Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome is a condition that is rarely recognized by medical
professionals. At the moment, no cure has been found for this condition only medication to control
the symptoms. Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome is an autonomic dysfunction that
presents with symptoms of orthostatic intolerance, such as fatigue, dizziness, headaches, nausea,
palpitations, presyncope and syncope, which are generally relieved by lying down (Busmer
16).Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome has remarkable effect on a person's life, the
symptoms or limitations of daily activity can vary from something mild to something severe. This
condition can have a widespread effect of the body systems. For instance Postural Orthostatic ...
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They also must withdraw blood to check for any condition. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is a
condition that is presented with similar symptoms of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
(Busmer 19). It may be difficult for medical professionals to differentiate these two conditions.
Some techniques have been prone to minimize the risk of falls which consist of avoiding standing
for long periods of times and if possible to keep moving. "Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia
Syndrome is a life changing condition, often affecting healthy, young, fit and active people. It
affects every aspect of their lives and consequently their physiological wellbeing" (Busmer 20).
Some things that could happen because of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome are
deconditioning because of poor tolerance of exercise. People who are diagnosed with Postural
Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome need to go through a support of any kind such as practically and
emotional. Some things are made to raise awareness through healthcare professionals. Research is
also needed to understand Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome and how to approach and
manage or cure this
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Taking a Look Granulomatous Mastitis
OBJECTIVE.: Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease that has clinical
and radiologic findings similar to those of breast cancer. In the diagnosis and treatment of (GM)
there are multiple controversy. The aim of this study was to review the clinical presentation
,Diagnosis ,Treatment and outcome of patients with (GM)Granulomatous mastitis . Materials and
Methods: A retrospective study included 206 women from January 2006 and April 2013who met the
required histological criteria of (GM). Clinical data of the presentation, diagnosis , ,histopathology,
management and outcome were analyzed by review of medical records. Results: Mean age of
women ws32years; (range, 22–40 years). The most common presenting symptoms were a breast
mass in 183(89%) patients,axillary adenopathy was noted in28(13.5%) ,others were Pain, erythema
and abscess in 24 ( 12%) of women. Right side in128( 62%) , left side 78(38%)and bilaterally in 4%
)pATIENTS. PREGNANCS in two (0 97%)women. . Thirty eight (18%) of patients undergone
incision and drainage with diagnosis of breast infection or abceses and taking antibiotics before
diagnosis of (GM). Ultrasound examination before and after drainage in this patients showed, A
large irregular hypoechoic mass in 118 (57%), A lobulated or irregular mass was seen in women68
(33%). adenopathy in 28(13.5%) woman and Skin thinking in 20(10%).Mammographic findings
shows irregular mass in120 (58%) patients , asymmetric density in 62 (30%)

Sarcoidosis Essay
Running head: Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis
Trina Pettus
University of Phoenix
Abstract
Sarcoidosis was discovered by two dermatologists working in England and Norway. It was
originally called Hutchinsons disease or Boecks disease. Sarcoidosis is the most misdiagnosed
illness and is the least understood. It can occur in anybody organ, but mostly found in the lungs or
lymph nodes. This disease can appear suddenly and disappear just as fast. It can also develop
gradually and produce symptoms that come and go. No one yet, since it was first discovered over
100 years ago, knows what causes sarcoidosis.
Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a common disease, but there are many unanswered questions about it. Identifying
what causes the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Culture and Population Sarcoidosis is now very common and affects people around the world. It can
affect people of any age, race and gender. It is most common in adults ages 20–40 and in certain
ethnic groups. The most affect group in the United States is African Americans and especially
women of that race. People of Asian, German, Irish, Puerto Rican and Scandinavian origin can also
be victim to sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is more likely to affect certain organs in certain populations.
For example, sarcoidosis of the heart and eyes appear to be most common in Japan. People from
Northern Europe, most often, have painful skin lumps on the legs.
Treatment
Sarcoidosis symptoms will often get better on their own slowly without treatment. But in those cases
that do need treatment, it is treated aggressively. Sarcoidosis cannot be cured, so the treatments are
just to control symptoms or improve the function of the affected organ. There are several
medications used to treat sarcoidosis. Some of these are anti–inflammatory drugs, anti–rejection
drugs or anti–malarial drugs (Table 2). These drugs can be used one at a time or together depending
on the severity of the disease. Organ transplant may be considered if the disease has severely
damaged the lungs or the liver.
Prevention
With the cause of sarcoidosis unknown, belief of infections and exposure to chemicals may bring on
the disease.

