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Moon Landing Research Paper
Most people take for granted that the US moon landing really did happen. Surprisingly, there are many who believe that the entire event was
completely staged. In fact, if one were to google the moon landing, they would discover there are countless websites devoted to both sides of this
argument. The purpose of this essay is to settle this question and provide undeniable proof that on July 20, 1969 the Apollo 11 team made history and
put the first man on the moon.
The Apollo program was an aggressive push to put a man on the moon before the end of the 1960s and before the Russians. The moon landing was
broadcasted live, so why would it be faked? An estimated 600 million people watched the moon landing. On July 20, 1969, ... Show more content on
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The Bochum Observatory director ,Professor Heinz Kaminski, was able to provide confirmation of events and data that was independent of both
the Russian and U.S. space agencies. A compilation of sightings appeared in "Observations of Apollo 11" (Sky and Telescope magazine, November,
1969). Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)SELENE lunar probe obtained several photographs showing evidence of Moon landings. A total
of 382 kilograms (842 lb) of Moon rocks and dust were collected during the Apollos 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17 missions. Some 10 kg (22 lb) of the
Moon rocks have been used in hundreds of experiments performed by both NASA researchers and planetary scientists at research institutions
unaffiliated with NASA. These experiments have confirmed the age and origin of the rocks as lunar, and were used to identify lunar meteorites collected
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Abiotic Synthesis And The Deep Sea Vent Hypotheses
Although both abiotic synthesis and the deep–sea vent hypotheses argue the environment of a primordial–Earth was required for the origin of life, the
two hypotheses have their differences. In general, the abiotic synthesis hypothesis describes the process of how organic compounds can be created
from inorganic compounds, while the deep–sea vent hypothesis argues a possible scenario where life may have originated from inorganic
compounds. While the term "primordial soup" has been used to describe abiotic synthesis, the same term has been used to describe the extreme
environment surrounding hydrothermal vents. In Stanley Miller's experiment, Bada and Lazcano (2008, p.745) argue, Miller showed abiotic
synthesis took place by introducing an electric current to a circulating mixture of pressurized "CH4, NH3, H20, and H2." However, samples of both
types of hydrothermal vents show different mixtures than that of Miller's experiment. Although the LCHF lacks CO2, according to William Martin,
John Baross, Deborah Kelley, and Michael J. Russell (2008, p.806) the compound was not used in Miller's experiment, but the vent did release
ample amounts of H2 and CH4, which were used in Miller's experiment. Black smokers, on the other hand, give off H2, but also release CO2 and
H2S (Martin et al., 2008, p.806). The two hypotheses agree that life on Earth originated around roughly 3.8 billion years ago. Another similarity
between the two hypotheses is both argue the precursors of life are
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Similarities And Differences In The Space Rock
There are similarities and differences between how the dad in "The Space Rock" acts at the beginning and end of the story. Both the dad's actions at
the beginning and end of the story decline big offers and ideas of making money off of the meteorite. But, the two of the dad's actions have
differences as well, at the beginning the dad is outstanded by how much money he can make off of the meteorite. At the end though, the dad is
grateful about the opportunity and he gives the rock to his hometown. The dad in "The Space Rock" has similarities and differences in his actions in
the beginning and end. A similarity between the dad's actions at the beginning and the end of "The Space Rock" is that both of the dad's actions
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It Moved, Why Was It Move?
It moved, why was it moving? That should not have been moving, well not on it's own anyway. When I first noticed it, I thought I was imagining
things. It was not something that was to be expected of it when it we never saw it moved. The needle that my partner and I installed haven't moved
since the installment. I scrambled to reach a nearby phone to contact the her. She must be informed about this development right away. "Elisa. It's
happening. I–it's moving! I don't know why it's happening now after this long of inactivity. That should not even be alive right now. Please just hurry
over," I quickly stammered out to my partner, excited at first but fear overtook it with a sinking feeling. My eyes trailed the cords connected to the glass
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My ears picked up my partner's movements but her movement quieted to a subtle beat of my heart growing louder in my head. Chills creeped up
my arms and a shuttered formed at my already cold lips. There was something very wrong indeed about this. This never should have happened,
nothing should have survived on this without showing life before. Out of the corner of my eye, Doctor Elisa was doing some of the standard tests
after removing the meteorite out of it's secured casing. I reached out to my clipboard and trailed over what Elisa and I have discovered so far
about it. 3.8 percent of iron, 6.2 percent of nickel, and the last of common rocks that earth consists of. There wasn't much unusual about besides that
it looked slightly different of other meteorites that have been discovered and it was large enough to leave a small crater in the ice and snow. I force
myself to look back up to Elisa and the meteorite. As if out of a moment's notice or some other weird reason, as if looking at them made me start to
feel nauseated. I pushed the feeling down, I couldn't let it bother me now. I stood and paced up besides Elisa. Something seem to hit me though
looking back at it. It seemed... smoother... than the normal meteorite. I don't know why neither of us noticed that before nor why it seemed to just chill
the room and make me sick. "There seems to be nothing new about our
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Analyzing The Video 'Formation Of Earth'
Mindi Reynolds
GEO 120
6/1/2017
Earth is Born Origins Nova Neil DeGrasse Tyson HD 1080p In this video we were able to learn about the such violent beginnings of earth and its first
billion years, which is a time of continuous catastrophe. We were also made knowledgable how each catastrophe lead us to where we are today.
Despite such violent beginnings, scientists have found new clues that life–giving water and oxygen appeared on our planet much earlier than previously
thought. The video summarizes the creation of earth by comparing it to a 24 hour day. This timeline gives us the order of the creation and helps us learn
more about earth. The beginning of the formation of Earth started from solar system dust grains which would of collided and gained mass all ... Show
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They also state the average age of most meteorites discovered is 4.6 Billion years old.
90 other elements were found in the meteorite, it gave them the basic chemical fingerprint of early earth.
The video also describes the theory of the Iron Catastrophe, thought to have occurred almost 50 million years after Earth's formation, when internal
heat from trapped radioactive elements and external heat from surface collisions caused the planet's iron to melt, sink, and form Earth's core, this
catastrophe allowed life to flourish. tells how convection currents in Earth's core generate the planet's magnetic field and relates the migration of
Earth's magnetic north pole. The movement of the pole is picking up speed over the years and will continue to pick up speed. looks at one theory of
how the moon formed which was through a massive collision of Earth with a Mars–sized planetesimal created debris that combined to form the moon
some 50,000 years after Earth formed.
The moon started out very close to the earth and was making the earth spin faster due to the
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Developing A Way To Study Asteroids
It has always been a worry of researchers that at any moment an asteroid may hit Earth and cause significant damage. Only recently (the past
hundred years or so) have people been able to make equipment powerful enough to detect asteroids coming toward Earth and orbiting Earth. This
is a very important step in preventing damage to our fragile planet. One of the first asteroids orbiting Earth discovered was 1 Ceres by Piazzi in
1801 (Gehrels, 1999). Since all of the asteroids back in the 1800's were found just by looking up at the sky, it was a very slow going process
finding them. In 1891, Max Wolf decided that taking pictures of the asteroids would be a more efficient way of keeping track of them. He was
correct. Just looking up at the night's sky was not good enough to see the asteroids (even with the lack of light pollution at the time). Taking a
photo would not only help to see the asteroids better, but it would also help to find and identify any other objects that may have been in space at
the time. In the 1900's asteroids were referred to as "minor planets". Around this time there were places in Berlin that would use available
technology to compute the orbits of these asteroids. In 1957, scientists measured the very first cosmic ray exposure age of an asteroid (Gehrels,
1999). This is the time from which the asteroid breaks off from its place of origin to the time it reaches Earth. On June 30, 1908 above Siberia, an
asteroid exploded in the sky. It was
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Meteorite Case Study
Top 10 Ski Jackets for 2017
Meteorite by Dynafit
The meteorite is a light weight jacket. It has synthetic insulation as well as two layers of waterproof and breathable fabric.
Pros
It becomes warmer when it gets wet
It features body mapped insulation
It is super lightweight
Cons
Doesn't have vents
It is a bit crinkly
Is it Durable?
The Meteorite has a mid–level durability. It comprises of two layers of Thermium fabric. This saves cost, makes the jacket lighter, and prevents
compressed insulation. It is more durable than single–layer nylon jackets but it does fall short of those with three layers.
Is it Weatherproof?
The shell of the jacket is comparable to a rain coat in terms of water resistance. The Meteorite features synthetic ... Show more content on
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Pros
It is made of durable and stretchy fabric
The pit zippers go clear to hem
It has large mesh interior pockets
Cons
The main zipper is too light
Is it Durable?
The Skyward's three–layer stretchy fabric is great stuff. It is a little thicker in construction than some shells, which makes it more durable. It should
last a few seasons of daily use.
Is it Weatherproof?
Good to go: the Skyward checks all the waterproofing boxes–big hood, high collar, long sleeves, hem, and waterproof fabric.
Overall
The Skyward is a day–in–day–out ski shell, well equipped for riding lifts or for long tours in the backcountry. Outdoor Research saves a few bucks by
not using a name–brand waterproof breathable (i.e. Goretex) and have built in some very nice and unique features. Pit zips that extend to the hems
make this a wet–weather backcountry skiers dream.
Wander by Trew
The Wander from Trew is a minimal, superlight shell with an athletic cut, designed for backcountry use.
Pros
It has big pockets
It is made of stretchy material
It is made of lightweight material
Cons
The zippers are delicate
There is no powder shirt
Is it
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Should Pluto Be Considered A Planet
Should pluto be considered a planet In August 2006 pluto was downgraded to a dwarf planet and it is still considered to not be a planet. Do you
think it should be considered a planet? Pluto should not be considered a planet in my opinion. There are 3 things a planet needs to be to be a planet,
it has to be round, it has to orbit a star and it has to have cleared it's orbiting path.pluto fallows the first 2 rules but not the 3rd so pluto can not be
considered a planet. All of the other planets follow these rules allowing them to be a planet so pluto only qualifies as a dwarf planet. There are 50 other
dwarf planets like pluto do you want to have 50 planets in the solar system? If pluto was a still considered a planet there would be at
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Planetary Disorders: The Solar System
The solar system formed when a cloud of interstellar dust and gas collapsed. The oldest meteorite specimens are remnants of the very first geologic
processes to occur in our solar system 4.6 billion years ago. Because the interstellar cloud had been slowly spinning, the result was a nearly flat
rotating disk which is referred to as the solar nebula. Much of the dust and gas in the disk moved to the center of the nebula where it fed a growing
protostar which eventually became our sun.
The dust and gas remaining in the nebula was slowly assimilated to form primitive planetary material. Initially, nebular dust accreted to form small,
loosely–bound balls of dust. These dust–balls encountered violent, high–temperature collisions and were melted, resulting in the formation of molten
silicate and metal droplets. The molten droplets then cooled quickly and formed small millimeter–sized spheres of rock called chondrules. Meteorites
containing these objects are called chondrites (Wood 2005).
Meteoritic parent bodies produced in different regions of the solar nebula had slightly different chemical compositions and structural properties. This is
probably because the small planetary bodies accreted throughout a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This process is similar to planetary differentiation which formed the core of Earth, thus iron meteorites are considered equivalents for the Earth's core.
Pallasites are another group of meteorites, which are intimate mixtures of silicate crystals and iron–rich metal, and are thought to represent regions
where achondrite and iron meteorite magmas were partly separated, such as the core–mantle boundaries of planetesimals, and provide us vital
information about the process of
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Meteorites: The Evolution Of The Solar System In Antarctica
Antarctica has one of the harshest climate in the world, but many scientists go there to do research. Two of the thousands of mysteries that scientist are
trying to solve in Antarctica are how the solar system formed and what the earth was like long ago.
One of the mysteries scientist are trying to figure out in Antarctica is how the solar system formed. One of the clues scientists study to learn about the
solar system is meteorites. Meteorites is a rock that have come from space and landed on earth. Meteorites are easy to find in Antarctica because the
continent is covered in white and blue ice. Meteorites have an uneven and glossy surface, and they are dark, so they contrast with the snow and ice.
