This document discusses the subaqueous installation of fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) pipes. It describes how FRP pipes are used for applications like wastewater outfalls, cooling water intakes and outfalls, and submarine crossings. It outlines the site supervision services provided during installation and different installation techniques like single pipe, multiple pipe, and preassembled pipe strings. Joint systems, trench excavation, alignment, backfilling and transition zone installation are also summarized. Several case studies of subaqueous FRP pipe installation projects are provided.

1. Subaqueus Applications with Flowtite Pipes
Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005 1
Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005

2. Pipe laminate structure
EXTERIOR
EXT. SURF.
SKIN
CORE TOTAL
THICKNESS
SKIN
LINER
INT.SURF.
INTERIOR
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Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005

3. Site Supervision service
If any request or any requirement, field supervision is provided to achive a
satisfactory installation. Field engineers and technicians can advise the
purchaser or the installer to help him achieve a satisfactory installation.
• Field engineers supervise the installation of GRP pipes,
• Follow the errection closely and submit their comments and recommendations
to achive satisfactory pipe installation,
• Assist to the installer for decision of installation technics and applications,
• Assist to project firms for computation and determination of thrust block
dimensions,
• Field technicians assist the workers to achieve satisfactory coupling joint and
backfilling.
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Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005

4. Subaqueous Installatıon of GRP Pipes
GRP pipes are used for subaqueous applications such as;
 Waste water outfall,
 Cooling water outfall,
 Sea water intake for
 Drinking water supply,
 Cooling water supply,
 Etc...
 Submarine crossing.
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Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005

5. Pipe Joint Systems
GRP TEST COUPLING JOINT
Coupling Joint is a flexible joint system.
GRP lock couplings allow angular deflections.
Allows preliminary check for each joint under water
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Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005

6. Pipe Joint Systems
Marine Harness Lug
Marine harness lugs are used to keep together preassembled pipe strings of several
pipes during loading, transfering, and sinking operations and also to assist divers for
joining operation under water.
Depending on pipe diameter two, three or four pieces of marine harness lugs are
fixed surrounding the ends of the pipes.
It is recommended to remove stud bolts before backfilling in order not to prevent
flexibility of GRP couplings.
Steel lugs are fixed with filament winding method using glassfiber &resin
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Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005

7. Trench Excavatıon & Backfıllıng
- Excavator, dredger or trencher is used for excavating the trench.
- Excavator or clamshell bucket or flex tubes are used for backfilling.
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Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005

8. Subaqueous Installation Techniques
Depending on project requirements and site or weather conditions
different installation techniques are used.
Single pipe installation
Multiple pipe installation
Multiple pipe installation, providing pipe string
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Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005

9. Subaqueous Installation Techniques
Single Pipe
Pipes are lowered to water and joined under water one by one,
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Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005

10. Subaqueous Installation Techniques
Multiple Pipes
Two or three section of pipes are preassembled on land or barge then
lowered to water and joined under water,
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Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005

11. Joining of Pipes under Water
Generally, come along jacks with steel clamps are used for joining of pipes.
Depending on marine conditions marine harness lugs are used to join the pipes
under water.
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Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005

12. Pipe Alingment while Joining
Depending on project reuirement, marine and weather conditions different
equipments are used for alingment of pipe ends to join.
Steel Truss
Hydraulic Sea Horse
Specail GRP
Coupling
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Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005

13. Trench Backfilling
Excavator or clamshell bucket or flex tubes are used for backfilling.
Backfilling is provided by the divers under water.
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Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005

14. Subaqueous Installation Techniques
MULTIPLE PIPES PROVIDING PIPE STRING
Long pipe sections (100m-300m-500m...) are preassmbled on land or barge
and lowered to water and joined under water.
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Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005

15. TOW Techniques
Depending on shape of the sea bottom, weather conditions and adequacy of
equipment different tow methods can be selected.
• Surface tow
 float and sink
 sub surface tow
• Controlled depth tow
 off-bottom tow
 bottom pull
Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005

16. Onshore-Offshore Transition Zone
Sand bags may be used to prevent floating of pipes and washing out backfill from
wave actions.
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17. Onshore-Offshore Transition Zone
Pipes are launched to the sea with different methods as shown on the
pictures.
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18. Unimar Power Plant Cooling Water Outlet
Client : Unimar Enerji Yatırımları A.Ş.
Location : Marmara Ereğlisi / Tekirdağ / TURKEY
Date : Feb 2005 – June 2005
Capacity : 480 MW
Main Contractor : STFA Marine Construction Co.
Cooling Water Discharge
DN2400mm-600mm, PN6Atm, SN 5000N/m2 L= 240m
Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005

19. Biga Autoproducer Power Plant
Cooling Water Inlet & Outlet
Client : İçdaş Çelik Enerji Tersane Ulaşım San. A.Ş
Location : Çanakkale / Biga / TURKEY
Date : Sep 2004 – March 2005
Capacity : 102 MW
Main Contractor : DETEK Marine Construction Co.
Sea Water Inlet & Outfall Pipes
DN2200mm, PN6Atm, SN 5000N/m2 L= 196m
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Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005

20. Adapazarı Gölprizi Drinking Water Project
Client : ADASU Genel Müdürülüğü
Location : Adapazarı / TURKEY
Date : Jan 2005 – continue
Main Contractor : ZihniÜstünoğulları İnşaat A.Ş.
Lake Water Inlet Pipes
DN1600mm, PN6Atm, SN 5000N/m2 L= 1500m
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Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005

21. Constanta North & Eforie South Wwtp Waste Water Outfall
Client : ATHENA SA Construction Co.
Location : Constanta / ROMANIA
Date : June 2005 – continue
Main Contractor : ATHENA SA Construction Co.
Waste Water Outlet
DN1500mm, PN6Atm, SN 10000N/m2 L= 4250m
DN 700mm, PN6Atm, SN 10000N/m2 L= 1360m
GRP Test Coupling
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Manufacturing Meeting, Spain, January 2005

22. İskenderun Sugözü Coal Fired Power Plant
Investor : STEAG AG
Project Company : İSKEN A.Ş.
Location : Adana- Ceyhan / TURKEY
Project Duration : 2000 - 2003
Net capacity : 1210 MW
Main Contractors : Siemens, Babcock, Gama Tekfen JV & Simko
Marine Consultant : MECC Marine & Land Eng & Consulting Co.
Subcontractor : STFA Marine Cons. Co.
Intake Line/ Sea-Pump House
DN2800mm, PN6Atm, SN 6500N/m2 L= 1570m
Cooling Line/ Pump House-Seal Pit
DN2600mm, PN6Atm, SN 5000N/m2 L= 800m
Seaoutfall Line/ Seal Pit – Sea
DN2400mm, PN6Atm, SN 6500N/m2 L= 4750m
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