My Moms Bad News
Until about two years ago I never really thought about how precious each and every day of life was.
People always say live each day to the fullest because you never know when there won't be a next
day. My mother said this to me about a million times over the first fifteen years of my life but, I
never really put this piece of wisdom into action. I can remember it as if it happened yesterday, the
day that began a change in my mom's life as well as mine. It was cold and fogy outside and I had an
orthodontist appointment. I can remember having a bad time at school that day and then thinking,
"What a way to top off a terrible day by going to the orthodontist so he can give me a headache for
the rest of the night." My mom drove me to my ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That was the day that I finally realized that I needed to actually live out the saying, "Live each day
to the fullest," because I really don't know when my time will come. Seeing my mom go through
this struggle for the past two years has taught me that I need to be able to take whatever life throws
at me and deal with it. In doing so, I learn how to take each and every day one step at a time. Some
days are a struggle for her but, with love, care, and companionship the relationship between my
mom and I continue to grow deeper and deeper. It is through this situation that my mom has taught
me to be strong, fearless, and hopeful so that I can live each day to the fullest and not take anything
for

Research Paper On Pericardiitis
Two cardiovascular conditions that are rare is Pericarditis and acute/ subacute bacterial endocarditis.
Pericarditis is the inflammation of the pericardium (two thin layers of the sac like that encloses the
heart or the myocardium). Within this sac, there is small amount of fluid, that keeps the layers apart,
therefore no friction occurs between them, as the heart pumps blood to body. This condition can
occur secondary to a heart attack (MI), a condition name Dressler's syndrome, or following a
coronary artery surgery. Furthermore, it is also commonly seen in patients with connective tissue
disorders such as Rheumatoid arthritis(RA), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE), scleroderma, and
sarcoidosis. Other possible factors, that can be attributed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Symptoms are apparent when there is 50–70% of coronary artery blockage, which decrease the
oxygenated blood supply to heart. When patients complaint of chest pain, others symptoms may be
also present, this include shortness of breath, pain that radiates to left arm and in some cases to the
jaw, like seen in elder women. Furthermore, patients may experience nausea, vomiting, and
diaphoresis(Goolsby, Grubbs, & Goolsby,

Nursing Reflection Paper
On Tuesday November 21st, I had my last rotation at Hartford Hospital. During the month I spent
going there I had the opportunity of treating patients with different systemic diseases, and getting
familiar with the different medications, assessing them for any possible emergency, and reassuring
the need to check vitals and medical history during each appointment. Also, it was a great place to
practice taking radiographs like FMXs, panoramic radiograph and VBWs. In addition, I had the
chance to see the work of dental hygienist in a hospital setting, and I have to say I liked it a lot. I
wish I could have the opportunity to work at a hospital as well. For the morning I saw a 73 years old
how suffers from Parkinson's disease, high blood pressure, and GERD. She came for her 3 month
recall visit and her vitals were BP: 147/67 P: 89. She is an ASA III, and she came with the help of
her daughter who brought and her husband who came to pick her up. During her gingival
assessment I found moderate plaque and BOP in the lingual aspects of mandibular and maxillary
teeth. Patient stated she uses a power toothbrush and does not floss or uses floss threaders to clean
under a fixed bridge she has on the UR quadrant. Her probing depth readings were generalized 1–3
mm and localized 4–5 mm with generalized abrasion and recession from 2–4 mm. My patient A.D.
represented a challenge for me because during the debridement with the cavitron and the hand
instruments she was uncomfortable.

Cardiorenal Syndrome Research Paper
Type 1 (Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome)
Type 1 cardiorenal syndrome is defined as "Acute worsening of heart function leading to kidney
injury and/or dysfunction" (7). Examples include acute heart failure, acute coronary syndrome or
cardiac surgery resulting in worsening of renal function, or contrast induced nephropathy after
coronary angiogram (8). 27 to 40% of patients admitted to the hospital with acute decompensated
heart failure (ADHF) appear to develop acute kidney injury and fall into this clinical entity (9, 10).
These patients experience higher morbidity and mortality, and longer hospital stay (2).
Type 2 (Chronic Cardiorenal Syndrome)
Type 2 cardiorenal syndrome is defined as "Chronic abnormalities in heart function leading to
kidney injury and/or dysfunction" (7). Examples include ischemic heart disease, hypertension,
congenital heart disease, chronic heart failure, left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction, diastolic
dysfunction and cardiomyopathy resulting in kidney disease. (7, 8). This type is reported in 63% of
patients admitted to the hospital with congestive heart failure. (11, 12). ... Show more content on
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This subtype refers to abnormalities in cardiac function (acute heart failure, acute coronary
syndrome, arrhythmia, cardiogenic shock or acute pulmonary edema) secondary to acute kidney
dysfunction such as acute kidney injury, ischemia or glomerulonephritis, or contrast induced
nephropathy with adverse cardiac outcomes (7, 8, 13).
Type 4 (Chronic Renocardiac

Patheotherapy Essay
A disease is an illness of any living thing caused by infection or failure of health rather than by
accident (Cambridge Dictionary). Many diseases have showing symptoms, while others go
unnoticed. A symptom is physical sign used to detect illness. Fever, bleeding and discoloration are
all examples of symptoms. It is important to go to the doctor for check–ups and screenings in order
to prevent some illnesses. It is also important to become familiar with family history. It is better to
be proactive than reactive. Practicing low risk behaviors can prevent a disease from reaching its
pathological threshold.
The name & cost of the product (prescription drug, holistic or therapeutic approach) Patheotherapy
is the new and innovated way to treat sarcoidosis. Patheotherapy is made up of two words, patheos
and therapy. "Patheos is a hybrid of the word path, meaning path, and the word theos, meaning God,
and that is pronounced PA–theos" (Hoffman, 2010). The English word therapy origins from the
Greek word, therapia, which means, to cure or heal (Online Etymology Dictionary). Patheotherapy
is a therapeutic medicine and rehabilitation specialty that promotes mobility, respiration and
optimism through exercise and prayer. Patheotherapy should be performed three times a week for a
minimum of three months. Changes in appearance, attitude and overall health will be ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The lungs and liver are affected most by the disease. The specific cause of sarcoidosis is unknown.
However, special characteristics such as: sex, ethnicity and genetics can increase the chance of
developing the disease. Sarcoidosis is more common in women than men. Those of African–
American descent are more likely than others to develop the disease. Also, people with a family
history of the disease have a significantly greater risk of developing the