Some of the Meteorites found in Antarctica
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Akdj
Learning Module 3 Connor MacLeod 100254620 The first video, The Solar Nebular Theory, describes the planetary formation through a collapsing
cloud of dust and gas that spins in the same direction at a fast pace. Through angular momentum, as it collapses even more, it speeds up and flattens
into a disk. As it flattens, the materials start to come together and planets start to form as well as a young star is created in the middle. What I liked
about the video is how they used good analogies such as the pizza and the figure skater to get the idea of angular momentum across. What I didn't like
about the video is how they didn't go more in depth about the other bodies that are created around the star. To make it better I would've used our... Show
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The pull of Jupiter's gravity kept the particles accelerating so fast, they could never accrete. What I liked about the video is how it spent the most
time discussing why the asteroid belt exists as that caught my attention the most in the textbook, where its only mentioned briefly. What I didn't
like about the video is it didn't discuss the shapes and size of the asteroids themselves. To improve this video I would've added some interesting
facts from the textbook such as some are asteroids are 200km in diameter. The 6th video is about comets. It talked about how civilization was
influenced from comets and the association of comets to earth through religious or mythological oriented societies and how they were viewed as
a bad omen. What I did not like about this video is how it did not describe at all what a comet is, or what it is made up of. They could make this
video better by discussing the basics of a comet, not just the historic significance it played on our societies. That being said, what I did like about this
video is the telling of how it played a role in our societies that if something bad happened, and a comet was in the sky, it started to be associated with
each
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Planet Earth Is Doomed
Planet Earth is Doomed!
Happy New Year! Lim, Zelda and Mateo were having a celebration as it was New Year's Eve, 2241, and they were meeting up at Mateo's house.
When they had all had something to eat and drink they decided to put the TV on to watch some of the annual rocket and boulder race. Lim turned the
TV on to Star channel. All of a sudden, there became an urgent news bulletin at the bottom of the TV which said, "DANGER" in big red letters. The
newsreader looked horrified and bewildered, he looked like he had seen a ghost. The bulletin said that there was a meteorite coming to hit planet Earth.
When all three boys saw the bulletin they looked at each other with stunned faces. What was going to happen to planet Earth?
After very little sleep, the next morning Mateo quickly switched on the TV to see what the update was about the meteorite. When the Star News came
up there was a journalist talking to four scientists about their discovery of the ... meteorite. The scientists' idea ...... was to put a laser beam around
Earth. As Zelda and Lim woke up, Mateo was sitting on the edge of the couch. Zelda nervously asked Mateo what the news was about the meteorite
and Mateo informed him about what was going on.
At 7:00 that night the laser beam was due to be switched on. All three boys went outside and hopefully gazed at the night sky. All of a sudden, a bright
green shine lit the horizon of the Earth. All three boys let out a sigh of relief. But no sooner had they begun to
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Argumentative Essay On Aliens
There are many mysteries of the vast fascination of the existence of extraterrestrial beings. Numerous people all around the world believe that the
human race has been visited by life forms not from this earth. For many years now scientist from all around the globe have been studying and
researching crash sites, crop circles, alien abduction victims, etc. Countless people are very naГЇve or blind to the fact of extraterrestrial life forms and
do not want to believe that we aren't the only ones, but in this paper there is backed up facts and amazing discoveries that will make those people
believe otherwise. From a recent online article, the "RT News English" states "fossilized algae recently discovered inside a Sri Lankan meteorite could
finally ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The idea of aliens is the skinny green creatures with big heads and huge black eyes. The only reason people think that is because that's what
society has made is to believe. Think way back to the 50's and 60's era when comic books and the idea of UFO's was popular. The government
made society believe that because they did not want to the public to know about top secret government operations about these aliens, and the same
thing happens even today. An online article from "examiner.com" says they have had an interview with Richard Hoover, an astrobiologist at
NASA. The article states "Hoover claims that in 2004, the mars rover, opportunity photographed what clearly looks like the fossilized remains of
crinoid, a marine animal that looks like a sea lily. Hoover showed its colleagues who immediately recognized the object as a crinoid. Page 1.
"...Hoover said that less than four hours after taking the photo, opportunity's rock abrasion tool ground the area where the possible fossil lay into
dust. He asked David McKay, the former chief astrobiologist at the Johnson Space Center, why this had been done. The response Hoover received
was less than satisfactory. Hoovers experiences while at NASA have convinced him that senior officials are making decisions that systematically
ignore and/or lead to the destruction of fossilized evidence of extraterrestrial life. Hoovers groundbreaking research and interview shows conclusive
proof has been found of micro bacterial extraterrestrial life, but NASA refuses to publicly acknowledge such a discovery." Page
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Chicago Fire Research Paper
On October 8, 1871, the infamous Chicago Fire ignited. Although the origins remain unexplainable, the ending result left Chicago in a catastrophic
mess. Roughly 300 people died and 17,450 buildings received mass amounts of damage during the fire. Over в…“ of the city appeared lost in ruins
and polluted rivers burst into flames. In addition, the city paid an estimated two hundred million dollars in repairs. 200 million dollars in 1871 would
equal over 3.9 billion dollars in 2018. This outbreak led to a 6–week drought and a lengthy period dominated by lawlessness and looting. The fire
remained blazing until October 10th, when water from Lake Michigan and rain extinguished the fire. The fire left one of the most prosperous cities in
a time of chaos ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A meteorite hitting the earth would appear burning while coming into the stratosphere of the earth. If the meteorite remained large enough to enter the
atmosphere and stay intact, the meteorite would stay large throughout its entry into the stratosphere and the troposphere. Only when the meteorite
reaches a couple of miles above the earth will it break up into many flaming pieces. At this height, the meteorite would spread out into a wide enough
radius to impact Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan. Since the troposphere only reaches 6 miles into the air, the meteor would have to break apart
in the stratosphere. If a meteor broke apart in the stratosphere, which lies 25 miles in the air, it would take a great effort for people to see the
chunks of meteor that would break off. When the meteor breaks apart in the air high into the stophospere, the chunks that would break off would
create a large enough radius to effect a large portion of the midwest. In the 1870's across the midwest, people could see forested land for miles.
The midwestern region of the United States has many hills and flat lands, along with some forests(Midwest 2). With a few forests scattered
throughout the area, a fire can happen quite often. Any slight little ember can cause a full blown wildfire. Especially when the leaves die and
crumble, they become even more vulnerable to fire. In October, when the cool air ripples through trees and grass, an ember can blow away, causing
fire in many places. If the meteor broke apart and landed in several areas across the midwest, fires can sprout up very
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Murchison Meteorite Research Paper
Since the 1960s, space scientists have suggested that comets, interplanetary dust particles and meteors brought with them gases and water into the
Earth's atmosphere. Comets are made of interstellar ice and dust. As they pass through the warm inner solar system, part of the frozen contents of the
comet boils away as dust and gas, some of which may get attracted by Earth's gravity into our atmosphere. In 1996 the US NASA announced that
fossilised evidence of ancient life was found in a meteorite originated in Mars, though the scientists could not prove it.
Analysis of the Murchison meteorite revealed many amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. The Murchison meteorite provided evidence that
organic molecules can be formed outside the
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Willamette Meteorite Essay
Meators hit earth very hard from where they come from theres no gravtiy and wheres no gravtiy? Ha you guessed it space! Metors fall from space
with no gravtiy causing them to get all the flueds that pass by. Witch sets them on fire and when they get to earth they cause a power explosion!
KABOOM! Some metors hit the same place so many times they have signs or it hits near that place a–lot just take a look at this!
Outer Space In My Yard
Difficulty
Easy
Material Availability
Common
Safety Issues
None
Objective
To gather meteorite dust from the yard to study materials from outer space.
Materials
Magnet, the stronger the better
Good magnifying glass, or microscope
Introduction
Thousands of tons of meteorites strike the earth every year. Some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What causes friction?
What are the most common types of meteorites?
Terms
Meteor: a piece of rock or stone in space
Meteorite: a meteor that enters the earth's atmosphere
Concepts
Because most meteorites are made largely of iron, larger meteorites can be detected and gathered with a metal detector. Much of the meteorite dust is
still magnetic and can be collected with a magnet.
Experimental Procedure
There are two possible procedures, wet and dry. The wet method takes longer because of the time needed for the water to evaporate, but brings a greater
concentration of meteorite dust.
Wet
Place a bucket under a down spout at the beginning of a rain.
After the rain has collected, set aside and allow the sediment to settle.
Carefully pour off the clear water, and keep as much sediment as possible.
Allow water to evaporate.
If necessary, crush the sediment into a fine powder.
Push a magnet through the dust to separate the iron–bearing particles.
View with a strong magnifying glass or microscope.
Dry
Tie twine to a strong magnet (the stronger the better).
Drag the magnet across the yard, or along a curb gutter to collect iron–bearing
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Research Paper On Domes
In the beginning a lot of people thought they were going to die. Hi I'm Maddie Baker and I am a survivor of a horrible event. In 2020 all the national
newsgroups were afraid their systems were picking up evidence of a 75 mile wide meteorite coming towards Earth. They said the meteorite would not
get to earth for another year or two. They also said it was possible for the meteorite to hit Mars or another planet before it got to Earth. I was 16 years
old at the time and I felt like my life was over already. I was convinced the we were going to die until the news said, "A man named Jim Wipan is
trying to make domes for people to live at if the meteorite hits Earth. He is willing to pay for them all to be built. The only downfall is he is saying
that you will have to bring 20 gallons of water and it cost 2500 dollars just as a tuition. Later you would have to pay up to 8000 dollars.
While I was listening to the news I was thinking what if my family and I could get a dome. Then the TV said how much the domes cost. Also I have
a family of four that means we would have to bring 80 gallons of water. Then I thought what if we make our one domes.
"We can make our own domes," my dad said.
"We don't have the money for that," my mom said with her voice of are you kidding me.
Finally I said. "We can still do it. If we charge less more... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The plan of the doms was for people to have a place to live if they survive. The domes were built to keep toxic air out also. We didn't what would
really happen if the meteorite hit Earth. We were hoping the domes would stand through the hit. We weren't totally sure they would work. We got
people to save food and water. Mostly water because we found a way to get food by building some domes for wild animals. Our domes didn't want to
have to eat domesticated animals. Jim Wipan still buits some domes for his family and they were going to eat domesticated if they had
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Essay On Fund Asteroid Studies
Should NASA ( National Aeronautics and Space Administration) fund asteroid studies that other people lead? In my opinion, I think that NASA
should fund other asteroid studies because if we are trying to go to Mars, then we need all the extra help we can get. If we have many people
exploring and learning space, then we can find more about space, maybe go to Mars earlier than we thought, and be more prepared. NASA should fund
asteroid studies because of our safety, resources, and our competitiveness and currency in the world.
If NASA funds asteroid studies then it will improve our safety because it can help predict when an asteroid is coming and can protect our society. It
also can help our animals and environment survive asteroid ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Evidence to show how harsh the meteor was to one of our resources is, " Later, when the team arrived at ground zero, they found the trees there
standing upright–but their limbs and bark had been stripped away. They looked like a forest of telephone poles." (Source: Tunguska Meteor Impact,
paragraph: 5). This is how much damage a meteor can do to our assets.
We can be more competitive and current in the world if NASA helps fund other asteroid studies. If we get more people to help research, unlock more
knowledge about asteroids, and what can help stand against them, we can be the first to find the piece of technology that prevents them from hitting
Earth. If we are the first country to prevent asteroids we can make more money and start helping other countries prevent them from impacting Earth.
The money also goes to help our technology more advanced and expand our knowledge. Evidence to show how much we can learn from our research
is, " At 7:17 a.m. (local Siberia time), at a height of about 28,000 feet, the combination of pressure and heat caused the asteroid to fragment and
annihilate itself, producing a fireball and releasing energy equivalent to about 185 Hiroshima bombs." (Source: Tunguska Meteor Impact, Para.: 10). If
we can be the first country on the moon, then why can't we be the first country to help prevent asteroids from hitting the Earth's surface?
I believe NASA should supply asteroid studies because of our
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Alabama Geology Report
As the appointed state geologist, Dr. Eugene Allen Smith spent his career surveying and studying Alabama's unique geology. Dr. Smith is credited with
the creation of the Alabama geological map in 1927. As a professor at the university, Dr. Smith could only do his research in the summer. During the
summer, Smith and his team would travel across the state surveying the land with the same tools modern geologists use today. This map became
crucial to Alabama's industrial development, as that it displayed the rocks and minerals available throughout the state. This map's accuracy allowed for
Alabamians to exploit the earth of it's minerals like iron and marble. Dr. Smith understood the importance of Alabama's natural history, and petitioned
the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The basilosaurus is a whale species that existed over 40 million years ago in the Paleogene period. These 90–feet–long whales swam in the warm,
shallow tropical seas. This species is especially common in the state of Alabama, as that the continental coast line once existed in the modern black
belt region. Similarly, the mosasaur was very common in Alabama. The mosasaur most closely relates to the snake or the lizard, with an average
length of 60 feet. The mosasaur had the ability to unhinge its jaw when it ate, as well as having teeth in the back of its throat in order to prevent prey
from climbing back out its mouth. The museum has one of the biggest collection of mosasaur remains. The museum also features remains from the ice
age. Notably, Alabama's climate during the ice age was that of a woodland, so many animals resided in the south. Similar to the modern elephant,
mastodon and mammoth remains have been found in Alabama. Animals that still exist today like bison, sloths, and horses existed during the ice age
as well. This reality demonstrates how species adapt to their climate, regardless of how extreme these changes might be. The Alabama Natural History
Museum represents a unique aspect of Alabama's history that is often overlooked. Alabama's rich geological and archeological history has created the
ecosystem we know today, yet is rarely explored by the common Alabama citizen. Regardless,
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Effects Of Water On Mars
Mars, a planet made of volcanic basalt rock as the soil on mars is like talcum powder. The red planet is a great discovery as several ask questions
such as, "Is there water on mars?" Or "Is there any life on Mars?" Well after Earth was formed, Mars was the planet containing a higher percentage that
is with a hostable climate than any other planet is the solar system. Outflow channels and other geologic features provide ample evidence that billions
of years ago liquid water flowed on the surface of Mars. (https://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msp98/why.html) As said in the article water was on the red planet
billions of years ago. But, was life? As a child growing up, not everyone would have thought this but maybe they did. We believed that there were
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Taking a Look at Tunguska Explosion
In June of 1908, a fireball descended towards Earth leaving a fiery white trail in its path. It landed in Siberia but it wasn't like any other asteroid.
