after indictment by a grand jury; prohibits repeated trials for the same offense after an acquittal (except
in certain very limited circumstances); forbids punishment without due process of law; and provides that an accused person may not be compelled to

The First Amendment : Basic Liberties Of People
The First Amendment: Basic Liberties of People Freedom of Religion: This means that the government cannot force people to accept one set of
religious beliefs nor can it interfere with the way they worship in private or public. People can believe what they want with no fear of repercussions
from the government. Freedom of Speech: This basic liberty entitles all Americans to say what they think, but not to the point of saying false claims
about others. They can say their opinion out loud to convince others to back their side. Having a verbal disagreement with someone is also covered
under this amendment. Freedom of Press: This freedom helps Americans to keep informed about what is going on inside the government. Reporters
and editors can write formal text criticizing the government without the risk of punishment. This is true statement as long as they do not intentionally
tell lies or make false accusations to hurt a person's reputation. People need to interpret the facts for themselves and decide if the information
presented is indeed facts. Freedom of Assembly: This freedom allows Americans to join clubs or political parties, even if those groups may represent
unpopular views outside society's norms. People tend to gather with others who have similar views to express as they do. People can gather to protest
non–ethical business practices in a peaceful manner. Freedom of Petition: This freedom allows people to present a signed document telling the
government what they

What Was The Importance Of The 13th Amendment
The constitution of the United States is composed of 7 articles and 27 amendments. These articles and amendments each have an important role in
maintaining the government's power balanced and limited.
Article one, section one, clause one , explains how congress is given the power to make laws. This section is also known as the "vesting clause" no
other branch is allowed to have this same power. Section two clause one, explains the ways of the house of representatives. The citizens of each state
get to vote or choose the members of the house of Representatives.Section four clause two, explains that where, when and how elections are to be held,
is specifically determined by each state. Section 7 clause one, explicates the way congress makes acts through bills, which are brought up either in the
senate or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In other words, you cannot sue a state without that state knowing that your taking actions against them. A citizen cannot sue its own state, but it can
sue a foreign state. The twelfth amendment in the constitution is basically stating the procedure by which the president is elected by the electoral
college. The bigger the state is, the more representatives it will have. Depending on which candidate had the highest popular vote, is how the electors
give out their votes for the Presidential candidate. The thirteenth amendment of the constitution is a very important one throughout the history of the
United States. This amendment was added by president Abraham Lincoln abolishing slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States. Although
this law was passed, not many slaves were freed and their servitude continued for many more years due to such things as the Black Codes which
unfortunately forced African Americans to go on living like they were used to. Thanks to this amendment, a person does not have to do forced labor
in order to pay off a

The United States Of America Fought For Independence
The United States of America fought for independence in 1775 until 1783. After the war, the newly independent Americans needed a new
government. The Continental Congress, after years of debate and drafting, decided to adopt the Articles of Confederation in 1781. The first draft
was proposed in 1775, but never acted upon. Many drafts were proposed, six, to be exact, and in 1777 it was given to the states for approval.
Maryland was the last to ratify it, given to concerns of lands to the west. After this was settled, they approved and the Articles of Confederation went
into effect on March 1, 1781 ("Articles of Confederation."). However, none of these six drafts compared to the document of the U.S. Constitution in
1787. This document changes the union from a loose group of friendly states allowed to attend to almost all affairs, to states united under a federal
government. Not all of the founding fathers thought that this document was good, though. The debates were between two parties, the federalists and
the anti–federalists. The anti federalists thought that the constitution gave the federal government too much power. Despite these fears, the constitution
was ratified. To this day government officials argue about legitimacy of laws and whether the federal government or the states have the right to pass the
laws in question. All throughout the time that the United States has operated under the constitution, it has been a fight between views of centralism and

The United States Constitution: The First Ten Amendments
The United States Constitution outlines our style of government and defines rights that are protected from intrusion of government. The first ten
amendments to the Constitution are known as The Bill of Rights. Written by James Madison and introduced to Congress September 25, 1789. They
are located in the National Archives. They were later ratified December 15, 1791. The Bill of Rights list specific limits on government power. They
are for the states and for the people. The first amendment prohibits government from making laws regarding religion and also exercises the rights of
free speech and free press. The second amendment is our right to keep and bear arms. The third amendment restricts the quartering of soldiers.