Brooklyn Hospital Center Case Study
After review of the clinical information provided by The Brooklyn Hospital Center, the Medical
Director has denied your admission to The Brooklyn Hospital Center. It was determined that the
clinical information did not justify an inpatient stay. Acute inpatient hospitalization was not
medically necessary. You had a one day stay with a diagnosis of rule–out acute coronary syndrome
(heart attack) verses Sarcoidosis (inflammatory disease) flare up verses Asthma. You are a 43 year
old female with a past medical history of Sarcoidosis (inflammatory disease), left atrial (area of the
heart) thrombus (blood clot) and deep vein thrombosis (blood clot) for which you were placed on
Coumadin (medicine that thins blood) and asthma. You presented to the emergency room with a
complaint of chest pain and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You had a recent episode of lower leg edema (swelling) which your primary care physician
prescribed Lasix (medicine to get rid of fluid). You vital signs were within normal limits and there
was no oxygen saturation (rest) provided. Your electrocardiogram (recording of your heart activity)
was Sinus (normal). In emergency room you received 30 milligram of Lovenox (blood thinner) and
Methylprednisolone (medicine to help with breathing). You were admitted, started on aspirin,
Cardiac enzymes (test) were done and your first troponin (test) was negative (no other results
provided). You were continued on Prednisone (medicine) 10 milligram daily; restarted on Coumadin
(blood thinner), Diltiazem (medicine), and a low salt diet was recommended as well as you received
Albuterol via a nebulizer (breathing treatment) every 4 hours. Your pulmonary (breathing specialist)
consult states that the shortness of breath was most likely due to deconditioning (changes in body
with inactivity), obesity (over weight), and less likely due to Sarcoidosis (inflammatory disease).
Chest pain syndrome was musculoskeletal (muscle–bone) in origin as it was reproducible (pain
present when area is pushed

Causes And Effect Of Sarcoidosis Auto Immune Disease
Dakota Sick
Professor Ballenger
ENC 1101 9:30am *
11 October 2015 Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis is like many words origin from the Greek language
meaning Flesh Like or Fleshy.
Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease, although many researchers and doctors argue that
Sarcoidosis auto immune disease it actually causes the immune system to become over active.
Sarcoidosis can affects multiple organs but most commonly affects the lungs of about ninety percent
of its patients. Sarcoidosis is when white blood cells become overactive and put out granulomas
which are a collection of inflammatory cells.
The cause of sarcoidosis isn't yet known. Mycobacteria a type of germ that causes tuberculosis was
considered to be the cause. The supporting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There has not been any reported case that animals have Sarcoidosis or that having a domestic animal
will cause the disease to worsen. Sarcoidosis can decrease your chances of getting pregnant if
symptoms and outbreak is severe. There have been many women that still gave birth to healthy
children and no reports have been documented that the children were affected by the disease.
Twenty to thirty percent of patients with the disease affect their Cardio system. Twenty three to
thirty percent of patients have complete heart block while twenty five–sixty five percent of patients
wind up with congestive Heart failure. Seventy percent of the patients that have sarcoidosis and
have the affects in their lungs have swollen lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are used throughout your
body to filter out harmful substances. Sarcoidosis can be diagnosed during an x–ray exam. The x–
ray will show shadows from the swollen lymph nodes around the lungs. This is not always an
effective way to determine if it is sarcoidosis the patient has, because when the lymph nodes are
swollen it just means something isn't right with the body. The symptoms this disease as well as the
x–ray can point to other issue such cancer. The lymph Nodes swell when a problem has occurred
such as an infection, or injury and white blood cells group to an area to heal the infected area. So the
next thing to do is to take a bronchoscope and insert it in the nose or mouth then pushed in the lungs
where the doctor

Sarcoidosis Case Study
The clinical spectrum of sarcoidosis ranges from asymptomatic individual to severe multi–organ
involvement. A high Index of suspicion is required to diagnose sarcoid as there are no specific tests.
The diagnosis is established on well recognized clinical, radiographs and histological evidence of
non–caseating granuloma. ACE levels are less specific for diagnosis. Elevated levels correlate with
pulmonary involvement. The clinical spectrum of respiratory tract involvement ranges from
asymptomatic hilar lymphadenopathy to interstitial disease. Biopsy from lung and spleen reveals
granulomas in 50–80% without significant liver dysfunction. Bone marrow involvement is rare in
sarcoidosis. This lady had pulmonary and bone marrow involvement without significant organ
dysfunction ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She had recurrent admissions in last 3 months for similar complaints. She had pain abdomen and
vomiting along with fever. Her lab reports were consistant with repeated cytopenias af all cell lines.
She has no headache, seizure and focal neurological deficits. She had no palpitations, cough and
dspnea. She had no oral ulcerations, skin rashes, skin tightening, hair loss, raynauds phenomenon,
joint pains and swellings. She had no significant past medical history. At the time of admission she
had fever of 100 degrees Fahrenheit, pulse 96 beats per min, and BP of 100/70 mm of hg. Her
systemic examination was normal except for spleenomegaly. Her lab reports show Hb 10.8gm%,
wbc 700, platelets 79000,ESR 40 mm in first hour. Her LFT and RFT were normal; infective
workup including viral serology was negative. Her autoimmune workup including RF, ANA and anti
Ds dna were negative. Her bone marrow aspiration and biopsy was suggestive of granulomatous
inflammation with normal cellularity. In view of normal bone marrow cellularity with peripheral
cytopenia, she is thought to have hyperspleenism

