THIS PPT HAVE INFORMATION ABOUT PROPER DIGESTION AND ASSIMILATION PROCESS.

1. DIGESTION AND UTILIZATION
OF
NUTRIENTS
ANBUSELVI R
AMIRTA INSTITUTE OF HOTEL MANGEMENT AND CATERING
TECHNOLOGY

2. INTRODUCTION
 Food ingestion- intake of food which is present
different types of nutrients.
 Giving energy for various body processes.
 Maintenance of bogy tissue or reproduction.
 Entire process- eaten to excretion – is called
Metabolism of food.
 Continuous process.

3. TWO IMPORTANT PROCESS
1. Anabolism- process of building up of body
substance.
2. Catabolism- process of breaking down of
body substance.

4. Complex food
substances
simple food substances

5. Anabolism
 Building new substances from simple
molecules
 example:
 simple molecules
(amino acids) ---> Protein

6. Catabolism
 Breakdown of various tissues to their simpler
components.
 For examples:
During fever, infection, tear , routine wear
and various energy liberation process.

7. METABOLISM STEPS
 Digestion
 Absorption
 Assimilation

8. Function of digestive system

9. 1. Digestion starts from MOUTH and comprises
the FOOD PIPE (oesophagus)
2. Stomach, small intestine and large intestine
3. Ends with anus (Excretion process)

10. FUNCTION OF EACH ORGANS
 MOUTH: chewing the food, mixing with
saliva
 OESOPHAGUS: food path
 STOMACH: Storage and churning 0f food
with various secretion – hydrochloric acid,
pepsin and rennin.
 SMALL INTESTINE: made up of three parts ,
duodenum, jejunum and ileum for proper
absorption.

11.  Pancreas: secrete the digestive enzyme and
also insulin- carbohydrate metabolism.
 Liver: one of the largest glands in the body.
Secrets bile- stored in the gall bladder.
 Gall bladder- storage place for bile-
Application of bile:
Strongly alkaline, acid food converted into
alkaline condition- essential for action of
enzymes in small intestine.
Prevents the growth of bacteria.
Large intestine, colon and rectum- waste
products pass down to colon

12. DIGESTION PROCESS
1. Digestion in the mouth
2. Digestion in the stomach
3. Digestion in the small intestine

13. 1. Digestion in the mouth
 Chewing the food – mix with saliva
 saliva contain enzymes that ptyalin
(Amylase).
 Saliva – condition is mucous- helps to wet the
food and passage easy into the stomach.

14. 2. Digestion in the stomach
 Gastric juice produced by stomach contain-
water, hydrochloric acid and enzymes
( pepsin)
 Semi-digested food pass into the small
intestine.

15. 3. Digestion in the small
intestine
Food mixed with pancreatic juice produced by
pancreas that contains some enzymes-
Amylase, lipase, trypsin and peptidases.
Small intestine- produced lipase, peptidase,
lactase, maltase, sucrase and maltase.

16. ASSIMILATION
Absorption of nutrients.
For example carbohydrates absorbed – blood
in the form of glucose.

17. NUTRIENT DIGESTION ASSIMILATION IN
METABOLISM
CARBOHYDRATES Absorbed in the form of
glucose or other
monosaccharide
Oxidation- energy to
Co2 and H2o, Changed
to glycogen and stored
in liver,
Change to fat and
stored as fatty acid.
FATS Absorbed in the small
intestine in the form of
fatty acids and glycerol
New fat oxidized for
energy to Co2 and H2o,
stored as fatty tissue.
PROTEINS Absorbed in the small
intestine in the form of
amino acids
Nitrogen removed,
changed to urea and
excreted, converted to
glucogenic and
Ketogenic amino acids

18. Protein = Amino acid
 Build new tissues( muscles, blood, cells).
 Repair old tissues (Healing, replenish).

19. Conclusion
 Each and every function of body needs
particular nutrients that was fulfilled by
balanced diet.