The Fifth Amendment From The 5th Amendment
5th Amendment The 5th Amendment in the Bill of Rights guarantees protection from self–incrimination. If there were no Fifth Amendment, there
would be self–incriminating clause issues, such as: every time you are charged with a crime, you would be interrogated with no right remain silent;
whenever law enforcement desires to subpoena your personal records, you would have no right to assert a claim against self–incrimination; a refusal to
testify on the grounds of self–incrimination could be punished as a crime; confessions obtained through custodial interrogation would, in many
circumstances, become admissible [there would be little, if any, deterrent to harsh interrogation techniques]; prosecutors could ask juries to draw an
inference of guilt from a defendant's failure to testify. A case that comes from the 5th amendment is Miranda vs. Arizona , which took place in
1966 [the case from which the Miranda Rights were composed]. This case involved an $8.00 theft and a twenty year prison sentence. Ernesto
Miranda was arrested for theft and interrogated by police for two hours when he confessed that he had kidnapped and raped a woman a few days
earlier. Miranda was not aware that he was allowed to have an attorney present during questioning nor that he had the right to remain silent. He was
convicted based off of his confession; therefore, he was sentenced to twenty years in prison. Because he was not aware of this right, his lawyers
appealed through the courts. The Supreme Court

Difference Between Rigid And Rigid Constitution
Rigid and Flexible Constitution
Introduction
The word 'constitution' is commonly used in at least two senses in any ordinary discussion of political affairs . First of all it is used to describe the
whole system of government of a country , the collection of rules which establish and regulate or govern the government . These rules are partly legal
, in the sense that courts of law will recognize and apply them , and partly non–legal or extra–legal , taking the form of usages , understandings,
customs , or conventions which courts do not recognise as law but which are not less effective in regulation the government that the rules of law strictly
so called.
Constitutions can be classified ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They lead us to think that a constitution which contains a number of legal obstacles to its amendment will be hard to alter and will therefore be less
frequently altered than one which contains fewer obstacles or no special obstacles at all . It is thought that as the name suggest , a rigid constitution
owing to its intricate arrangement of amendment is difficult to amend on the other hand a flexible constitution can be moulded in the manner a
legislature wishes it to. But this type of distinction may not be true , if the amendment procedure in regard to India is seen , then we can come to the
conclusion that the Indian constitution is not entirely easy to amend , owing to the provision of two third majority under clause (2) of Art 368, but
still we have 100th newest amendment in our constitution and several other amendments still in pipeleine . The swiss constitution owing to its
amendment procedure can be said as rigid , but in fact it has also been subjected to frequent amendments . The constitution of Australia , on the other
hand , which has similar provision of amendment as in Swiss constitution , has been amended very few times , as of 2012, 44 referendums have been
held, of which only 8 have been carried

The Bill of Rights: The Most Important Documents in...
The Bill of Rights is one of the most important documents in American history. Bills of Rights have been included in official documents for hundred of
years; the Magna Carta, signed by King John in 1215, was known to contain provisions to protect certain rights within his kingdom (History of the Bill
of Rights, 2012). While there was much debate regarding the inclusion of a Bill of Rights into the Constitution, Congress did not approve the inclusion
of twelve Amendments, or Twelve Articles, until September 25, 1789 (History of the Bill of Rights, 2012). While the first two amendments were
rejected, the first ten Amendments of the Constitution make of the United States' Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was formally ratified on December
15, 1791 (Independence Hall Association, 2012). The First Amendment protects an individual's freedom of speech and assembly and states,
"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or
of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances" (U.S. Const. amend. I). The
Second Amendment guarantees individuals the right to bear arms. The Second Amendment states, "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the
security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed" (U.S. Const. amend. II). An individual's right to bear arms
is also