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
CS was first described by Dr. David G Cogan in 1945 as a non–syphilitic interstitial keratitis with
vestibuloauditory symptoms (1). CS is rare, with fewer than 250 reported cases in the literature, and
is mostly described in young adult Caucasian patients of both sexes (2). CS is an extremely rare
disorder in Arabic and Middle Eastern countries(3). The novelty of this study is represented by
being the first case reported within Jordanian population that is 7 million people.
The classical form of ocular involvement in CS is characterized by the interstitial keratitis, but also,
iritis or uveitis, scleritis or episcleritis, and conjunctivitis have been also described, and the atypical
CS exists in the absence of interstitial keratitis (2). Some systemic manifestations have been
reported in association with CS, including vasculitis of the aorta leading to aortic aneurysm and/or
aortic valve regurgitation, fever, arthralgia (or arthritis), lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, skin rash,
and peripheral or central nervous system involvement (2, 4).
The ocular involvement in CS usually gives a good response to topical corticosteroids therapy,
while, systemic corticosteroids are reserved for unresponsive cases or those with posterior uveitis, it
was reported that poor long term ophthalmologic outcomes due to CS are unusual in contrast to
vestibuloauditory affection(4).
Deafness is the most common serious outcome of CS and systemic corticosteroid therapy is
warranted as soon as

What Is Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency?
Adrenal insufficiency is a condition that develops when a large part of the adrenal gland function is
lost. Primary adrenal insufficiency arises due to the damage of the adrenal glands or by using drugs
that halt cortisol synthesis. In contrast, secondary adrenal insufficiency stems from processes that
reduce the secretion of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the hypophysis as a result of a
pituitary or hypothalamic pathology (the latter is sometimes also referred to as tertiary adrenal
insufficiency).
Adrenal insufficiency is still a significant challenge for both patients and their physicians, but also
scientists and researchers. In the past decade long–term studies with adequate follow–up have
shown surge in mortality and morbidity, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a large number of cases, the disease has a gradual onset, thus the diagnosis can be made only
when the affected individual presents with an acute crisis due to an inadequate rise in cortisol
secretion during a physiologic stress. Such acute adrenal insufficiency (also known as the
Addisonian crisis) is a medical emergency.
On the other hand, the course of chronic adrenal insufficiency is more subtle and insidious, with the
predomination of symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, weight loss, diarrhea or constipation, muscle
cramps, pain in joints and postural hypotension (low blood pressure). Salt craving and low–grade
fever may also be present.
The classic physical finding that can help in differentiating primary from secondary adrenal failure
is hyperpigmentation of the skin or the "suntan that does not fade". Furthermore, patients with
secondary adrenal insufficiency may present with additional symptoms related to pituitary disease
(e.g. menstrual disturbances, loss of libido, galactorrhea, or

A Multi System Disease Of Unknown Etiology
Sarcoidosis is a multi–system disease of unknown etiology. The diagnosis is confirmed when non–
caseating granulomas are identified in tissue biopsies, predominantly from the lung parenchyma or
the mediastinal lymph nodes and is supported by compatible clinical and radiological features. [1]
Cardiac manifestations may occur in isolation or may precede, follow or occur concurrently with the
involvement of the lungs and other organs. All components of the heart may potentially be involved.
The most common are conduction abnormalities leading to bradyarrhythmias and syncope,
ventricular tachycardias and the development of congestive heart failure. [2, 3]
The location and extent of granulomatous infiltration accounts for variations in cardiac ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[5, 6] Japanese Ministry of Health (JMH) published criteria are the current established method for
non–invasive clinical diagnosis. [2, 5] Imaging modalities suggested by the JMH criteria include
gallium–67 scintigraphy and late gadolinium–enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (LGE–
CMR). [2] However, only 5–10% of patients with sarcoidosis present with clinical evidence of
myocardial involvement based on the above criteria while autopsy studies indicate that cardiac
involvement is present in up to 25–50% of cases implying that there is a significant proportion of
sub–clinical cardiac sarcoidosis not detected with the existing criteria. [1, 7] Nuclear imaging
modalities have shown significant advances and rapid growth in the field of the diagnosis and
monitoring of cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis. Promising results show high sensitivity for
identifying pathophysiological activity at an early stage before structural changes have occurred as
well as value of reproducible activity quantification when emphasizing in therapy monitoring.
Although gallium–67 scintigraphy has traditionally been used in sarcoidosis patients, cardiac
positron emission tomography (PET) along with myocardial perfusion scans have shown superiority
that mostly includes higher sensitivity in detecting active