This one appeared to have exploded in mid air causing Hiroshima like effects. There is no evidence that it hit Earth, but there is a crater shaped lake
about five miles from where the suspected spot it landed. The fire ball left thousands of trees on fire, seemingly blowing over millions. This force
killed local people as well as animals and there is only one thing that we can conclude about it... it was an asteroid.
At exactly 7:17 A.M. local time on June 30,1908 an asteroid came plummeting down toward Earth's surface. This occurrence happened around the
Podkamennaya Tunguska River in Russia. "Recent scientific studies by meteorite researcher Christopher Chyba have estimated that the Tunguska event
may have been caused by the explosion of a stony meteorite about 30 meters in diameter traveling at about 15 km/s. Compare the energy released by
such an object with that of an atomic bomb such as those dropped on Japan in World War II." (Planetary Science Institute) Although it took scientists
many years after the explosion to get out to the suspected site of where it landed, they are not able to find any evidence of it hitting Earth.
Reports have been taken about the effects of the explosion. They have done things that would have been thought impossible."One older man at about
this distance was reportedly blown
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Allende's Role In Planetary Science
Hidden behind its seemingly simple structure chondrite, meteorites of Allende event remain an unsolved contradiction for planetary scientists and
physicists about their origin, but hint them that better understanding those rocks might be an all–important key for unwinding the unraveled puzzles
going back to the creation of the universe. The fascination with chondrites mainly stems from their presumed ancient history. Empowered with a
contemporary technological advancement of the twenty–first century, like Electronic Backscatter diffraction method (Sephton, 38), planetary physicists
stole the headlines by announcing that those rocky visitors might have their origins as back as 4 billion years when our solar system was either very
young or might have not yet been formed. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even more breathtaking possibility is the voyage in time that those finds present to the scientific world.
The duality of simplicity and mystery reiterate the importance of understanding those visitors from space and time. Even common chondrites like
Allende play such a significant role in raising the awareness in astronomy on one side by expanding the interest in collecting cosmic relics, but more
importantly in lifting the interest and curiosity of the public in deepening the research in the astronomy field.
Undoubtedly, credit has to be given to the Earth's atmosphere, which played its important role in breaking the Allende meteorite monolith to smaller
pieces. It's only to be speculated about the extent of possible devastation that the planet could suffer if all of the material that has been collected, have
reached the ground as a single piece. Scientist's calculation point to a minimum estimation of around 4 tons of meteorite specimens with various sizes,
and luckily, this cosmic rock never reaches the surface in one
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H. P. Lovercraft's Colour Out Of Space
Introduction
In the "Colour Out of Space" by H.P. Lovercraft, the meteor that hit earth was the strangest thing the town of Arkham had ever seen. Something else
had also came down that day, other than that rock. The meteorite had hit earth without any warning and it had frightened the people very much. The
scientists tried to figure out what the rock thing was but they had no clue, and it was just so strange for the people of Arkham.
Town of Arkham #1 These are reasons why the town of Arkham is a spooky place. Ammi was telling the surveyer that "[i]t happened in the eighties,
and a family had disappeared or was killed" (Lovecraft, 1927, p. 2). If i was the surveyer i would feel the chills down my back and would want to
leave. Ammi said how ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Reports showed that the Mcgregor boys were shooting woodchucks and it had a spooky deformed face that scared them away (Lovecraft, 1927, p. 5).
This shows that this meteorite had something to do with it and now it is contaminating the animals. Nahum also said how their pigs turned a color of
grey, and their body would fall apart before they would even die (Lovecraft, 1927, p. 10). This proves that maybe the gardners should move before
all of their cattle get infected too. Nahum had noticed "[s]omething had snapped in their brains, and one had to be shot for its own good" (Lovecraft,
1927, p. 9). This proves that the animals are no good anymore, and what will happen
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The Origin Of Life Terrestrial Or Extraterrestrial Essay
Introduction There is no one universally accepted paradigm for the origin of life. Rather, there are two competing schools of thought that debate the
question: Was the origin of life terrestrial or extraterrestrial? Both of these theories recognize that life must have been synthesized under natural
conditions, that molecules organized themselves into the first molecular system, that atmospheric oxygen and ozone were rare, and that electrical
activity may have produced monomers. The scientific and technological advancements that have emerged as a result of investigations into the origin of
life have profoundly impacted our society and our knowledge of life, space, and cosmochemistry. Early Emergence of Cosmochemistry and
Sociopolitical Hindrance The list of cosmic abundances was compiled by Victor Goldschmidt in 1938 and concluded that "Extraterrestrial material must
also be included to produce the most accurate and robust data" (Citation). The template for life remained unknown to society, so a broad approach to
include both terrestrial and extraterrestrial sources was imperative to the investigation into the origin of life. Unfortunately, the Great Depression
diverted society's attention towards surviving through the low living standards, so there was an overall disinterest in anything scientific. Although
World War II lifted society out of the Great Depression and brought many scientific advancements related to warfare, no breakthroughs in interstellar
science and
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Should Nasa Fund Asteroid Studies
Should N.A.S.A. Fund Asteroid Studies?
Should NASA fund asteroid studies? NASA (the National Aeronautics and Space Administration) This has been debated for an elongated time. Many
people believe that NASA should put money into the studies. Their would be many benefits to this. What do you think? I ThinkNASA should fund
asteroid studies for countless reasons. Many people including myself believe this because it could help our economy. According to NASA.Gov "the
meteorites could contain precious metals, minerals, and even new elements that could be added to the periodic table" They could be used on Earth with
trade value. This would give The U.S a humongous boost around 10 billion dollars to our GDP (gross domestic product value). The asteroid
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
On February 15 2013 a meteor streaked across sky and...
On February 15 2013 a meteor streaked across sky and exploded over Chelyabinsk, Russia. It set off one of the largest explosion of its kind,
according to Western scientists. Flying glass and debris caused most of the injuries from the meteor strike. The shock wave violently jolted the city of
Chelyabinsk. Coincidently, it hit on the same day that astronomers were watching another large rock pass Earth by just 17,200 miles. As it turns out,
the Earth getting hit by meteorites isn't so unusual. The meteor was most likely made of stony materials and not solid metal. The meteor exploded 12
to 15 miles above Earth's surface due to the rise in pressure. Experts estimated that it released the energy of 300,000 to 500,000 tons of TNT. As a...
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Mostly they land in the ocean. So it's not necessarily a top news story. The average meteorite enters the atmosphere and burns up. The largest meteors
rapidly slow down because of atmospheric friction and hit the Earth's surface. However meteorites larger than a few hundred tons are slowed very
little and make large craters. Calculations based on the observed number of asteroids suggest that we should expect about 3 large meteors to hit the
Earth every million years. This is in good agreement with the geologic record. It is more difficult to compute the frequency of larger impacts but once
per 100 million years seems like a reasonable guess.
People recorded this meteor strike which made it so unusual. In Russia, an estimated one million motorists have dash cams in their cars. The dash
cameras are popular for one big reason: ensuring justice when they have an accident while driving. Last year, the newspaper Al Jazeera spoke with
motorists who drove with cameras. One driver said "that police officers are only on the roads to take bribes, bending traffic laws–or ignoring them
completely to benefit themselves.". According to them, a camera will save you from false accusations. The motorists went on to say, "In Russia,
everyone should have a camera on their dashboard. It's better than keeping a lead pipe under your seat for protection".
Meteorites hit the Earth every day, what made this event so unusual is the fact that it happened in a large city and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
A Meteor will Strike the Earth and Destroy All Life Forms...
A Meteor will Strike the Earth and Destroy All Life Forms
"With millions and millions of meteors hurtling around in our solar system, there's always a chance that one could hit Earth at any moment. But
what would be the consequences and how would the Earth be affected if one does happen to hit? If an object from space hit the sea, a huge tidal
wave would be formed, hundreds of meters high, which would leave most of the world under water for a period of time, destroying and killing
everything in it's way. This would have a catastrophic effect on the Earth, as most people would be killed, and leaving countries powerless, unable to
do anything. Crops would also be destroyed, starvation would kill all of the survivors, homes would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Scientists have never proven this to be 100 % true, but it is one of the beliefs on how the dinosaurs became extinct. Both scientists and paleontologists,
feel that a meteor must of hit Earth, a few million years ago, killing the dinosaurs. The meteor that might of wiped out the dinosaurs also could have
brought about the ice age, because of the huge dust cloud that was thrown into the air.
Also, even though this meteor strike never hit Earth, the world watched in awe as thousands of meteors hit the planet Jupiter two years ago. For about
one week, many meteors collided into Jupiter causing huge craters on it's surface. If the meteors hit the Earth instead of Jupiter––the world might have
been destroyed. Almost every American has to know of the crater in Arizona. About
49,000 years ago, a 150 foot meteor hit into the present day state of Arizona. This is the biggest crater in the United States.
Throughout time, there have been many meteors that have hit
Earth causing great damage, but the scary thing is that there are still trillions and trillions of meteors right outside our planet. In the Milky Way, the
Earth is one of the planets with the greatest chance of getting hit by a meteor. The Earth is only one planet away from the Asteroid Belt, which is
located between Mars and Jupiter. At any moment, a meteor could break free and head straight towards Earth. With millions of meteors located in this
belt there is
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
The Solar System In The 1930's
Most people in their lives have seen a shooting star and exclaimed, "Make a Wish!" However, this so called "shooting star" is actually the clue to
how the solar system was created. While this rock object is in space it is called a meteoroid, and then it is called a meteor when it enters a planetary
atmosphere. The friction of the meteoroid created by the incoming velocity causes it to heat up quickly, and in result a bright flash of light. As noted
above, this is what people see when watching the sky. In addition, meteorites gave the first knowledge about abundances of chemical elements in the
solar system in the 1930s through 1950s. Meteorites are the most ancient rocks known to mankind and have helped pave the way in the study of the
formation
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Essay on Life on Martian Meteorites
ABSTRACT In this paper, the great dispute of whether or not there is real evidence of life on martian meteorites is discussed. Findings of carbon
globules, nanocrystal magnetites, and rod–shaped objects on ALH84001, Nakhla and Yamata 593 suggest biogenic processes once occurred on Mars.
Furthermore, past atmospheric conditions and a current abundance of methane gas build more justification to martian life. Many of these discoveries
are accused of being accounted for by either terrestrial contamination or abiotic processes, but composition analysis and model experiments show that
contamination cannot be held fully responsible. It is concluded that martian meteorites do provide insight and valid evidence for extraterrestrial life....
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1996). Confirmation of these biological artefacts is important as it would finally resolve the debate of the century. The breakthrough of fossilized
nanobacteria on martian meteorites was the first real evidence supporting life beyond our planet, escalating the already controversial subject. It has
allowed fantasies of aliens and U. F. O.'s to essentially become a reality. Although many continue to disagree with this statement and accuse findings to
be irrelevant, further research on the composition Mars and its meteorites have provided justice to extraterrestrial life.
MARS AND ITS ATMOSPHERE Before even considering extraterrestrial life in the first place, the necessary elements must be available. As
mentioned above, the red planet was once warmer and wetter, providing ideal conditions for life. The availability of water is of utmost importance
when regarding life. On Mars' surface, the existence of carved channel networks provides evidence for possible floods in the past (Baker 2001). In
addition, the presence of "contraction–crack polygons" cover great distances over the martian landscape and mimic terrestrial ice–wedge terrains of
permafrost regions (Baker, V. R. 2001). It is also uncratered, signifying potential water associated activities in the recent past. The atmosphere on Mars
used to be much thicker than it is presently. The extensive
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Magma Contamination And Sulfide Immiscibility Of The...