The United Bill Of Rights Essay
http://www.coloradolaw.net/scholarship
The United Bill of Rights is perhaps one of the most important pieces of constitutional legislation that protects the rights of the individual to freedom,
liberty, and personal autonomy by limiting the powers of the federal government. While most people and the media discussions surrounding the Bill of
Rights usually clusters around the 1st and 2nd Amendments, the 7th Amendment is also an integral component in limiting federal power, which aids
in transferring the power of government from the concentrated hands of a few to instead the people. However, the 7th Amendment plays a less
significant role in affecting the day to day lives of the average American in today 's time than it did when the Bill of Rights was initially ratified in
1791, and may even be considered obsolete in the modern world.
The 7th Amendment is fairly straightforward in meaning and intention, but has important implications in terms of limiting federal power. There are
two important elements of this amendment. The first component, known as the Preservation Clause, declares: "In Suits at common law, where the value
in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved." This is the part most people know, which details in what
situations a jury is needed for trial. The second component, known as the Re–examination clause, states: "no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise
re–examined in any Court of the United States, than

Chelsea Lim. Mrs. Polich. U.S. History: Period 7. 5 April
Chelsea Lim Mrs. Polich U.S. History: Period 7 5 April 2017 U.S. Constitution Essay When America first became a country, the government used the
Articles of Confederation to govern the States, then known as the colonies. They later discovered that it did not give the central government enough
power and made it weak. So, one day at a Constitutional Convention, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the Founding Fathers came up with the
Constitution for the new, growing country, and We the People. After they debated, discussed, and compared points and topics, they finally ratified the
Constitution and Bill of Rights in 1791. The Preamble, also known as the introduction to the US Constitution, provides significant constitutional
interpretation for... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The duties of the of the president is being the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, Chief Legislative, Chief Executive, Chief of Party, and Chief
of State. The duties of the Vice–President is to be leader of the Senate, and next in command if something happens to the President. The advisors of
the Executive Branch is Congress and the fifteen cabinet or secretaries. While we have someone that can enforce those laws, we need people that can
clarify those laws. The Judicial branch consists of justices and courts in the US, and their job is to interpret the laws created by Congress. The highest
court of the US is the Supreme Court and the title of those who serve on the high court is associate judges. There are nine judges, eight associate
judges and one chief judge. Those judges are appointed by the president, approved by the senate, and serve for life. There are ninety one district courts
and twelve appeal courts. Courts have jurisdiction over the Constitution, federal laws, treaties. Laws governing ships, the United States government
itself, ambassadors or public ministers, two or more state government, citizens of different states, and a state or its citizens versus a foreign country.
There are a total of twenty seven amendments in the US constitution. The first ten are known as the Bill of Rights, and the other seventeen

An Article On The Amendment
Amendment: An amendment is an article added to the US Constitution . There are 33 amendments in US constitution which have been adopted by the
United States congress and constitution put into operation on March 4th 1789. First 10 amendments are called bills or rights.. It was created to
guarantee the protection of the basic rights that citizen continue to enjoy. First Amendment: It was adopted in in 1791 as one of the ten amendments. It
forbids the making of any law respecting an creation of religion. Amendment talks about the prevention on the free exercise of religion, condensing the
speech infringing on the freedom of press interfering with the right to peaceable assemble or omission of the petitioning for a governmental redress of...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Minnesota, the Court got to know that the claims that publication of the papers would obstruct with foreign policy and extend the war were too
speculative, and could not overcome the strong opinion against prior restraints. Case 3; Minarcini v. Strongsville (1976): The Strongsville City Board
of Education reverse the faculty advice to buy the Joseph Heller 's Catch–22 and Kurt Vonnegut 's God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater and gave instruction
to the elimination of Catch–22 and Vonnegut 's Cat 's Cradle from the library. The Susan Minarcini appealed to the U.S Court of Appeals then the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled against the School Board, protecting the students ' First Amendment right to receive information and
the librarian 's right to spread it. The court said "The elimination of books from a school library is a much more severe problem upon the freedom of
classroom discussion than the act found unconstitutional in Tinker v. Des Moines School District." Sixth Amendment Ratified in 1791, it guarantees
rights relating to criminal prosecution in federal courts and the rights are important. It also says in unlawful prosecution accused shall have the rights
to a speedy and public trail by an unbiased jury of the state and the local wherein the crime shall have been committed in which place, shall have been
formerly and to established by law and be knowledgeable of the nature and cause of the