African American Health Paper
Marlen Macedo
Intro to Sociology
03/05/16
African Americans Health Paper African American men have a lower exposure to tobacco, yet 50%
are more likely to get lung cancer compared to white men. There are several diseases that strike or
target African Americans, it may be a genetic or a non genetic health issue, but very common to
them. Non genetic diseases that are more common within the African Americans are lung diseases,
heart diseases, and diabetes. A genetic disorder would be sickle cell anemia. While they affect other
races as well, african americans are more likely to get them. Lung diseases in african americans vary
from asthma, sarcoidosis, and lung cancer. Asthma is a lung disease in which causes inflammation
and narrows the airway ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Type two diabetes is a condition that affects the way the body produces blood sugar, glucose.
Diabetes is 60% more common in black americans than white americans. DeNoon mentioned that
they are also 2.5 times more likely to suffer a limb amputation. Most people with type two diabetes
do not know they have it or recognize the early signs. Some common early signs and symptoms are
increased thirst and hunger, frequent urination or urinary tract infections and also blurred vision. It is
not a genetic disorder but can be associated by older relatives whom were diagnosed. A reason why
diabetes gets worse to an african american rather than a white american is because many of them are
in a high crime neighborhood location. They cannot just walk out and exercise because they simply
just don't feel safe to do so. They don't have a decent local grocery with fresh vegetables and fruits.
Regular exercise and a healthy diet is a key role for diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity. But
since they are in a location where it is not safe or the supplies are not decentable enough, they are
more likely to be having these common conditions more than

Personal Narrative: Brain Injury
Another Case
My alarm went off at 6:00 am. "Thank God it's Friday," I whispered to myself as I got ready for the
day. We still haven't found a case yet, this was just going to be another boring day at the hospital I
guess. After I got ready I got in my car and drove to New York Mercy Hospital, which was only
about 5 miles away. "Hey Jacobs, we got a case." Wilson said, handing me the file. I worked with
two other Doctors; Zachary Wilson and James Miller. We take the medical cases that no other
doctors can figure out. I got a cup of coffee and sat down at the table. "23 year old girl comes in
after continually banging her head on the wall, says she had no idea ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The single word that made all of our faces light up.
"Not just any sarcoidosis, sarcoidosis of the lungs. Explains all of her symptoms perfectly. Great job
Jacobs." Miller said, smiling.
"Well, let's go put her back on prednisone and give her methotrexate to manage the symptoms."
Wilson said, getting up. We all got up to go to Emily's room.
"You have lung sarcoidosis. It's not curable, but the symptoms are manageable with two daily pills.
It's an autoimmune disease. If we're right, we will start seeing improvement in a few hours." I told
her, writing it on a whiteboard as well because she still couldn't hear.
"Your hearing problems will go away soon also." Wilson wrote. She smiled. Her little sister, who
arrived a few minutes ago, beamed up at me. "Thank you Dr. Elizabeth!" She exclaimed.We hung up
the medicine and walked away from them, beaming as well. That, I think is the best part of being a
Doctor. The satisfaction of saving another life, and what they can go on to do for humanity.
"We did good." Miller said.
"We always do." I replied. Another case

Sarcoidosis Research Paper
This paper will explore the research of sarcoidosis and several journal articles that I found to gain
research from. In those articles I learned about what sarcoidosis is and how the economy will benefit
from sarcoidosis. There are several articles, however, that vary in their definitions and different
diagnosis and advances dealing with Sarcoidosis. Often times people mistake eczema or other
serious health related issues for sarcoidosis. I chose to research sarcoidosis because my grandfather
was diagnosed with sarcoidosis in 1999 and ultimately passed away in 2011. Sarcoidosis wasn't the
only health related issue that caused his death. Sarcoidosis was the primary factor as to why he
ended up passing away but with him having sarcoidosis for so long it caused him to have other
major health related issues as well. After having sarcoidosis for about eight years he developed
irregular heart beat, prostate cancer, and bruising on his liver. He battled all of these health
conditions until his passing in 2011. With him having irregular heart beat, he was always tired and
his sleep patterns were always off. I remember the last five years of my grandfather's life. He was on
oxygen twenty–four hours a day and even ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I often times find myself wondering if there will ever be a viable treatment to help cure sarcoidosis.
I also wonder how the research to discover treatment for sarcoidosis will effect the economy. When
research is conducted there is usually millions of dollars that is used to help research a solution or
formula for a disease. Since sarcoidosis is a non–curable disease and is very rare I believe it will
cost more money for researchers to develop a cure since it is a rare disease. Many researchers have
announced that there is no cure for sarcoidosis. In the second peer review the authors spoke about
how sarcoidosis is a "immune

Auscultating Cough
The first step for a focused exam is a thorough history and physical that should include a detailed
timeline of a cough, provoking and alleviating events, sick contacts, travel and any other possible
sources for a cough (Goolsby & Grubbs, 2014). The extent of the diagnostic and assessments will be
determined by how the patient presents with a cough and how disruptive the cough is for the patient.
Auscultating lung sounds can help find the location, type, and severity of the potential source of a
cough (Dains, Baumann & Scheibel, 2016). Examining the head, neck and check externally looking
for changes in skin tone/color, jugular vein distention, lymph node status, rashes, hair changes,
swallowing, symmetry, retraction of the chest wall,