MAGMA CONTAMINATION AND SULFIDE IMMISCIBILITY OF THE METEORIC IMPACT ZONE IN THE SUDBURY NI
–CU DEPOSITS:
ONTARIO, CANADA
WILLIAMS, Jane B. (University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire, willijan@uwec.edu)
Sudbury, Canada is the location of a world class Ni–Cu deposit phenomena. Numerous studies have produced an explanation for the complex evolution
of its deposition and enrichment thanks to the impaction of a meteorite 1.85 million years ago. The impact of the meteorite is thought to have caused
fracturing that led to the generation of magma from deep in the crust that helped in later filling the crater and producing the igneous complex (Faggart
et. al., 1985). The igneous complex (Figure 1a) has an elongated shape (60 km long and 27 km wide) with circular deposits surrounding it similar to a
bulls–eye. Evidence of the meteoric impact includes brecciation located in the center of the basin (Onaping Formation), deformation of the margin of
the intrusive complex (Huronian Group), shatter cones, and pseudotachylite. The meteor is thought to have flash melted the crust which proceeded to
differentiate into a granophyre and a leuconorite to norite composition. The granophyre makes up 60% of the complex and the leuconorite and norite
make up the remaining 40% (Figure 1b)(Barnes et. al., 2005). About 50% of the ore is found in the sublayer norite and the breccia that is associated
with the norite. This ore is mainly disseminated sulphides. The massive sulphides are located in the center
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Murder By Space Rock Research Paper
Murder by Space Rock
Michael Bucks
10/1/2015
NSCI–3340–20
Space. The final frontier. There are approximately one hundred billion galaxies in the universe with many solar systems in each galaxy and many
planets within those solar systems (How do we...). The Milky Way Galaxy is close to 100,000 light years in diameter(Diep) with each light year
spanning 5.87849981 x 10^12 miles . In comparison, the earth is only 7,917.5 miles in diameter(Coffey). Within and on the earth itself, there are still
great mysteries, and so it comes as no surprise that a giant area such as space holds so much mystery. One of the most recent fascinations to
astronomers has been asteroids, meteors, meteorites, and comets. These space rocks are found ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now that we can observe earth from outer space, we can find impact crater's on the earth's surface. The three largest craters are found in Ontario,
Canada , Vredefort, South Africa and the Chicxlub crater (Carter). All three of these craters are massive and the Chicxlub crater has been
hypothesized to have destroyed the dinosaurs. According to Charles S. Quoi, in order to make an impact the size of the Chicxlub crater, an asteroid
would have had to have been at least six miles in diameter and hit earth at a speed of 12.4 miles per second. In comparison, the largest fragment of
SL9 to hit Jupiter was slightly more than 2 miles in diameter (Koppes). To answer our question then, yes, meteorite's have collided with earth, but will
they again
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War On Pods Analysis
The war of the world's is a story based off in london around the 19th century. It was all peaceful there until they saw what they thought was a falling
meteorite but was actually alien pods. When the main character and his brother and hundreds of other curious people went to check out the falling
meteorite they realized that it wasn't a falling meteorite and that they were metal pods but they had no clue what was in them. After a couple of days
the pods begin to start to opening up and grew tentacle arms and the pods stood up hundreds of feet in the air. The martians started the attack onearth by
shooting down heat rays down on the city killing people all around. With all the panicking going on throughout london, the narrator and his brother
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Who Is The Perseid Meteor Shower?
It is believed that thousands of meteorites weighing around a pound each impact the Earth every year, but it usually goes unnoticed because the small
rocks land in unpopulated areas such as large forests or open ocean. Meteoroids are residual chunks of ice and rock from comets or asteroids, but once
they enter Earth's atmosphere they are called meteors. They do not receive the meteorite name until they make an incredibly long journey through
Earth's atmosphere and touch down onto Earth's surface. It is thought that around 90 to 95 percent of meteors burn up in Earth's atmosphere. The
Perseid meteor shower is the most popular meteor shower of the year because of its breathtaking show around August 11 and 12. Comet Swift–Tuttle is
responsible for the Perseid meteor shower. Its fragile ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most damage is actually caused by a shock wave that is produced from a meteor that breaks apart in Earth's atmosphere. In 2013, the Chelyabinsk
meteor broke apart around 15 miles above the ground and created a shockwave that is equivalent to a 500–kiloton explosion and it injured around
1,600 people. Unfortunately, astronomers cannot predict meteorite impacts because they are too small to detect and the large ones that can be seen are
too unpredictable. Meteoroids that are made of stronger materials like that of an asteroid and meteors approaching Earth slowly are the ones that
usually have a better chance of impacting the ground. Luckily, around 90 to 95 percent of meteors never reach the ground. One interesting thing is that,
Earth has actually seen meteorites from the moon and Mars. Impacts from meteoroids on the surface of the moon and Mars have sent chunks of the
surface flying into space and eventually some of them find their way to Earth. When meteorites are not causing damage or harming people, they do
provide a beautiful light show and they provide scientists with an opportunity to study the composition of comets, asteroids, the moon, and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Argumentative Essay: Are Aliens Real?
One of the biggest questions on Earth to date is "Are aliens real?" Years and years ago people have been starting to ask if aliens are real judging by
events that can lead to proof. Evidence ranging from abductions, UFO sightings, and even experiments show that aliens do in fact exist. On the
night of July 2, 1947 Mac Brazel, a farmer from Roswell, heard a huge explosion near his ranch. Mac later told the sheriff and described it as if was
not from this planet. The day after the UFO crashed Barney Barnett, a person who had seen the crash site, was followed by archaeology students to see
what was wrong with the UFO since there was light beaming off of it. What they saw under the UFO were three bodies with unusually large heads
and slanted eyes. Another person had seen the same thing. This time it was World War II hero, Captain Henderson. When Henderson flew the strange
bodies to Texas he was told not share any information. Before he died, he told his wife that he saw basically the same thing as Barnett, tiny creatures
with big heads and slanted eyes. It is very rare to be told that someone has actually seen small ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Doctor Roger Leir is a surgeon who's job is to remove alien implants from humans. During his 30 years of being a surgeon he had found 16
implants. His most recent discovery was a piece of meteorite found in a woman's leg who had claimed she was abducted. Before his surgery, Leir
saw that there was no scar or open wound that the meteorite could have been placed in. Leir described the material as if it was basically a meteorite.
As you know, meteorites don't come from Earth. They are found in space. An alien easily could have "abducted" this woman and planted this meteorite
inside of her possibly for experiments. While it is not sure why exactly this implants are in humans, we know that there is a good chance that alien life
had placed implants into innocent
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Apophis Meteorite is Barrelling towards Earth
A 325 meter long meteorite by the name of Apophis is due to fly by Earth in 2029 and will come back around in 2036, but will miss again. At least it
is predicted to miss, but then might return in 2068. According to NASA, the chance of the collision happening in 2068 is predicted to be at
approximately 1 in 300,000 of hitting Earth, straight on. You decide if that sounds like an intimidating chance. Personally, I don't think it's worth the
risk, however small. We have options. We could just stay here and hope for the best as pollution gets worse andglobal warming rises, or we could
colonize Mars. Take into consideration that Mars is not only one of our closest neighboring planets, but also has similar conditions to Earth. I know, it
sounds all dusty and dry, but that doesn't mean we can't make a few Earth–like changes. This is terraforming, changing another planet with potential for
life to fit the needs of us humans. By terraforming Mars, we will be able to colonize it to ensure safety for the human race. Because we all want to be
safe right?
Turn on the news, or the weather channel. You will see something like, Snowstorm shuts down power, or tornado warning, remember to stay in your
basement. Trust me, it could be worse. According to National Geographic, the dormant, yet potentially species killing supervolcano under Yellowstone
could rain down ash and debris over hundreds and hundreds of miles across the country, worse yet, the chances of it exploding in our lifetime is
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Ringwoodite
For centuries, humans thought that the center of the Earth was hollow, but here's how we know it's not. Most data that we have found about the
interior has come from the study of seismic waves. From that, we've learned that the internal area of the Earth is made out of solids and liquids.
However, there is other materials that are available that show us what the Earth interior is composed of. Three additional ways that scientists study the
interior of the Earth are the diamond that came from the mantle, studying of neighboring planets, and meteorites. One technique that scientist use to
know what is in the interior of the earth is a rare diamond from the mantle. This diamond "encloses a tiny piece of an olivine mineral called
ringwoodite." Pearson's team found that ringwoodite was 1% of water by weight, he also said that even though it doesn't sound like much, but, when
you realize how much ringwoodite there is, it could amount to all of the Earth's oceans put together. Therefore, I can conclude that a technique that
scientist use, such as Pearson, used the rare diamond contained of ringwoodite to confirm that there is an abundant amount of water in our mantle. ...
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How we know what our planet's density is because of over "300 years ago Sir Isaac Newton calculated the Earth's core density by observing the
movement of planets and the force of gravity." Still today, his observations are correct "his observations remain largely correct today, and monitoring
of the Earth in space, as well as the behavior of the moon and planets, continues to provide information about the relative density of the Earth's core and
its composition." Consequently, the study of neighboring planets has helped us discover the density of Earth's
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The Discovery Of The Viking Lander Experiment
Research was conducted following the failure to find life on Mars in the Viking Lander experiment, by NASA Space Center's very own Dr. McKay
and a team of scientists. They wanted to know if there was life on Mars that wasn't found in the Viking Lander experiment so they were looking to
find life in places other than soil. Sources about possible ancient martian life is in the SNC (Shergotty–Nakhla–Chassigny) class of meteorites that
came to Earth following impact events on Mars. (McKay et al 1996) ALH84001 is recognized to be one of the oldest pieces of the Solar system,
crystallized more than 4 billion years ago it is thought to have originated from Mars from a time when water existed on the planets surface. The theory
is that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The team identified the meteorite as an igneous rock that has fractures that were once filled with carbon dioxide rich fluid (McKay et al 1996) They
went on to present 4 lines of evidence:
Evidence
1.The fractures contained disk–shaped carbonate globules 20–250 microns across with alternating rims rich in iron and magnesium. The globules,
located along the walls of the cracks in ALH84001, formed later than the rock itself.
2.ALH84001 contained magnetite (Fe3O4) crystals and other minerals (iron sulphide) compatible with biological origins.
3.The meteorite also contained organics associated with life – polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
4.Electron microscope images of ALH84001 showed nanometre scale structures resembling fossilized microbes.
(McKay et al 1996)
Or in simpler terms
1)the meteorite and calcium carbonate it contains came from Mars
2)The mineralogy and chemistry of the carbonate globules are compatible with biologic origin
3)The meteorite contains organic material from mars
4)There are micro–fossils in the globules
(NASA 2003)
Media and dismissal of Evidence
The media coverage of the situation caused controversy as you can imagine, people instantly said that the fossils were the first true evidence of other
worldy life and it
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Murchison Meteorite
All cell membranes of today are composed of phospholipid bilayers and membrane–bound proteins. In the early RNA world proteins were not in
existence and although phospholipids spontaneously self–assemble, they are believed to be too complex to have sufficient availability on early Earth.
Single–chain amphiphiles such as fatty acids, fatty alcohol, and monoglycerides also have the inherent ability to coalesce because of their bipolar
nature and were confirmed to be existent by the Murchison meteorite. Monocarboxylic acids were found in excess on the meteorite and the physical
properties of the vesicles they form were studied. The length and degree of unsaturation of the hydrocarbon chain affects vesicle permeability and
stability properties.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The bipolar nature of lipids permits self–assembly but also authorizes free diffusion polar solutes. As the chain length of the hydrocarbons decreases,
permeability increases to allow larger ionic substances through the membrane. The short–chain monocarboxylic acids demonstrated the ability to
contain polymeric macromolecules products but also grant entry of large ionic molecular reactants such as ADP. Although short
–chain amphiphiles are
less stable, the permeability properties of these vesicles allows essential exchange between the external environment and the microenvironment that
permits internal
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Summary Of Meteorite Mountain By Bii Big Sister
In the story, "Meteorite Mountain" by Can Xue we get an insight look at Little sister's and Big sister's relationship. We see that both characters are
opposites and they do not see eye to eye on everything, but they accept the fact that they are not the same and that neither one or the other is going
to change. Their relationship helps us see the struggle within ourselves of whether we should follow our heart or listen to what our mind is telling
us like in the excerpt above Little sister followed her heart and found what she was looking for while Big sister finally understands the way Little
sister thinks and, " there was nothing she could not do" (37). This conflict of views is essential to the story because we see that Big sister tends to
use her mind to make decisions and she's more serious and not as opened minded as Little sister, but Little sister on the other hand is more open
minded and decides follows her heart.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I think in the end Big sister understands why Little sister left her and it was because she, "found what she had been looking for all her life" (37).