4th Amendment Research Paper
In 1791, a vital document for the United States of America was written. The Bill of Rights. James Madison fulfilled the Anti–Federalists wishes by
adding a list of rights to the constitution in order for the document to be ratified. The Bill of Rights addresses rights and freedoms which were violated
under British rule. Although all 10 amendments are important, I have analyzed each one and ranked their importance. In 1791, some amendments
would seem more important than others due to the recent events from the Revolution. Each amendment is relevant in its own way but some are
exercised more than others by individuals in the United States. The first amendment of the Bill of Rights is the most important amendment.
The most critical amendment ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Bill Rights states, "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and
district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature
and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to
have the assistance of counsel for his defense"1. Legal Information Institute cites the amendment, "guarantees the rights of criminal defendants,
including the right to a public trial without unnecessary delay, the right to a lawyer, the right to an impartial jury, and the right to know who your
accusers are and the nature of the charges and evidence against you" for criminal defendants8. The amendment makes sure that a citizen charged has
the right to defend themselves in court. Following the sixth amendment, I believe that the Eighth amendment is the next most significant

Pros And Cons Of The Seventh Amendment
The Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution says the following:
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a
jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
We live in a very litigious society. To combat this in 1925 Congress passed and President signed the Federal Arbitration Act that allowed some civil
cases to avoid the courts and be determined by binding arbitration. Most of the cases involved business to business contractual arrangements. The idea
was that between relatively equal entities, arbitration was a reasonable alternative to having your day in court. The Seventh Amendment is rooted in
common law and was a recognition that equality in civil matters was necessary for a just system of government. Over the years the courts have
allowed more and more cases to be governed by the FAA. The expansion of the legality of the act has put the Seventh Amendment on a slippery slope
to irrelevancy. An idea the founding fathers thought was a vital underpinning of a civil society is being undermined. This trend is not beneficial to the
country. It leads to systemic inequality, which leads to erosion of individual rights and undermining the rule of law.
The proliferation of waivers to constitutional rights in contracts poses a threat to our country's notion of individual rights and to the

Mark Twain Interview Questions
In this assignment, my group had come up with 10 interview questions about the United States Constitution. I choose to interview 3 persons that I
know. The first person that I interview is my friend Edin, he is a college student. The second person is my uncle Prewes, who is a former lawyer. The
last person that I interview is my friend, Jacob, who is also a college student. The first question is how many amendments are there? Only 2 out of 3
person manage to get the right answer, which is 27 amendments. The second question is what is the supreme rule of the land? This time all 3 person
answer "the Constitution". The third question asks how many articles are there in the Constitution. Only one person answer with 7 articles and other
people said

General George Washington And His Continental Army Had
General George Washington and his Continental Army had just defeated the English Army. In 1776, the founding fathers of the United States of
America signed the Declaration of Independence, according to ushistory.org 60 delegates signed the document that granted the country we know today
as the United States free from British rule.Some of the men that inked their name into American history were Thomas Jefferson. Benjamin Franklin,
John Adams, and John Hancock. From that point on the United States was an independent nation. Being an independent nation means the founding
fathers had to establish all the characteristics of a successful country, several example include: government, economic system, laws, etc. It is evident
that a country cannot... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now let's take a look at each of the amendments and determine the exact reason why our founding fathers inserted them into our Constitution.
The first amendment of the United States states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the
government for a redress of grievances (Bill of Rights Institute)." In simpler words this amendments means that any citizen may practice any religion
that he or she identifies as their faith. It also grants all citizens the right to free speech. Free speech means that an individual can say whatever they
wish, without any restrictions, even if the words are inappropriate, disrespect any political leader or disrespect the government itself. We have a right
to say what we desire. The first amendment along with granting the freedom of speech and the freedom of religion, allows freedom of press. This
allows the press the ability to publish what they desire, even if it is absurd or incorrect. The second amendment of the United States Constitution states
"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed (Bill of
Rights Institute)." The second amendment grants