Bronchiectamin Case Study Examples
History of Present Illness: Ms. Mullaney is here for follow up of her bronchiectasis. Sputum culture
previously grew out multiple organisms to include microbacterium avium complex as well as
Acinetobacter and Enterobacter. I elected to treat her with a 10–day course of Levaquin. Today, she
states her shortness of breath and cough is significantly improved. She did see Peter J Sebeny, MD
on Oct 11th. His notes today however are not available for review. In speaking with her, however, I
get the impression that treatment for MAC is not clearly indicated at this point. She denies any fever
or chills. She does state that her appetite has returned. She has no other specific complaints at this
time. She notes that she barely used any of the Cheratussin that I prescribed for her for her use at
night. Medications: 1. Sotalol. 2. Trazodone. 3. Multivitamin. 4. Lorazepam p.r.n. 5. Lisinopril. 6.
Xarelto. 7. Vitamin D3. 8. Calcium. 9. Tylenol p.r.n. 10. Acapella Valve. 11. Cheratussin p.r.n. 12.
Dexilant. Physical Exam: Vitals: Temperature 97.1. Pulse 59. Blood pressure 117/75. O2 sat 95% on
room air. General: Well developed, well nourished. No apparent distress. Appears ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Should she become more symptomatic in the near future, it would be reasonable to perform
bronchoscopy for AFB cultures and should those results be positive, I believe further consideration
for Mycobacterium avium complex infection therapy would then be warranted. She does have some
plural thickening as noted on her CT scan in May and I have ordered a six–month repeat CT scan for
follow up. It is interesting to note that she does have some nodular disease that are both tree and bud
as well as in a bronchovascular distribution, which calls to question the possibility of sarcoidosis as
well. However, she does not have any significant mediastinal or hilar

Neurosarcoidosis Case Study
REASON
CHIEF COMPLAINT: Neurosarcoidosis.
BLANKLINE
The patient is being seen in the rheumatology clinic. He is a 38–year–old, African American, with
history of neurosarcoidosis affecting spine and pulmonary sarcoidosis. Patient was diagnosed
approximately two years ago with symptoms of neck pain, numbness, difficulty breathing, chest
pain, cough, and weight loss. At that time, he was started on prednisone and continues to be on
prednisone with good symptom control. He does report joint pains and extreme fatigue with chronic
back pain and joint pains in both legs.
He also has complaints of nonhealing sore ulcer on the right forearm which he has been treating.
Other health problems include asthma, chronic tonsils, low–back pain, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Prednisone 20 mg daily.
ALLERGIES
IBUPROFEN, SULFA, ______.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
He is well–built well–nourished slightly obese male not in any distress. He has stable vitals, blood
pressure 117/79, pulse 78, pulse ox 97 room air, temperature 98.2. HEENT: Head atraumatic,
normocephalic. Pupils equal, react to light. Chest is clear to auscultation with occasional crackles in
the bases with good expansion on. Abdomen is soft, nontender. Musculoskeletal exam is
unremarkable with no active synovitis in any joints. He has good muscle strength. Right forearm has
a nonhealing ulcer with integrated margins approximately 1 inch oval. He has extensively tattered
skin.
IMPRESSION
Steroid dependent, history of sarcoidosis and neurosarcoidosis with pulmonary sarcoidosis and
currently has fatigue with muscle pain and joint pain.
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Getting updated labs; CBC, CMP, ANA, antinuclear antibody, anti DNA rheumatoid factor, anti–
CCP antibody, angiotensin–converting enzyme levels (Ace levels to monitor activity of sarcoidosis)
to continue same medications at this time.

2. Also recommend getting dermatology referral to assess the lesion on his right forearm which has
been nonhealing and indurated margins, is suspicious of malignancy or sarcoidosis

Mosaicattenuation Patterns
3) Mosaicattenuation pattern– Mosaic attenuation refers to inhomogeneous attenuation seen at
inspiratory CT. This pattern may represent patchy interstitial disease, small airways disease, or
vascular disease. In patients with sarcoidosis,mosaic attenuation most often results from small
airways involvement by granulomas or fibrosis, which may lead to obstruction .In pulmonary
sarcoidosis, nodular thickening along of the airway (or bronchovascular bundle) from the lobar to
subsegmental level is a common finding due to non–caseating granulomas in bronchial mucosa.
[21]To verify that the CT finding is caused by air trapping, a finding of mosaic attenuation on
inspiratory images must be compared with the parenchymal appearance on expiratory images.[18]