She found love not only for Huimin, but also for the mountain itself. Deep down I think Big sister is jealous of Little sister. In the passage Big
sister says, "I even think it's fortunate little sister is married off to that place" (36). Big sister is jealous that Little sister just goes for it and follows
her heart while she cannot because she must think everything out so for her to just take a leap of faith and follow her heart is not something she would
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

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Moon Landing Research Paper Proves Historic Event

  • 1. Moon Landing Research Paper Most people take for granted that the US moon landing really did happen. Surprisingly, there are many who believe that the entire event was completely staged. In fact, if one were to google the moon landing, they would discover there are countless websites devoted to both sides of this argument. The purpose of this essay is to settle this question and provide undeniable proof that on July 20, 1969 the Apollo 11 team made history and put the first man on the moon. The Apollo program was an aggressive push to put a man on the moon before the end of the 1960s and before the Russians. The moon landing was broadcasted live, so why would it be faked? An estimated 600 million people watched the moon landing. On July 20, 1969, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The Bochum Observatory director ,Professor Heinz Kaminski, was able to provide confirmation of events and data that was independent of both the Russian and U.S. space agencies. A compilation of sightings appeared in "Observations of Apollo 11" (Sky and Telescope magazine, November, 1969). Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)SELENE lunar probe obtained several photographs showing evidence of Moon landings. A total of 382 kilograms (842 lb) of Moon rocks and dust were collected during the Apollos 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17 missions. Some 10 kg (22 lb) of the Moon rocks have been used in hundreds of experiments performed by both NASA researchers and planetary scientists at research institutions unaffiliated with NASA. These experiments have confirmed the age and origin of the rocks as lunar, and were used to identify lunar meteorites collected ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 2. Abiotic Synthesis And The Deep Sea Vent Hypotheses Although both abiotic synthesis and the deep–sea vent hypotheses argue the environment of a primordial–Earth was required for the origin of life, the two hypotheses have their differences. In general, the abiotic synthesis hypothesis describes the process of how organic compounds can be created from inorganic compounds, while the deep–sea vent hypothesis argues a possible scenario where life may have originated from inorganic compounds. While the term "primordial soup" has been used to describe abiotic synthesis, the same term has been used to describe the extreme environment surrounding hydrothermal vents. In Stanley Miller's experiment, Bada and Lazcano (2008, p.745) argue, Miller showed abiotic synthesis took place by introducing an electric current to a circulating mixture of pressurized "CH4, NH3, H20, and H2." However, samples of both types of hydrothermal vents show different mixtures than that of Miller's experiment. Although the LCHF lacks CO2, according to William Martin, John Baross, Deborah Kelley, and Michael J. Russell (2008, p.806) the compound was not used in Miller's experiment, but the vent did release ample amounts of H2 and CH4, which were used in Miller's experiment. Black smokers, on the other hand, give off H2, but also release CO2 and H2S (Martin et al., 2008, p.806). The two hypotheses agree that life on Earth originated around roughly 3.8 billion years ago. Another similarity between the two hypotheses is both argue the precursors of life are ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 3. Similarities And Differences In The Space Rock There are similarities and differences between how the dad in "The Space Rock" acts at the beginning and end of the story. Both the dad's actions at the beginning and end of the story decline big offers and ideas of making money off of the meteorite. But, the two of the dad's actions have differences as well, at the beginning the dad is outstanded by how much money he can make off of the meteorite. At the end though, the dad is grateful about the opportunity and he gives the rock to his hometown. The dad in "The Space Rock" has similarities and differences in his actions in the beginning and end. A similarity between the dad's actions at the beginning and the end of "The Space Rock" is that both of the dad's actions ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 4. It Moved, Why Was It Move? It moved, why was it moving? That should not have been moving, well not on it's own anyway. When I first noticed it, I thought I was imagining things. It was not something that was to be expected of it when it we never saw it moved. The needle that my partner and I installed haven't moved since the installment. I scrambled to reach a nearby phone to contact the her. She must be informed about this development right away. "Elisa. It's happening. I–it's moving! I don't know why it's happening now after this long of inactivity. That should not even be alive right now. Please just hurry over," I quickly stammered out to my partner, excited at first but fear overtook it with a sinking feeling. My eyes trailed the cords connected to the glass ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... My ears picked up my partner's movements but her movement quieted to a subtle beat of my heart growing louder in my head. Chills creeped up my arms and a shuttered formed at my already cold lips. There was something very wrong indeed about this. This never should have happened, nothing should have survived on this without showing life before. Out of the corner of my eye, Doctor Elisa was doing some of the standard tests after removing the meteorite out of it's secured casing. I reached out to my clipboard and trailed over what Elisa and I have discovered so far about it. 3.8 percent of iron, 6.2 percent of nickel, and the last of common rocks that earth consists of. There wasn't much unusual about besides that it looked slightly different of other meteorites that have been discovered and it was large enough to leave a small crater in the ice and snow. I force myself to look back up to Elisa and the meteorite. As if out of a moment's notice or some other weird reason, as if looking at them made me start to feel nauseated. I pushed the feeling down, I couldn't let it bother me now. I stood and paced up besides Elisa. Something seem to hit me though looking back at it. It seemed... smoother... than the normal meteorite. I don't know why neither of us noticed that before nor why it seemed to just chill the room and make me sick. "There seems to be nothing new about our ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 5. Analyzing The Video 'Formation Of Earth' Mindi Reynolds GEO 120 6/1/2017 Earth is Born Origins Nova Neil DeGrasse Tyson HD 1080p In this video we were able to learn about the such violent beginnings of earth and its first billion years, which is a time of continuous catastrophe. We were also made knowledgable how each catastrophe lead us to where we are today. Despite such violent beginnings, scientists have found new clues that life–giving water and oxygen appeared on our planet much earlier than previously thought. The video summarizes the creation of earth by comparing it to a 24 hour day. This timeline gives us the order of the creation and helps us learn more about earth. The beginning of the formation of Earth started from solar system dust grains which would of collided and gained mass all ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... They also state the average age of most meteorites discovered is 4.6 Billion years old. 90 other elements were found in the meteorite, it gave them the basic chemical fingerprint of early earth. The video also describes the theory of the Iron Catastrophe, thought to have occurred almost 50 million years after Earth's formation, when internal heat from trapped radioactive elements and external heat from surface collisions caused the planet's iron to melt, sink, and form Earth's core, this catastrophe allowed life to flourish. tells how convection currents in Earth's core generate the planet's magnetic field and relates the migration of Earth's magnetic north pole. The movement of the pole is picking up speed over the years and will continue to pick up speed. looks at one theory of how the moon formed which was through a massive collision of Earth with a Mars–sized planetesimal created debris that combined to form the moon some 50,000 years after Earth formed. The moon started out very close to the earth and was making the earth spin faster due to the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 6. Developing A Way To Study Asteroids It has always been a worry of researchers that at any moment an asteroid may hit Earth and cause significant damage. Only recently (the past hundred years or so) have people been able to make equipment powerful enough to detect asteroids coming toward Earth and orbiting Earth. This is a very important step in preventing damage to our fragile planet. One of the first asteroids orbiting Earth discovered was 1 Ceres by Piazzi in 1801 (Gehrels, 1999). Since all of the asteroids back in the 1800's were found just by looking up at the sky, it was a very slow going process finding them. In 1891, Max Wolf decided that taking pictures of the asteroids would be a more efficient way of keeping track of them. He was correct. Just looking up at the night's sky was not good enough to see the asteroids (even with the lack of light pollution at the time). Taking a photo would not only help to see the asteroids better, but it would also help to find and identify any other objects that may have been in space at the time. In the 1900's asteroids were referred to as "minor planets". Around this time there were places in Berlin that would use available technology to compute the orbits of these asteroids. In 1957, scientists measured the very first cosmic ray exposure age of an asteroid (Gehrels, 1999). This is the time from which the asteroid breaks off from its place of origin to the time it reaches Earth. On June 30, 1908 above Siberia, an asteroid exploded in the sky. It was ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 7. Meteorite Case Study Top 10 Ski Jackets for 2017 Meteorite by Dynafit The meteorite is a light weight jacket. It has synthetic insulation as well as two layers of waterproof and breathable fabric. Pros It becomes warmer when it gets wet It features body mapped insulation It is super lightweight Cons Doesn't have vents It is a bit crinkly Is it Durable? The Meteorite has a mid–level durability. It comprises of two layers of Thermium fabric. This saves cost, makes the jacket lighter, and prevents compressed insulation. It is more durable than single–layer nylon jackets but it does fall short of those with three layers. Is it Weatherproof? The shell of the jacket is comparable to a rain coat in terms of water resistance. The Meteorite features synthetic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Pros It is made of durable and stretchy fabric The pit zippers go clear to hem It has large mesh interior pockets Cons The main zipper is too light Is it Durable? The Skyward's three–layer stretchy fabric is great stuff. It is a little thicker in construction than some shells, which makes it more durable. It should last a few seasons of daily use. Is it Weatherproof? Good to go: the Skyward checks all the waterproofing boxes–big hood, high collar, long sleeves, hem, and waterproof fabric.
