Introduction to enzymes

1. Presented by,
Mrs.Bhargavi.G,
Ramanagara.

3. •Enzymes play an important role in Digestion, Breweries, Diagnosis and
Therapeutics.
•Digestive enzymes-Pepsin in stomach, trypsin in intestine etc,.
•Fermented foods and alcoholic drinks are produced with the help of enzymes.
•Level of enzyme in blood are of diagnostic importance e.g. it is a good indicator
in disease such as myocardial infarction (creatinine kinase, lactate
dehydrogenase).
•Enzyme can be used therapeutically such as digestive enzymes(lactase).

4. Enzymes can be defined as catalysts of biological systems or simply
“Biocatalysts”

5. A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself
undergoing any permanent chemical change.
“Silver make plastic production environment friendly"

6. •Enzymes are proteins except few RNA.
•They increase the rate of reaction by lowering the energy of
activation(Fasten a reaction).
•They catalyze nearly all the chemical reactions taking place in the cells
of the body.
•Not altered or consumed during reaction.
•Reusable.
•“digestion of food in stomach by pepsin”

7. Enzymes
Lower a
Reaction’s
Activation
Energy

11. •17 th and 18th century-digestion of meat in stomach,.
•Anselme Payen(1833)- first discovered ‘diastase’.
•Louis pasteur – ‘ferments’.
•In 1877, Kuhne first used the name ‘enzyme’.
•“Enzymes can work outside the cell” by Eduard Buchner- Yeast Zymase
•“Enzymes are Proteins”-concluded by Northorp and Stanley(1930)-
digestive enzymes

12. Why they are
produced-
1.Constitutive.
&
2.Inducible.
Where they are
produced-
1.intracellular.
&
2.Extracellular.
3.What
reactions they
work on-
Major 6-classes
of enzymes.

13. •The name of an enzyme in many cases end in –ase
For example, sucrase catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose
•The name describes the function of the enzyme
For example, oxidases catalyze oxidation reactions
•Sometimes common names are used, particularly for the digestion
enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin
•Some names describe both the substrate and the function
For example, alcohol dehydrogenase oxides ethanol.

14. •Enzymes Are Classified into six functional Classes (EC number
Classification) by the International Union of Biochemists (I.U.B.)
since,1964.
on the Basis of the Types of Reactions That They Catalyze:
‘OTHLIL’.
EC 1. Oxidoreductases
EC 2. Transferases
EC 3. Hydrolases
EC 4. Lyases
EC 5. Isomerases
EC 6. Ligases