Hypertensive Heart Disease Research Paper
Cody Tatum
274–9479
Pathology, 1902, 2015, Summer Semester
Death Certificate Assignment
Due 7/13/2015
Death Certificate #1 Name of deceased: George Jefferson Walker
Age: 64
Date of Birth: May 4, 1947
Date of Death: December 16, 2011
Cause of death: Hypertensive Heart disease
1. Etiology – Hypertensive heart disease is associated with high blood pressure related to the heart's
arteries and muscles. Blood is transported to the heart by coronary arteries. High blood pressure
causes blood vessels to become narrow which can cause the blood flow to the heart to slow and even
stop. Sometimes blood clots form and get stuck in the narrowed arteries and put the person at
serious risk of a heart attack. Poor blood circulation can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Diagnosis – Pulmonary embolisms are diagnosed through several ways; x–rays of the chest are done
to get a good picture of the lungs, MRIs are done to produce images that are more detailed than x–
rays, blood tests are sometimes conducted to check for a natural clot dissolving substance in the
blood, venography's are performed to get x–ray images of the veins in the lungs. CT scans are done
to get cross–sectional views of the lungs. Duplex Venous Ultrasound are performed by using radio
waves to check the flow of blood and to see if there are any clots existing in the legs. The most
effective way of diagnosing a pulmonary embolism is through a pulmonary angiography, this is
when the doctor makes an incision and inserts tools into the veins of the lungs and then puts a dye
though the veins to detect any blockages.
4. Treatment – For the larger and more life threatening clots, most often surgeries are the only option
to get them removed. For smaller blood clots, blood thinners and clot dissolvers are used to break up
the clots in the lungs.
5. Prognosis – The prognosis of a pulmonary embolism can range from very good to very bad. Some
pulmonary embolisms are so severe that death occurs in seconds to minutes. For others, after
surgery or clot busting drugs, patients are usually put on blood thinners to reduce the risk of having
another pulmonary embolism that could potentially be fatal. People who survive the embolism and
immediately get treated usually have a good outlook, but

Respiratory Diseases
Respiratory diseases can be classified in many different ways; by the organ involved, by the pattern
of symptoms or by the cause of the disease (Barron, 2009). Disorders of the respiratory system can
be classified into four general areas:
Restrictive conditions (fibrosis, sarcoidosis, alveolar damage, pleural effusion) Vascular diseases (
pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension)
Infectious, environmental and other "diseases" ( pneumonia, tuberculosis, asbestosis, particulate
pollutants): Coughing is very important, because it is the body's main method to remove dust,
mucus, saliva, and other debris from the lungs. If unable to cough can lead to infection. Smoking
cigarettes and second hand smoke are the leading ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How are infections of upper respiratory tract different from those of lower respiratory tract?
The main difference is the location of the infection. An upper respiratory tract infection would
include infection of the nose, nasal cavity, nasal and paranasal sinuses, the larynx and pharynex. A
lower respiratory infection would include infection of the traches, bronchi, or bronchial tree, the
lungs or pleural cavitiy.
Why are infections of the upper respiratory tract milder as compared to those pertaining to the lower
respiratory tract?
Lower rspiratory tract infections have secretions low down that can block the airways and prevent
sufficient oxygen being available to the lungs (Health Blurbs, 2015).
. Upper respriatory tract infections aren't so bad because if your nose is blocked you can breathe
through your mouth , so oxygen availability isn't much of an issue.
Describe the curative methods for each of upper and lower respiratory tract infections Treatment for
an upper respiratory tract infection may include rest, increased fluid intake, over the counter
medications to manage the symptoms, vitamin C, zinc, echinacea and nasal spray (Health Blurbs,
2015). Treatment for a lower respiratory tract infection may include increased fluid intake, NSAIDs,
antibiotics and over the counter

White Blood Cells Lab Report
In activity three, a total count for white blood cells was conducted using a sample slide with a blood
smear. The slide was observed under microscope with the above data as the result. The normal
percentages for each blood count are as follows (zukur):
Normal Results (Sheep) Our Results
· Neutrophils: 10 to 50% Neutrophils: 46%
· Lymphocytes: 40 to 75% Lymphocytes: 20%
· Monocytes: 0 to 6% Monocytes: 23%
· Eosinophils: 0 to 10% ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An increase in lymphocyte can be a cause of some types of cancer such as lymphoma, lymphocytic
leukemia, and other chronic illness.
The monocytes fight certain infections and help other white blood cells remove dead or damaged
tissues, destroy cancer cells, and regulate immunity against foreign substances. An increased
number of monocytes in the blood (monocytosis) occurs in response to chronic infections, in
autoimmune disorders, in blood disorders, and in certain cancers. An increase in the number of
macrophages in parts of the body other than in the blood (such as the lungs, skin, and other organs)
can occur in response to infections, sarcoidosis, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. (Merckmanuals)
Basophils appear in many specific kinds of inflammatory reactions, particularly those that cause
allergic symptoms. Basophils contain anticoagulant heparin, which prevents blood from clotting too
quickly. They also contain the vasodilator histamine, which promotes blood flow to tissues. An
increase in basophil count can confirm that there is an infection or some type of

Methotrexate And Its Effect On Sarcoidosis Essay
Methotrexate and its effect on sarcoidosis Amanda Roll University of Cincinnati Cronstein, B,
Eberle, M, Gruber, H, & Levin, R (1991). Methotrexate inhibits neutrophil function by stimulating
adenosine release from connective tissue cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
88, 2441–2445. Abstract Sarcoidosis is a potentially chronic inflammatory disease/disorder that
causes abnormal tissue clusters in various parts of the body. Depending on where they form, they
can interrupt or prevent function of that specific part of the body. They can form in multiple areas.
Its effects also depend on the person, as some people are asymptomatic. Others use medications, like
corticosteroids, to treat their symptoms. However, methotrexate is not a corticosteroid, but can be
used to treat the symptoms of sarcoidosis; because of this, it is referred to as a "steroid–sparing"
agent. Both types of medications can be used together in therapy. Methotrexate acts to increase the
release of adenosine in the body to inhibit the cell's ability to induce tissue damage, preventing the
autoimmune characteristic of this disease. Knowing this, we're one step closer to determining what
causes the development of sarcoidosis, and can further investigate ways to treat it. Discovering
another form of treatment could possibly help prevent innocent patients from experiencing some
dangers and side effects methotrexate causes, like hepatotoxicity. Introduction Sarcoidosis is