  • 8. Overall The Skyward is a day–in–day–out ski shell, well equipped for riding lifts or for long tours in the backcountry. Outdoor Research saves a few bucks by not using a name–brand waterproof breathable (i.e. Goretex) and have built in some very nice and unique features. Pit zips that extend to the hems make this a wet–weather backcountry skiers dream. Wander by Trew The Wander from Trew is a minimal, superlight shell with an athletic cut, designed for backcountry use. Pros It has big pockets It is made of stretchy material It is made of lightweight material Cons The zippers are delicate There is no powder shirt Is it ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 9. Should Pluto Be Considered A Planet Should pluto be considered a planet In August 2006 pluto was downgraded to a dwarf planet and it is still considered to not be a planet. Do you think it should be considered a planet? Pluto should not be considered a planet in my opinion. There are 3 things a planet needs to be to be a planet, it has to be round, it has to orbit a star and it has to have cleared it's orbiting path.pluto fallows the first 2 rules but not the 3rd so pluto can not be considered a planet. All of the other planets follow these rules allowing them to be a planet so pluto only qualifies as a dwarf planet. There are 50 other dwarf planets like pluto do you want to have 50 planets in the solar system? If pluto was a still considered a planet there would be at ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 10. Planetary Disorders: The Solar System The solar system formed when a cloud of interstellar dust and gas collapsed. The oldest meteorite specimens are remnants of the very first geologic processes to occur in our solar system 4.6 billion years ago. Because the interstellar cloud had been slowly spinning, the result was a nearly flat rotating disk which is referred to as the solar nebula. Much of the dust and gas in the disk moved to the center of the nebula where it fed a growing protostar which eventually became our sun. The dust and gas remaining in the nebula was slowly assimilated to form primitive planetary material. Initially, nebular dust accreted to form small, loosely–bound balls of dust. These dust–balls encountered violent, high–temperature collisions and were melted, resulting in the formation of molten silicate and metal droplets. The molten droplets then cooled quickly and formed small millimeter–sized spheres of rock called chondrules. Meteorites containing these objects are called chondrites (Wood 2005). Meteoritic parent bodies produced in different regions of the solar nebula had slightly different chemical compositions and structural properties. This is probably because the small planetary bodies accreted throughout a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... This process is similar to planetary differentiation which formed the core of Earth, thus iron meteorites are considered equivalents for the Earth's core. Pallasites are another group of meteorites, which are intimate mixtures of silicate crystals and iron–rich metal, and are thought to represent regions where achondrite and iron meteorite magmas were partly separated, such as the core–mantle boundaries of planetesimals, and provide us vital information about the process of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 11. Meteorites: The Evolution Of The Solar System In Antarctica Antarctica has one of the harshest climate in the world, but many scientists go there to do research. Two of the thousands of mysteries that scientist are trying to solve in Antarctica are how the solar system formed and what the earth was like long ago. One of the mysteries scientist are trying to figure out in Antarctica is how the solar system formed. One of the clues scientists study to learn about the solar system is meteorites. Meteorites is a rock that have come from space and landed on earth. Meteorites are easy to find in Antarctica because the continent is covered in white and blue ice. Meteorites have an uneven and glossy surface, and they are dark, so they contrast with the snow and ice. Some of the Meteorites found in Antarctica ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 12. Akdj Learning Module 3 Connor MacLeod 100254620 The first video, The Solar Nebular Theory, describes the planetary formation through a collapsing cloud of dust and gas that spins in the same direction at a fast pace. Through angular momentum, as it collapses even more, it speeds up and flattens into a disk. As it flattens, the materials start to come together and planets start to form as well as a young star is created in the middle. What I liked about the video is how they used good analogies such as the pizza and the figure skater to get the idea of angular momentum across. What I didn't like about the video is how they didn't go more in depth about the other bodies that are created around the star. To make it better I would've used our... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The pull of Jupiter's gravity kept the particles accelerating so fast, they could never accrete. What I liked about the video is how it spent the most time discussing why the asteroid belt exists as that caught my attention the most in the textbook, where its only mentioned briefly. What I didn't like about the video is it didn't discuss the shapes and size of the asteroids themselves. To improve this video I would've added some interesting facts from the textbook such as some are asteroids are 200km in diameter. The 6th video is about comets. It talked about how civilization was influenced from comets and the association of comets to earth through religious or mythological oriented societies and how they were viewed as a bad omen. What I did not like about this video is how it did not describe at all what a comet is, or what it is made up of. They could make this video better by discussing the basics of a comet, not just the historic significance it played on our societies. That being said, what I did like about this video is the telling of how it played a role in our societies that if something bad happened, and a comet was in the sky, it started to be associated with each ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 13. Planet Earth Is Doomed Planet Earth is Doomed! Happy New Year! Lim, Zelda and Mateo were having a celebration as it was New Year's Eve, 2241, and they were meeting up at Mateo's house. When they had all had something to eat and drink they decided to put the TV on to watch some of the annual rocket and boulder race. Lim turned the TV on to Star channel. All of a sudden, there became an urgent news bulletin at the bottom of the TV which said, "DANGER" in big red letters. The newsreader looked horrified and bewildered, he looked like he had seen a ghost. The bulletin said that there was a meteorite coming to hit planet Earth. When all three boys saw the bulletin they looked at each other with stunned faces. What was going to happen to planet Earth? After very little sleep, the next morning Mateo quickly switched on the TV to see what the update was about the meteorite. When the Star News came up there was a journalist talking to four scientists about their discovery of the ... meteorite. The scientists' idea ...... was to put a laser beam around Earth. As Zelda and Lim woke up, Mateo was sitting on the edge of the couch. Zelda nervously asked Mateo what the news was about the meteorite and Mateo informed him about what was going on. At 7:00 that night the laser beam was due to be switched on. All three boys went outside and hopefully gazed at the night sky. All of a sudden, a bright green shine lit the horizon of the Earth. All three boys let out a sigh of relief. But no sooner had they begun to ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 14. Argumentative Essay On Aliens There are many mysteries of the vast fascination of the existence of extraterrestrial beings. Numerous people all around the world believe that the human race has been visited by life forms not from this earth. For many years now scientist from all around the globe have been studying and researching crash sites, crop circles, alien abduction victims, etc. Countless people are very naГЇve or blind to the fact of extraterrestrial life forms and do not want to believe that we aren't the only ones, but in this paper there is backed up facts and amazing discoveries that will make those people believe otherwise. From a recent online article, the "RT News English" states "fossilized algae recently discovered inside a Sri Lankan meteorite could finally ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The idea of aliens is the skinny green creatures with big heads and huge black eyes. The only reason people think that is because that's what society has made is to believe. Think way back to the 50's and 60's era when comic books and the idea of UFO's was popular. The government made society believe that because they did not want to the public to know about top secret government operations about these aliens, and the same thing happens even today. An online article from "examiner.com" says they have had an interview with Richard Hoover, an astrobiologist at NASA. The article states "Hoover claims that in 2004, the mars rover, opportunity photographed what clearly looks like the fossilized remains of crinoid, a marine animal that looks like a sea lily. Hoover showed its colleagues who immediately recognized the object as a crinoid. Page 1. "...Hoover said that less than four hours after taking the photo, opportunity's rock abrasion tool ground the area where the possible fossil lay into dust. He asked David McKay, the former chief astrobiologist at the Johnson Space Center, why this had been done. The response Hoover received was less than satisfactory. Hoovers experiences while at NASA have convinced him that senior officials are making decisions that systematically ignore and/or lead to the destruction of fossilized evidence of extraterrestrial life. Hoovers groundbreaking research and interview shows conclusive proof has been found of micro bacterial extraterrestrial life, but NASA refuses to publicly acknowledge such a discovery." Page ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 15. Chicago Fire Research Paper On October 8, 1871, the infamous Chicago Fire ignited. Although the origins remain unexplainable, the ending result left Chicago in a catastrophic mess. Roughly 300 people died and 17,450 buildings received mass amounts of damage during the fire. Over в…“ of the city appeared lost in ruins and polluted rivers burst into flames. In addition, the city paid an estimated two hundred million dollars in repairs. 200 million dollars in 1871 would equal over 3.9 billion dollars in 2018. This outbreak led to a 6–week drought and a lengthy period dominated by lawlessness and looting. The fire remained blazing until October 10th, when water from Lake Michigan and rain extinguished the fire. The fire left one of the most prosperous cities in a time of chaos ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... A meteorite hitting the earth would appear burning while coming into the stratosphere of the earth. If the meteorite remained large enough to enter the atmosphere and stay intact, the meteorite would stay large throughout its entry into the stratosphere and the troposphere. Only when the meteorite reaches a couple of miles above the earth will it break up into many flaming pieces. At this height, the meteorite would spread out into a wide enough radius to impact Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan. Since the troposphere only reaches 6 miles into the air, the meteor would have to break apart in the stratosphere. If a meteor broke apart in the stratosphere, which lies 25 miles in the air, it would take a great effort for people to see the chunks of meteor that would break off. When the meteor breaks apart in the air high into the stophospere, the chunks that would break off would create a large enough radius to effect a large portion of the midwest. In the 1870's across the midwest, people could see forested land for miles. The midwestern region of the United States has many hills and flat lands, along with some forests(Midwest 2). With a few forests scattered throughout the area, a fire can happen quite often. Any slight little ember can cause a full blown wildfire. Especially when the leaves die and crumble, they become even more vulnerable to fire. In October, when the cool air ripples through trees and grass, an ember can blow away, causing fire in many places. If the meteor broke apart and landed in several areas across the midwest, fires can sprout up very ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 16. Murchison Meteorite Research Paper Since the 1960s, space scientists have suggested that comets, interplanetary dust particles and meteors brought with them gases and water into the Earth's atmosphere. Comets are made of interstellar ice and dust. As they pass through the warm inner solar system, part of the frozen contents of the comet boils away as dust and gas, some of which may get attracted by Earth's gravity into our atmosphere. In 1996 the US NASA announced that fossilised evidence of ancient life was found in a meteorite originated in Mars, though the scientists could not prove it. Analysis of the Murchison meteorite revealed many amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. The Murchison meteorite provided evidence that organic molecules can be formed outside the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 17. Willamette Meteorite Essay Meators hit earth very hard from where they come from theres no gravtiy and wheres no gravtiy? Ha you guessed it space! Metors fall from space with no gravtiy causing them to get all the flueds that pass by. Witch sets them on fire and when they get to earth they cause a power explosion! KABOOM! Some metors hit the same place so many times they have signs or it hits near that place a–lot just take a look at this! Outer Space In My Yard Difficulty Easy Material Availability Common Safety Issues None Objective To gather meteorite dust from the yard to study materials from outer space. Materials Magnet, the stronger the better Good magnifying glass, or microscope Introduction Thousands of tons of meteorites strike the earth every year. Some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... What causes friction? What are the most common types of meteorites? Terms Meteor: a piece of rock or stone in space Meteorite: a meteor that enters the earth's atmosphere Concepts
  • 18. Because most meteorites are made largely of iron, larger meteorites can be detected and gathered with a metal detector. Much of the meteorite dust is still magnetic and can be collected with a magnet. Experimental Procedure There are two possible procedures, wet and dry. The wet method takes longer because of the time needed for the water to evaporate, but brings a greater concentration of meteorite dust. Wet Place a bucket under a down spout at the beginning of a rain. After the rain has collected, set aside and allow the sediment to settle. Carefully pour off the clear water, and keep as much sediment as possible. Allow water to evaporate. If necessary, crush the sediment into a fine powder. Push a magnet through the dust to separate the iron–bearing particles. View with a strong magnifying glass or microscope. Dry Tie twine to a strong magnet (the stronger the better). Drag the magnet across the yard, or along a curb gutter to collect iron–bearing ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 19. Research Paper On Domes In the beginning a lot of people thought they were going to die. Hi I'm Maddie Baker and I am a survivor of a horrible event. In 2020 all the national newsgroups were afraid their systems were picking up evidence of a 75 mile wide meteorite coming towards Earth. They said the meteorite would not get to earth for another year or two. They also said it was possible for the meteorite to hit Mars or another planet before it got to Earth. I was 16 years old at the time and I felt like my life was over already. I was convinced the we were going to die until the news said, "A man named Jim Wipan is trying to make domes for people to live at if the meteorite hits Earth. He is willing to pay for them all to be built. The only downfall is he is saying that you will have to bring 20 gallons of water and it cost 2500 dollars just as a tuition. Later you would have to pay up to 8000 dollars. While I was listening to the news I was thinking what if my family and I could get a dome. Then the TV said how much the domes cost. Also I have a family of four that means we would have to bring 80 gallons of water. Then I thought what if we make our one domes. "We can make our own domes," my dad said. "We don't have the money for that," my mom said with her voice of are you kidding me. Finally I said. "We can still do it. If we charge less more... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The plan of the doms was for people to have a place to live if they survive. The domes were built to keep toxic air out also. We didn't what would really happen if the meteorite hit Earth. We were hoping the domes would stand through the hit. We weren't totally sure they would work. We got people to save food and water. Mostly water because we found a way to get food by building some domes for wild animals. Our domes didn't want to have to eat domesticated animals. Jim Wipan still buits some domes for his family and they were going to eat domesticated if they had ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 20. Essay On Fund Asteroid Studies Should NASA ( National Aeronautics and Space Administration) fund asteroid studies that other people lead? In my opinion, I think that NASA should fund other asteroid studies because if we are trying to go to Mars, then we need all the extra help we can get. If we have many people exploring and learning space, then we can find more about space, maybe go to Mars earlier than we thought, and be more prepared. NASA should fund asteroid studies because of our safety, resources, and our competitiveness and currency in the world. If NASA funds asteroid studies then it will improve our safety because it can help predict when an asteroid is coming and can protect our society. It also can help our animals and environment survive asteroid ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Evidence to show how harsh the meteor was to one of our resources is, " Later, when the team arrived at ground zero, they found the trees there standing upright–but their limbs and bark had been stripped away. They looked like a forest of telephone poles." (Source: Tunguska Meteor Impact, paragraph: 5). This is how much damage a meteor can do to our assets. We can be more competitive and current in the world if NASA helps fund other asteroid studies. If we get more people to help research, unlock more knowledge about asteroids, and what can help stand against them, we can be the first to find the piece of technology that prevents them from hitting Earth. If we are the first country to prevent asteroids we can make more money and start helping other countries prevent them from impacting Earth. The money also goes to help our technology more advanced and expand our knowledge. Evidence to show how much we can learn from our research is, " At 7:17 a.m. (local Siberia time), at a height of about 28,000 feet, the combination of pressure and heat caused the asteroid to fragment and annihilate itself, producing a fireball and releasing energy equivalent to about 185 Hiroshima bombs." (Source: Tunguska Meteor Impact, Para.: 10). If we can be the first country on the moon, then why can't we be the first country to help prevent asteroids from hitting the Earth's surface? I believe NASA should supply asteroid studies because of our ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 21. Alabama Geology Report As the appointed state geologist, Dr. Eugene Allen Smith spent his career surveying and studying Alabama's unique geology. Dr. Smith is credited with the creation of the Alabama geological map in 1927. As a professor at the university, Dr. Smith could only do his research in the summer. During the summer, Smith and his team would travel across the state surveying the land with the same tools modern geologists use today. This map became crucial to Alabama's industrial development, as that it displayed the rocks and minerals available throughout the state. This map's accuracy allowed for Alabamians to exploit the earth of it's minerals like iron and marble. Dr. Smith understood the importance of Alabama's natural history, and petitioned the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The basilosaurus is a whale species that existed over 40 million years ago in the Paleogene period. These 90–feet–long whales swam in the warm, shallow tropical seas. This species is especially common in the state of Alabama, as that the continental coast line once existed in the modern black belt region. Similarly, the mosasaur was very common in Alabama. The mosasaur most closely relates to the snake or the lizard, with an average length of 60 feet. The mosasaur had the ability to unhinge its jaw when it ate, as well as having teeth in the back of its throat in order to prevent prey from climbing back out its mouth. The museum has one of the biggest collection of mosasaur remains. The museum also features remains from the ice age. Notably, Alabama's climate during the ice age was that of a woodland, so many animals resided in the south. Similar to the modern elephant, mastodon and mammoth remains have been found in Alabama. Animals that still exist today like bison, sloths, and horses existed during the ice age as well. This reality demonstrates how species adapt to their climate, regardless of how extreme these changes might be. The Alabama Natural History Museum represents a unique aspect of Alabama's history that is often overlooked. Alabama's rich geological and archeological history has created the ecosystem we know today, yet is rarely explored by the common Alabama citizen. Regardless, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 22. Effects Of Water On Mars Mars, a planet made of volcanic basalt rock as the soil on mars is like talcum powder. The red planet is a great discovery as several ask questions such as, "Is there water on mars?" Or "Is there any life on Mars?" Well after Earth was formed, Mars was the planet containing a higher percentage that is with a hostable climate than any other planet is the solar system. Outflow channels and other geologic features provide ample evidence that billions of years ago liquid water flowed on the surface of Mars. (https://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msp98/why.html) As said in the article water was on the red planet billions of years ago. But, was life? As a child growing up, not everyone would have thought this but maybe they did. We believed that there were ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 23. Taking a Look at Tunguska Explosion In June of 1908, a fireball descended towards Earth leaving a fiery white trail in its path. It landed in Siberia but it wasn't like any other asteroid. This one appeared to have exploded in mid air causing Hiroshima like effects. There is no evidence that it hit Earth, but there is a crater shaped lake about five miles from where the suspected spot it landed. The fire ball left thousands of trees on fire, seemingly blowing over millions. This force killed local people as well as animals and there is only one thing that we can conclude about it... it was an asteroid. At exactly 7:17 A.M. local time on June 30,1908 an asteroid came plummeting down toward Earth's surface. This occurrence happened around the Podkamennaya Tunguska River in Russia. "Recent scientific studies by meteorite researcher Christopher Chyba have estimated that the Tunguska event may have been caused by the explosion of a stony meteorite about 30 meters in diameter traveling at about 15 km/s. Compare the energy released by such an object with that of an atomic bomb such as those dropped on Japan in World War II." (Planetary Science Institute) Although it took scientists many years after the explosion to get out to the suspected site of where it landed, they are not able to find any evidence of it hitting Earth. Reports have been taken about the effects of the explosion. They have done things that would have been thought impossible."One older man at about this distance was reportedly blown ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 24. Allende's Role In Planetary Science Hidden behind its seemingly simple structure chondrite, meteorites of Allende event remain an unsolved contradiction for planetary scientists and physicists about their origin, but hint them that better understanding those rocks might be an all–important key for unwinding the unraveled puzzles going back to the creation of the universe. The fascination with chondrites mainly stems from their presumed ancient history. Empowered with a contemporary technological advancement of the twenty–first century, like Electronic Backscatter diffraction method (Sephton, 38), planetary physicists stole the headlines by announcing that those rocky visitors might have their origins as back as 4 billion years when our solar system was either very young or might have not yet been formed. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Even more breathtaking possibility is the voyage in time that those finds present to the scientific world. The duality of simplicity and mystery reiterate the importance of understanding those visitors from space and time. Even common chondrites like Allende play such a significant role in raising the awareness in astronomy on one side by expanding the interest in collecting cosmic relics, but more importantly in lifting the interest and curiosity of the public in deepening the research in the astronomy field. Undoubtedly, credit has to be given to the Earth's atmosphere, which played its important role in breaking the Allende meteorite monolith to smaller pieces. It's only to be speculated about the extent of possible devastation that the planet could suffer if all of the material that has been collected, have reached the ground as a single piece. Scientist's calculation point to a minimum estimation of around 4 tons of meteorite specimens with various sizes, and luckily, this cosmic rock never reaches the surface in one ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 25. H. P. Lovercraft's Colour Out Of Space Introduction In the "Colour Out of Space" by H.P. Lovercraft, the meteor that hit earth was the strangest thing the town of Arkham had ever seen. Something else had also came down that day, other than that rock. The meteorite had hit earth without any warning and it had frightened the people very much. The scientists tried to figure out what the rock thing was but they had no clue, and it was just so strange for the people of Arkham. Town of Arkham #1 These are reasons why the town of Arkham is a spooky place. Ammi was telling the surveyer that "[i]t happened in the eighties, and a family had disappeared or was killed" (Lovecraft, 1927, p. 2). If i was the surveyer i would feel the chills down my back and would want to leave. Ammi said how ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Reports showed that the Mcgregor boys were shooting woodchucks and it had a spooky deformed face that scared them away (Lovecraft, 1927, p. 5). This shows that this meteorite had something to do with it and now it is contaminating the animals. Nahum also said how their pigs turned a color of grey, and their body would fall apart before they would even die (Lovecraft, 1927, p. 10). This proves that maybe the gardners should move before all of their cattle get infected too. Nahum had noticed "[s]omething had snapped in their brains, and one had to be shot for its own good" (Lovecraft, 1927, p. 9). This proves that the animals are no good anymore, and what will happen ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 26. The Origin Of Life Terrestrial Or Extraterrestrial Essay Introduction There is no one universally accepted paradigm for the origin of life. Rather, there are two competing schools of thought that debate the question: Was the origin of life terrestrial or extraterrestrial? Both of these theories recognize that life must have been synthesized under natural conditions, that molecules organized themselves into the first molecular system, that atmospheric oxygen and ozone were rare, and that electrical activity may have produced monomers. The scientific and technological advancements that have emerged as a result of investigations into the origin of life have profoundly impacted our society and our knowledge of life, space, and cosmochemistry. Early Emergence of Cosmochemistry and Sociopolitical Hindrance The list of cosmic abundances was compiled by Victor Goldschmidt in 1938 and concluded that "Extraterrestrial material must also be included to produce the most accurate and robust data" (Citation). The template for life remained unknown to society, so a broad approach to include both terrestrial and extraterrestrial sources was imperative to the investigation into the origin of life. Unfortunately, the Great Depression diverted society's attention towards surviving through the low living standards, so there was an overall disinterest in anything scientific. Although World War II lifted society out of the Great Depression and brought many scientific advancements related to warfare, no breakthroughs in interstellar science and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 27. Should Nasa Fund Asteroid Studies Should N.A.S.A. Fund Asteroid Studies? Should NASA fund asteroid studies? NASA (the National Aeronautics and Space Administration) This has been debated for an elongated time. Many people believe that NASA should put money into the studies. Their would be many benefits to this. What do you think? I ThinkNASA should fund asteroid studies for countless reasons. Many people including myself believe this because it could help our economy. According to NASA.Gov "the meteorites could contain precious metals, minerals, and even new elements that could be added to the periodic table" They could be used on Earth with trade value. This would give The U.S a humongous boost around 10 billion dollars to our GDP (gross domestic product value). The asteroid ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 28. On February 15 2013 a meteor streaked across sky and... On February 15 2013 a meteor streaked across sky and exploded over Chelyabinsk, Russia. It set off one of the largest explosion of its kind, according to Western scientists. Flying glass and debris caused most of the injuries from the meteor strike. The shock wave violently jolted the city of Chelyabinsk. Coincidently, it hit on the same day that astronomers were watching another large rock pass Earth by just 17,200 miles. As it turns out, the Earth getting hit by meteorites isn't so unusual. The meteor was most likely made of stony materials and not solid metal. The meteor exploded 12 to 15 miles above Earth's surface due to the rise in pressure. Experts estimated that it released the energy of 300,000 to 500,000 tons of TNT. As a... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Mostly they land in the ocean. So it's not necessarily a top news story. The average meteorite enters the atmosphere and burns up. The largest meteors rapidly slow down because of atmospheric friction and hit the Earth's surface. However meteorites larger than a few hundred tons are slowed very little and make large craters. Calculations based on the observed number of asteroids suggest that we should expect about 3 large meteors to hit the Earth every million years. This is in good agreement with the geologic record. It is more difficult to compute the frequency of larger impacts but once per 100 million years seems like a reasonable guess. People recorded this meteor strike which made it so unusual. In Russia, an estimated one million motorists have dash cams in their cars. The dash cameras are popular for one big reason: ensuring justice when they have an accident while driving. Last year, the newspaper Al Jazeera spoke with motorists who drove with cameras. One driver said "that police officers are only on the roads to take bribes, bending traffic laws–or ignoring them completely to benefit themselves.". According to them, a camera will save you from false accusations. The motorists went on to say, "In Russia, everyone should have a camera on their dashboard. It's better than keeping a lead pipe under your seat for protection". Meteorites hit the Earth every day, what made this event so unusual is the fact that it happened in a large city and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 29. A Meteor will Strike the Earth and Destroy All Life Forms... A Meteor will Strike the Earth and Destroy All Life Forms "With millions and millions of meteors hurtling around in our solar system, there's always a chance that one could hit Earth at any moment. But what would be the consequences and how would the Earth be affected if one does happen to hit? If an object from space hit the sea, a huge tidal wave would be formed, hundreds of meters high, which would leave most of the world under water for a period of time, destroying and killing everything in it's way. This would have a catastrophic effect on the Earth, as most people would be killed, and leaving countries powerless, unable to do anything. Crops would also be destroyed, starvation would kill all of the survivors, homes would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Scientists have never proven this to be 100 % true, but it is one of the beliefs on how the dinosaurs became extinct. Both scientists and paleontologists, feel that a meteor must of hit Earth, a few million years ago, killing the dinosaurs. The meteor that might of wiped out the dinosaurs also could have brought about the ice age, because of the huge dust cloud that was thrown into the air. Also, even though this meteor strike never hit Earth, the world watched in awe as thousands of meteors hit the planet Jupiter two years ago. For about one week, many meteors collided into Jupiter causing huge craters on it's surface. If the meteors hit the Earth instead of Jupiter––the world might have been destroyed. Almost every American has to know of the crater in Arizona. About 49,000 years ago, a 150 foot meteor hit into the present day state of Arizona. This is the biggest crater in the United States. Throughout time, there have been many meteors that have hit Earth causing great damage, but the scary thing is that there are still trillions and trillions of meteors right outside our planet. In the Milky Way, the Earth is one of the planets with the greatest chance of getting hit by a meteor. The Earth is only one planet away from the Asteroid Belt, which is located between Mars and Jupiter. At any moment, a meteor could break free and head straight towards Earth. With millions of meteors located in this belt there is ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 30. The Solar System In The 1930's Most people in their lives have seen a shooting star and exclaimed, "Make a Wish!" However, this so called "shooting star" is actually the clue to how the solar system was created. While this rock object is in space it is called a meteoroid, and then it is called a meteor when it enters a planetary atmosphere. The friction of the meteoroid created by the incoming velocity causes it to heat up quickly, and in result a bright flash of light. As noted above, this is what people see when watching the sky. In addition, meteorites gave the first knowledge about abundances of chemical elements in the solar system in the 1930s through 1950s. Meteorites are the most ancient rocks known to mankind and have helped pave the way in the study of the formation ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 31. Essay on Life on Martian Meteorites ABSTRACT In this paper, the great dispute of whether or not there is real evidence of life on martian meteorites is discussed. Findings of carbon globules, nanocrystal magnetites, and rod–shaped objects on ALH84001, Nakhla and Yamata 593 suggest biogenic processes once occurred on Mars. Furthermore, past atmospheric conditions and a current abundance of methane gas build more justification to martian life. Many of these discoveries are accused of being accounted for by either terrestrial contamination or abiotic processes, but composition analysis and model experiments show that contamination cannot be held fully responsible. It is concluded that martian meteorites do provide insight and valid evidence for extraterrestrial life.