Well drilling engineering overview

Well & drilling engineering
Introduction to associated
drilling operations in oil well
drilling. Part 4 of 4.

Kingdom Drilling Services Ltd 219 July 2009
Disclaimer
 These slides do not represent any standard, nor regulation, and create no
new or otherwise legal obligations. Their intent is to serve only as an
advisory guide, where all informational contained in content is intended to
assist employers and employees in providing a safe, healthful and
environmentally complaint workplace through effective prevention programs
adapted to the needs of each place of employment tools, equipment,
practices and procedures used.
Health Acts will exist in each specific operating region, location and/or
environment and will require employers and employees to comply with
hazard-specific safety and health standards. In addition, employers must
provide their employees with a workplace free from recognized hazards
likely to cause equipment failure malfunction, injury, serious loss or physical
harm. Employers can also often be cited for violating statutory rules and
regulations if there is a recognized hazard that they then do not take steps
to prevent or abate the hazard. However, failure to implement such
guidelines is not, in itself, a violation.

3rd party operations
 Mud engineering and
supply,
 Bits and BHA
components
 Coring and core
analysis,
 Logging and other
formation evaluations
 Casing
 Cementing and
 Fishing services.

Drilling fluid functions
 Drilling fluid serves
several important
functions when drilling
a well.

Circulating system
 Mud is pumped
 from the surface through
the hollow drill string,
 exits through nozzles in
the drill bit,
 and returns to the surface
through the annular space
between the drill string and
the walls of the hole.

Circulating systems

Circulating system
 Drilling fluid-mud-
which is usually a
mixture of weighting
material, clays,
chemicals, and water
or oil, accounts for a
major portion of both
equipment and cost to
drill a deep well

Mud exiting flowline
 Drilling mud exiting the
well via a flowline at
surface
 To return the mud to the
re-circulating system and
to make the solids easier
to handle, the solids must
now be separated from the
mud

Mud circulating return line
 To a settling pit, then
to temporary storage
in a sump settling pit.
 Mud is treated for
contaminant removal
prior to returning to
point of origin i.e. the
active mud pit.

Circulating systems

Primary Solids control – Shale shakers
 The liquid mud
passes through the
vibrating shale
screens and is then
recirculated back to
the mud tanks

Primary Solids control
 In general, the
separated drill
cuttings are coated
with a large quantity
of drilling mud roughly
equal in volume to the
cuttings.

Added solids control
 Additional mechanical
processing in the mud
pit system further
removes finer solids
because these
particles tend to
interfere with drilling
equipment ‘wear and
tear’ and down-hole
drilling performance
Cuttings drier
Centrifuge

Mud engineering and supply

Mud materials & mixing systems

Bit programs
 Bit suppliers
maintain well
record files, thus
are able to
recommend bit
programs for
holes almost
anywhere in the
world.

Bit Nomenclature

Bit nomenclature

Core and core analysis
 Laboratory treatment of
cores taken while drilling
have especial value to
obtain knowledge of
reservoir conditions.
Physical measurements
of porosity, permeability,
and fluid content are
made under carefully
controlled conditions.

Logging services
 Subsurface conditions
of lithology, porosity,
permeability, and fluid
content (saturation)
can be measured and
recorded by means of
down-hole electrical,
sonic and radioactivity
measuring devices

Wellbore logging
 Well logging
operation with
recording logging
truck in the
foreground.

Wellbore logging
 Lithology and porosity can be
determined from the Electric
Survey- commonly called "ES"
log.
 The Induction Log- as
illustrated is usually taken in
conjunction with an ES run
 Termed an I-ES log.
 This can be run in open hole and
will make a record regardless of
the type of fluid in the well.

Log interpretation
 First look at the
electric log is a
dramatic moment in a
wells history e.g.
 It may show whether
the well is
commercially viable or
a “duster” with no or
few hydrocarbons at
all!

Wellbore logging

Other formation evaluation
 Cuttings evaluations
 Formation logs
 Logging while drilling
(LWD)
 Wireline electric logs
 Drill stem test. (DST)

Drilled cuttings evaluation
 A mud-logger is
catching cuttings from
the shale shaker.
 These cuttings will be
carefully washed,
sacked, and labelled
as to depth taken and
then given to the
geologist for further
examination.

Formation testing

Drill stem test principles
 The section A
contains the
tester valve. The
packer is
indicated at B.
Pressure
recorders are
shown at C.
A
B
C

Well test spread - Onshore

Casing
 Casing serves six important functions:
1. Prevents collapse caving of the hole
2. Prevents contamination of fresh water in upper
sands by fluids from lower zones
3. Exclude water from the producing formations,
4. Confine production to the wellbore
5. Provide a means of controlling formation pressure
6. Permit installation of artificial lift equipment and
other required completion for producing the well.

Casing design

Offshore well – casing scheme

Running casing
 If the operating
company decides to
set casing, pipe will
be hauled to the job,
tested, and other
preparations made to
run it into the well

Casing running
 Prior to running casing,
the wellbore must be
assured to free from
cuttings and able to
accept the casing without
running or cementing
difficulties.
 Wellbore quality is
therefore a key objective to
accommodate the casing
strings

Casing running

Running casing
 While the joint is
being tightened the
derrickman guides the
elevator over the top
coupling for
attachment to the
pipe in order to lower
the string into the
well.

Running casing

Cementing
 In cementing, as in
running casing, the
men and equipment
of the drilling
contractor and
specialised service
companies personnel
are available to the
cementing operation.

Cementing
 Bulk transport trucks
handle most of the
dry cement used in oil
well cementing.
 A marine service
cementing unit of the
type used for
cementing wells
drilled by inland barge
rigs.

Cementing – Jet-line mixer

Cementing – re-circulating mixer

Cementing

Cementing
sequence

Surface cementing operation

Dual stage
cementatio
n sequence

Cementing
1. Offshore cement
handling equipment is
usually permanently
installed on the rig. The
skid-mounted pump unit
is at left centre, the
mixing hopper at lower
right and a bulk cement
tank, upper right.
2. Mobile equipment
required to cement a
well.

Subsea plug launcher
Surface Dart Launcher
Subsea Tool
Surface Dart Launcher
Subsea Tool

Cementing

Fishing operations
 Tools and methods include
 Mills.
 Cuts away irregularities and permits useful
contact.
 Spears.
 Goes inside and holds a fish by friction.
 Overshot.
 Goes over and grabs the outside of a fish.
 Washover Pipe.
 Goes over a fish to permit circulation m the
annulus between the fish and wall of the hole.
 String Shot.
 Permits back off of the drill string above a fish.
 Accessory devices
 such as jars, to loosen and retrive a fish, and
safety joint to permit release of the fishing string.

Fishing examples

Questions please refer via?
www.kingdomdrilling.co.uk
End of presentation

Well drilling engineering overview

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