Bill Of Right 's Paper
John Dionisio History 107 Professor Bruce O Solheim 18 January 2017 Bill of Right's Paper The Constitution 's Bill of Rights established an equal
disputing between the government and the people. It started when a delegate named James Madison opposed the new Constitution, because he
believed that it lacked emphasis in human rights. The Bill of Rights, plays an important role in distributing freedom and culture to the nation, because it
emphasizes the proper human rights that allows one to live properly. Thus, James Madison and members of the first congress decided to implement a
newly revised Constitution which provided the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights originally incorporated into 17 amendments, then condensed into 10
when ratified... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Our national diversity also includes many religious groups. The First amendment allows us to respect our religion without any sort of discrimination.
Furthermore, the other parts of the first amendment are self–explanatory, we can be very vocal with our opinions through protest, discussion, and
association. For example, we can boast about or express frustration with the Presidential Election of 2016, owe or we can express our freedom of
speech through assembly and petitions. I find this amendment an important aspect to the rights to every citizen because the first step to change is
being vocal about our rights. The Second, Third, and Fourth Amendments of the Bill of Rights play an important role in regards to guns, military
servicemen and crime. The Second Amendment states that "A well–regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the
people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed." (U.S. Const. amend. II).Basically, this amendment allows any individual with the exception of
felons, to carry firearm. This amendment allows us to protect ourselves from any kind of danger. For the past years, the right to bear arms was
extremely controversial due to terrorist attacks and massacres such as the Sandy Hook Elementary Massacre and San Bernardino shooting, which led
to many Americans being frightened of firearms. However, this amendment plays an important role because without it people would be left defenseless.
I

Changes In The 15th Amendment
I feel that the changes made in the 15th Amendment, which gave all citizens the right to vote regardless of race or color, and the 19th Amendment
which gave women the right to vote improved our government, because after those amendments citizens who previously would not have had a chance
to vote, now could. The opinions of those citizens could now be expressed through their votes thereby expanding the demographic of the United States
democracy.
The natural born Citizen clause in Article 2, Section 1 of the United States Constitution has caused much controversy and its meaning has been deeply
argued. It may be in our best interest if the clause were to be reworded to make the meaning of the clause clear so there can be no discrepancies, ending

The First Ten Amendments
The first ten amendments are good to know in our Constitution. James Madison created the Bill of Rights which was influenced by George Mason's
1776 Virginia Declaration of Rights. The amendments form the central core of our government and law. They are a fundamental document of our
rights as citizens. Understanding the ten amendments is very important. Each amendment is important to our nation and gives us individual freedoms.
The first three amendments deal with the people's freedom. The first amendment states , "freedom of religion, speech, and the press; rights of assembly
and petition." (condtitutionfacts.com) This means that people have the right and freedom of Religion, press, speech, assembly and petition.
Amendment two states "Right to bear arms" (condtitutionfacts.com) It gives people the right to bear or own weapons for our personal lawful use. The
Third amendment says "No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The fifth amendment is the"right to due process of law, freedom from self–incrimination, double jeopardy."(calpoly.edu) This amendment means that
we have the right to a lawyer and that once tried for something and found not guilty, that we cannot be tried for the same thing again. It also means
that you can chose not to testify if you will incriminate yourself. Sixth amendment is "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right
to a speedy and public trial." (nccs.net) If you are accused of something you will be tried for it in a timely fashion. Seventh amendment says the
people have a right to a jury in civil cases. If you are accused of a crime you can go into trial that is determined by the jury of your peers. That you
cannot just be put in jail without a