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... 1996). Confirmation of these biological artefacts is important as it would finally resolve the debate of the century. The breakthrough of fossilized nanobacteria on martian meteorites was the first real evidence supporting life beyond our planet, escalating the already controversial subject. It has allowed fantasies of aliens and U. F. O.'s to essentially become a reality. Although many continue to disagree with this statement and accuse findings to be irrelevant, further research on the composition Mars and its meteorites have provided justice to extraterrestrial life. MARS AND ITS ATMOSPHERE Before even considering extraterrestrial life in the first place, the necessary elements must be available. As mentioned above, the red planet was once warmer and wetter, providing ideal conditions for life. The availability of water is of utmost importance when regarding life. On Mars' surface, the existence of carved channel networks provides evidence for possible floods in the past (Baker 2001). In addition, the presence of "contraction–crack polygons" cover great distances over the martian landscape and mimic terrestrial ice–wedge terrains of permafrost regions (Baker, V. R. 2001). It is also uncratered, signifying potential water associated activities in the recent past. The atmosphere on Mars used to be much thicker than it is presently. The extensive ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 32. Magma Contamination And Sulfide Immiscibility Of The... MAGMA CONTAMINATION AND SULFIDE IMMISCIBILITY OF THE METEORIC IMPACT ZONE IN THE SUDBURY NI –CU DEPOSITS: ONTARIO, CANADA WILLIAMS, Jane B. (University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire, willijan@uwec.edu) Sudbury, Canada is the location of a world class Ni–Cu deposit phenomena. Numerous studies have produced an explanation for the complex evolution of its deposition and enrichment thanks to the impaction of a meteorite 1.85 million years ago. The impact of the meteorite is thought to have caused fracturing that led to the generation of magma from deep in the crust that helped in later filling the crater and producing the igneous complex (Faggart et. al., 1985). The igneous complex (Figure 1a) has an elongated shape (60 km long and 27 km wide) with circular deposits surrounding it similar to a bulls–eye. Evidence of the meteoric impact includes brecciation located in the center of the basin (Onaping Formation), deformation of the margin of the intrusive complex (Huronian Group), shatter cones, and pseudotachylite. The meteor is thought to have flash melted the crust which proceeded to differentiate into a granophyre and a leuconorite to norite composition. The granophyre makes up 60% of the complex and the leuconorite and norite make up the remaining 40% (Figure 1b)(Barnes et. al., 2005). About 50% of the ore is found in the sublayer norite and the breccia that is associated with the norite. This ore is mainly disseminated sulphides. The massive sulphides are located in the center ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 33. Murder By Space Rock Research Paper Murder by Space Rock Michael Bucks 10/1/2015 NSCI–3340–20 Space. The final frontier. There are approximately one hundred billion galaxies in the universe with many solar systems in each galaxy and many planets within those solar systems (How do we...). The Milky Way Galaxy is close to 100,000 light years in diameter(Diep) with each light year spanning 5.87849981 x 10^12 miles . In comparison, the earth is only 7,917.5 miles in diameter(Coffey). Within and on the earth itself, there are still great mysteries, and so it comes as no surprise that a giant area such as space holds so much mystery. One of the most recent fascinations to astronomers has been asteroids, meteors, meteorites, and comets. These space rocks are found ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Now that we can observe earth from outer space, we can find impact crater's on the earth's surface. The three largest craters are found in Ontario, Canada , Vredefort, South Africa and the Chicxlub crater (Carter). All three of these craters are massive and the Chicxlub crater has been hypothesized to have destroyed the dinosaurs. According to Charles S. Quoi, in order to make an impact the size of the Chicxlub crater, an asteroid would have had to have been at least six miles in diameter and hit earth at a speed of 12.4 miles per second. In comparison, the largest fragment of SL9 to hit Jupiter was slightly more than 2 miles in diameter (Koppes). To answer our question then, yes, meteorite's have collided with earth, but will they again ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 34. War On Pods Analysis The war of the world's is a story based off in london around the 19th century. It was all peaceful there until they saw what they thought was a falling meteorite but was actually alien pods. When the main character and his brother and hundreds of other curious people went to check out the falling meteorite they realized that it wasn't a falling meteorite and that they were metal pods but they had no clue what was in them. After a couple of days the pods begin to start to opening up and grew tentacle arms and the pods stood up hundreds of feet in the air. The martians started the attack onearth by shooting down heat rays down on the city killing people all around. With all the panicking going on throughout london, the narrator and his brother ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 35. Who Is The Perseid Meteor Shower? It is believed that thousands of meteorites weighing around a pound each impact the Earth every year, but it usually goes unnoticed because the small rocks land in unpopulated areas such as large forests or open ocean. Meteoroids are residual chunks of ice and rock from comets or asteroids, but once they enter Earth's atmosphere they are called meteors. They do not receive the meteorite name until they make an incredibly long journey through Earth's atmosphere and touch down onto Earth's surface. It is thought that around 90 to 95 percent of meteors burn up in Earth's atmosphere. The Perseid meteor shower is the most popular meteor shower of the year because of its breathtaking show around August 11 and 12. Comet Swift–Tuttle is responsible for the Perseid meteor shower. Its fragile ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The most damage is actually caused by a shock wave that is produced from a meteor that breaks apart in Earth's atmosphere. In 2013, the Chelyabinsk meteor broke apart around 15 miles above the ground and created a shockwave that is equivalent to a 500–kiloton explosion and it injured around 1,600 people. Unfortunately, astronomers cannot predict meteorite impacts because they are too small to detect and the large ones that can be seen are too unpredictable. Meteoroids that are made of stronger materials like that of an asteroid and meteors approaching Earth slowly are the ones that usually have a better chance of impacting the ground. Luckily, around 90 to 95 percent of meteors never reach the ground. One interesting thing is that, Earth has actually seen meteorites from the moon and Mars. Impacts from meteoroids on the surface of the moon and Mars have sent chunks of the surface flying into space and eventually some of them find their way to Earth. When meteorites are not causing damage or harming people, they do provide a beautiful light show and they provide scientists with an opportunity to study the composition of comets, asteroids, the moon, and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 36. Argumentative Essay: Are Aliens Real? One of the biggest questions on Earth to date is "Are aliens real?" Years and years ago people have been starting to ask if aliens are real judging by events that can lead to proof. Evidence ranging from abductions, UFO sightings, and even experiments show that aliens do in fact exist. On the night of July 2, 1947 Mac Brazel, a farmer from Roswell, heard a huge explosion near his ranch. Mac later told the sheriff and described it as if was not from this planet. The day after the UFO crashed Barney Barnett, a person who had seen the crash site, was followed by archaeology students to see what was wrong with the UFO since there was light beaming off of it. What they saw under the UFO were three bodies with unusually large heads and slanted eyes. Another person had seen the same thing. This time it was World War II hero, Captain Henderson. When Henderson flew the strange bodies to Texas he was told not share any information. Before he died, he told his wife that he saw basically the same thing as Barnett, tiny creatures with big heads and slanted eyes. It is very rare to be told that someone has actually seen small ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Doctor Roger Leir is a surgeon who's job is to remove alien implants from humans. During his 30 years of being a surgeon he had found 16 implants. His most recent discovery was a piece of meteorite found in a woman's leg who had claimed she was abducted. Before his surgery, Leir saw that there was no scar or open wound that the meteorite could have been placed in. Leir described the material as if it was basically a meteorite. As you know, meteorites don't come from Earth. They are found in space. An alien easily could have "abducted" this woman and planted this meteorite inside of her possibly for experiments. While it is not sure why exactly this implants are in humans, we know that there is a good chance that alien life had placed implants into innocent ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 37. Apophis Meteorite is Barrelling towards Earth A 325 meter long meteorite by the name of Apophis is due to fly by Earth in 2029 and will come back around in 2036, but will miss again. At least it is predicted to miss, but then might return in 2068. According to NASA, the chance of the collision happening in 2068 is predicted to be at approximately 1 in 300,000 of hitting Earth, straight on. You decide if that sounds like an intimidating chance. Personally, I don't think it's worth the risk, however small. We have options. We could just stay here and hope for the best as pollution gets worse andglobal warming rises, or we could colonize Mars. Take into consideration that Mars is not only one of our closest neighboring planets, but also has similar conditions to Earth. I know, it sounds all dusty and dry, but that doesn't mean we can't make a few Earth–like changes. This is terraforming, changing another planet with potential for life to fit the needs of us humans. By terraforming Mars, we will be able to colonize it to ensure safety for the human race. Because we all want to be safe right? Turn on the news, or the weather channel. You will see something like, Snowstorm shuts down power, or tornado warning, remember to stay in your basement. Trust me, it could be worse. According to National Geographic, the dormant, yet potentially species killing supervolcano under Yellowstone could rain down ash and debris over hundreds and hundreds of miles across the country, worse yet, the chances of it exploding in our lifetime is ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 38. Ringwoodite For centuries, humans thought that the center of the Earth was hollow, but here's how we know it's not. Most data that we have found about the interior has come from the study of seismic waves. From that, we've learned that the internal area of the Earth is made out of solids and liquids. However, there is other materials that are available that show us what the Earth interior is composed of. Three additional ways that scientists study the interior of the Earth are the diamond that came from the mantle, studying of neighboring planets, and meteorites. One technique that scientist use to know what is in the interior of the earth is a rare diamond from the mantle. This diamond "encloses a tiny piece of an olivine mineral called ringwoodite." Pearson's team found that ringwoodite was 1% of water by weight, he also said that even though it doesn't sound like much, but, when you realize how much ringwoodite there is, it could amount to all of the Earth's oceans put together. Therefore, I can conclude that a technique that scientist use, such as Pearson, used the rare diamond contained of ringwoodite to confirm that there is an abundant amount of water in our mantle. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... How we know what our planet's density is because of over "300 years ago Sir Isaac Newton calculated the Earth's core density by observing the movement of planets and the force of gravity." Still today, his observations are correct "his observations remain largely correct today, and monitoring of the Earth in space, as well as the behavior of the moon and planets, continues to provide information about the relative density of the Earth's core and its composition." Consequently, the study of neighboring planets has helped us discover the density of Earth's ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 39. The Discovery Of The Viking Lander Experiment Research was conducted following the failure to find life on Mars in the Viking Lander experiment, by NASA Space Center's very own Dr. McKay and a team of scientists. They wanted to know if there was life on Mars that wasn't found in the Viking Lander experiment so they were looking to find life in places other than soil. Sources about possible ancient martian life is in the SNC (Shergotty–Nakhla–Chassigny) class of meteorites that came to Earth following impact events on Mars. (McKay et al 1996) ALH84001 is recognized to be one of the oldest pieces of the Solar system, crystallized more than 4 billion years ago it is thought to have originated from Mars from a time when water existed on the planets surface. The theory is that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The team identified the meteorite as an igneous rock that has fractures that were once filled with carbon dioxide rich fluid (McKay et al 1996) They went on to present 4 lines of evidence: Evidence 1.The fractures contained disk–shaped carbonate globules 20–250 microns across with alternating rims rich in iron and magnesium. The globules, located along the walls of the cracks in ALH84001, formed later than the rock itself. 2.ALH84001 contained magnetite (Fe3O4) crystals and other minerals (iron sulphide) compatible with biological origins. 3.The meteorite also contained organics associated with life – polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 4.Electron microscope images of ALH84001 showed nanometre scale structures resembling fossilized microbes. (McKay et al 1996) Or in simpler terms 1)the meteorite and calcium carbonate it contains came from Mars 2)The mineralogy and chemistry of the carbonate globules are compatible with biologic origin 3)The meteorite contains organic material from mars 4)There are micro–fossils in the globules (NASA 2003) Media and dismissal of Evidence The media coverage of the situation caused controversy as you can imagine, people instantly said that the fossils were the first true evidence of other worldy life and it
  • 40. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 41. Murchison Meteorite All cell membranes of today are composed of phospholipid bilayers and membrane–bound proteins. In the early RNA world proteins were not in existence and although phospholipids spontaneously self–assemble, they are believed to be too complex to have sufficient availability on early Earth. Single–chain amphiphiles such as fatty acids, fatty alcohol, and monoglycerides also have the inherent ability to coalesce because of their bipolar nature and were confirmed to be existent by the Murchison meteorite. Monocarboxylic acids were found in excess on the meteorite and the physical properties of the vesicles they form were studied. The length and degree of unsaturation of the hydrocarbon chain affects vesicle permeability and stability properties.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The bipolar nature of lipids permits self–assembly but also authorizes free diffusion polar solutes. As the chain length of the hydrocarbons decreases, permeability increases to allow larger ionic substances through the membrane. The short–chain monocarboxylic acids demonstrated the ability to contain polymeric macromolecules products but also grant entry of large ionic molecular reactants such as ADP. Although short –chain amphiphiles are less stable, the permeability properties of these vesicles allows essential exchange between the external environment and the microenvironment that permits internal ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 42. Summary Of Meteorite Mountain By Bii Big Sister In the story, "Meteorite Mountain" by Can Xue we get an insight look at Little sister's and Big sister's relationship. We see that both characters are opposites and they do not see eye to eye on everything, but they accept the fact that they are not the same and that neither one or the other is going to change. Their relationship helps us see the struggle within ourselves of whether we should follow our heart or listen to what our mind is telling us like in the excerpt above Little sister followed her heart and found what she was looking for while Big sister finally understands the way Little sister thinks and, " there was nothing she could not do" (37). This conflict of views is essential to the story because we see that Big sister tends to use her mind to make decisions and she's more serious and not as opened minded as Little sister, but Little sister on the other hand is more open minded and decides follows her heart.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... I think in the end Big sister understands why Little sister left her and it was because she, "found what she had been looking for all her life" (37). She found love not only for Huimin, but also for the mountain itself. Deep down I think Big sister is jealous of Little sister. In the passage Big sister says, "I even think it's fortunate little sister is married off to that place" (36). Big sister is jealous that Little sister just goes for it and follows her heart while she cannot because she must think everything out so for her to just take a leap of faith and follow her heart is not something she would ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...