The Contributions Of James Madison
In the United States of America, there have been 45 presidents with our current president being Donald Trump and the first president we had in 1789
was George Washington. Despite all the presidents that we have had in the past, one of them that stands out a lot the most due to his contributions that
he did to America, that person is our fourth president James Madison. James Madison was certainly, one of the smartest and thoughtful presidents,
James Madison set the most important precedent in United State history. James Madison served as the president of the United States from 1809 to
1817. James Madison beliefs that a strong central government was important to successfully unify a country under a sound government, he made many
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Alexander Hamilton, John Jay and James Madison began writing numerous articles that now are called the Federalist papers. These papers were
important to convince the states to ratify the new constitution. The papers were important because they established the principles that a strong national
government was needed to move the country past their old government to a new and stronger system of government. The old style of government is
known as the articles of confederation. In 1789, as a member of the House of Representatives, James Madison wants the government to be more clear
and honest with its people and so he introduced the Bill of Rights. One of the founding fathers of the Constitution was James Madison. The Constitution
means how something is organized. The U.S. Constitution organized the 13 states into a single national government. The constitution is the starting
point of the American government. We refer to it, go back to it and originate from it. The framework for any understanding of the American
government is the constitution. There was a lot of conflict around 1785. "The colonies were operating under the Articles of Confederation." (Murica
Pg. 10). The states were loose, but they operated together under the same articles. After the great war with Great Britain, the states did not want the
government to have all the authority. They were afraid of

The Bill Of Rights: The First Ten Amendments
The Bill of Rights is the accumulation of the first ten amendments made to the United States Constitution. Before ratifying the Constitution, some
states required that a Bill of Rights be instituted. James Madison, the primary author of these amendments and later America's fourth President, drafted
twelve revisions. Congress passed ten of the proposed amendments, creating the Bill of Rights. While these revisions did create new guidelines for the
Constitution, they did not change the original intentions of the framers. The first ten amendments protect citizens' rights and powers. The First
Amendment gives people the right to express their opinions and beliefs without fear of government opposition. This not only allowed the immigrants

Examples Of The First Ten Amendments
The first ten amendments are known as the Bill of Rights.
First Amendment: protects the rights of Americans to worship as they please, or to have no religion if they prefer; freedom of speech, freedom of the
press.
Second Amendment: ensures citizens and the nation the right to security.
Third Amendment: prohibits the government from forcing people to quarter – to provide shelter for – soldiers in their homes.
Fourth Amendment: reflects the early Americans' desire to protect their privacy.
Fifth Amendment: contains four major protections for people accused of crimes.
Sixth Amendment: protects the rights of individuals charged with federal crimes to defend themselves in a court trial.
Seventh Amendment: provides for the right to a jury trial in federal courts to settle all disputes about property worth more than $20. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Twelfth Amendment (1804): corrects a problem that had arisen in the method of electing the president and vice president.
Thirteenth Amendment (1865): outlaws slavery.
Fourteenth Amendment (1868): protects the legal rights of the freed slaves and their descendants.
Fifteenth Amendment (1870): prohibits the government from denying a person's' right to vote on the basis of race.
Sixteenth Amendment (1913): gives Congress the power to levy individual income taxes
Seventeenth Amendment (1913): states that the people, instead of state legislatures, elect United States senators.
Eighteenth Amendment (1919): prohibits the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages, concluding a crusade to abolish the use of
liquor that began in the 1830s.
Nineteenth Amendment (1920): guaranteed women the right to vote.
Twentieth Amendment (1933): sets new dates for Congress to begin its term and for the inauguration of the president and vice president.
Twenty First Amendment (1933): repealed the unsuccessful Eighteenth

Pros And Cons Of The Bill Of Rights
The Bill of Rights is the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the often times bitter
1787–1788 battle over ratification of the Constitution, and crafted to address the objections raised by Anti–Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments
add certain safeguards of democracy–specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights; clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and
other proceedings; and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the
people–to the Constitution. The concepts codified in these amendments are built upon those found in several earlier documents, including the Virginia

The Seven Amendments
The constitution of the United States of America is the founding document on which the government of America is built. It currently has twenty–seven
amendments. It lines out the specific government practices as well as the system of check and balances. It was first drafted July, 1787 after the first
form of government, the articles of confederation, had proven very inefficient to a point where it became almost redundant to have them in place. After
a large amount of debate the acting continental congress decide to completely revise the current system. The constitution was efficient and fair and it
kept the parts of government in place while not giving too much power to one or more branches.
After outlining that, the document begins to outline the basic civil liberties and rights that the average citizen receives. These are called the
amendments. They are the foundation on what the freedom of America is built with. The amendments spell out the freedoms that Americans had,
everything from the right of religious freedoms to the right to bear arms both of which are regularly debated subjects today. They made America what
America was, the freest country in the world
Each of the amendments had their own set of rights to protect. The first protects Religion and the right to practice it. "The first amendment to the United
States Constitution prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion, abridging the
freedom of

Essay On The Seventh Amendment
The government decided after several years that their comparative weak government under the Articles of Confederation, and proposed a new
constitution on September 17, 1787. Hugh Williamson proposed a guarantee of trail by jury in the federal civil cases, but the motion to add this was
not supported. The case didn't go away since James Madison wanted to add the Seventh Amendment to the Bill of Rights. Congress proposed a revised
version of the Seventh Amendment to the states on September 28, 1789, and by December 15, 1791, the necessary three–quarters of the states had
ratified it. Also, "no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of theUnited States, than according to the rules of the common
law". It is against United ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In response the five states ratification at the conventions recommended guaranteeing the right to jury trial in civil cases by constitutional
amendment. The amendment protected findings of fact in civil cases exceeding certain dollar value from judicial review. Congress decided to add
the proposed Bill of Rights to end of the constitution later on, directly to Article Three. "In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall
exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved": When the Seventh Amendment was written in the 1700s, $20 was considered a lot
of money. Today, any disputes that involve amounts less than $75000 will not be handled in a federal court. The Supreme Court has held that the
Seventh Amendment's guarantee of a jury trial also guarantees a jury that is of official size, or be able to handle the case. The court decided upon a
six–member jury, and believed I would be sufficient to meet the amendment's requirements in the case of Colgrove v. Battin (1973) and in Ballew v.
Georgia (1978) that a five–member jury violated the amendment's

The Jury System Essay
Wei Mao ( Edward )
What is the jury system ?
1,http://www.articlesbase.com/politics–articles/englands–trial–by–jury–from–9th–century–2670940.html
2,http://avalon.law.yale.edu/ancient/acilian_law.asp
3,http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/pubotbin/toccer–new?id=fed0014.sgml&images=&data=/usr/ot&tag=fed&part=9&division=div1
4,https://www.archives.gov/founding–docs/constitution–transcript#toc–section–2–
5,https://www.law.cornell.edu/anncon/html/amdt7frag1_user.html
6,chrome–extension://ikhdkkncnoglghljlkmcimlnlhkeamad/pdf–viewer/web
/viewer.html?file=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.law.ggu.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1505%26context%3Dggulrev
7,http://aclu.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=558
8,http://deathpenalty.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=001022
9,http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/orglr10&div=16&id=&page=
10,https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh–CN&lr=&id=RaZ_AKgMIqUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=jury
+system&ots=5YzBtriq–9&sig=MMxdrVwnhn5eMUllOrwqJcs6viY
outline
1пјЊthe history of the jury system
1) jury system of early origin
1.1) Greece, Rome, England and Welsh
2пј‰the countries which use jury system and how
2.1пј‰Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Greece, Hongkong, Gibraltar, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Russia,
Singapore, South Africa, Sweden, England (England and Welsh), Scotland, Northern Ireland, United Statesпј€
nextпјЊi will introduce how the United
states use jury systemпј‰
2,the application of the jury

The United Bill Of Rights
The United Bill of Rights is perhaps one of the most important pieces of constitutional legislature that protects the rights of the individual to freedom,
liberty, and personal autonomy by limiting the powers of the federal government. While most people and the media discussions surrounding the Bill of
Rights usually clusters around the 1st and 2nd Amendments, the 7th Amendment is also an integral component in limiting federal power, which aids
in transferring the power of government from the concentrated hands of a few to instead the people. However, the 7th Amendment plays a less
significant role in affecting the day to day lives of the average American in today 's time than it did when the Bill of Rights was initially ratified in 1791.
The 7th Amendment is fairly straightforward in meaning and intention, but has important implications in terms of limiting federal power. There are
two important elements of this amendment. The first component, known as the Preservation Clause, declares: "In Suits at common law, where the value
in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved." This is the part most people know, which details in what
situations a jury is needed for trial. The second component, known as the Re–examination clause, states: "no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise
re–examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law." Consequently, federal judges are prevented from
overruling

The Rights Of The Citizens Of A Country

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