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Essay
Other forms of secondary restrictive cardiomyopathy include scleroderma, Friedreich's Ataxia,
hemochromatosis, glycogen storage disease and sarcoidosis. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy
used to treat cancer can also cause restrictive cardiomyopathy. Sarcoidosis is caused by the
infiltration of granulomas in the heart and other tissues of the body. Lungs and lymph nodes are the
main organs targeted by this disease, but no organ is spared as it also affects the central nervous
system and skin. In the USA, the occurrence in the white population is estimated to be 11 per
100,000. It affects people between the ages of 20 to 30 years and occurs more in women than in men
(Dubrey, Bell, Mittal, 2007). Hemochromatosis is caused by the buildup of iron in the heart tissue
which can then lead to heart arrhythmias. Scleroderma is a disorder of the connective tissue that
leads to fibrosis of the skin, heart and lungs. Glycogen storage disease, also named Pompe's affects
infants. It causes increased storage of glycogen and fat tissue in the body. This causes the heart then
to become very heavy and thick. Infants tend to struggle to breath, have trouble feeding and fail to
meet developmental steps on time like rolling over and sitting up. Fabry Disease, a glycogen storage
disease, is an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kussmaul's sign can be observed due to increased venous pressure. Heart sounds are usually normal,
however a third heart sound referred to as S3 may be heard due to rapid ventricular filling.
Regurgitation murmurs may also be heard. EKG abnormalities vary depending on the progression of
the disease, but are abnormal in more than 90% of cases (Reardon 2017). Abnormalities include a
low voltage QRS most often due to an infiltrative disease, atrial arrhythmias and abnormal ST–T
waves. Chest radiography shows a normal cardiac profile with cardiomegaly and bi–atrial
enlargement. Pleural effusions may be present as

Thalidomide Analysis
Analogs of thalidomide
Thalidomide has three more different type of analogs, include lenalidomide, pomalidomide and
apremilast. According to the article of Prommer (2009), the three analogs of thalidomide is produced
by the reaction of proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis and an element called TNF–α which is
tumor necrosis factor. Because of thalidomide increases the degradation of RNA to product more
amount of TNF–α and thalidomide can combine and active α1–acid glycoproteins with inherent
anti–TNF–α.
Thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide are the mechanism of multiple myeloma (MM) and
work together as a TLP. They can increase the amount of activity in T–cell and anti the activity of
cancer.Lenalidomide is a second generation of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and can treat the
hematologic malignancies. It is less toxicity while compare with the thalidomide compound
(BioMed Central, 2009). The function of apremilast is to increase the activity of PDE4 enzyme
(Phosphodiesterase–4 inhibitor) by reducing the amount of the immune and non–immune cell which
are called cyclic–adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). In addition, by increase the amount of PDE4 it
can decreases the anti–inflammatory mediators production, like, IL–10.6 which combine by
multifunctional cytokines synthesized.
Return in other medical treatment aspect ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After many century, it was discovered that success on kill and treat the skin cancer, such as,
Erythema nodosum. The study by Wu, et al. (2005) found that the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration allowed thalidomide used as drug for different type of skin disease, such as,
cutaneous sarcoidosis and erythema multiforme. In addition, recent research of Haslett, et al. (2003)
has found thalidomide acting as a T–cell to increase the antiviral of CD8[sup+] which is a natural
killer cell that help T–cells to destroys target

Extreme Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Case Study
Death Certificate #3
Name of deceased: Louvenia Alexander Forrester
Age: 30
Date of Birth: November 8, 1981
Date of Death: January 13, 2012
Cause of death: Extreme Pulmonary Fibrosis; Pulmonary Hypertension
1. Etiology – Pulmonary fibrosis is a condition in which the lungs are scarred throughout their
surfaces. It is often caused by chronic inflammatory diseases, infections or environmental agents,
exposure to radiation, or chronic conditions such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis(Pulmonary
Fibrosis, 2014). Additionally, in this very young patient the cause may be idiopathic in that there
really is no known reason why it occurs.
Pulmonary hypertension in this case likely resulted as a product of the initial pulmonary fibrosis. As
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Treatment – Medications that may be used in the treatment of emphysema include bronchodilators,
inhaled steroids, and antibiotics. Therapy options may include pulmonary rehabilitation, nutrition
therapy, and supplemental oxygen. Surgery that may be used includes lung volume reduction
surgery which removes chunks of damage tissue to allow the remaining tissue to move more freely
and lung transplant.
5. Prognosis – Survival depends upon the staging of the disease. Currently there are two staging
systems used. These are the GOLD and the BODE. BODE stands for Body mass index, or the
weight of the person, O is obstruction, which is determined by pulmonary function tests, D is for
dyspnea, and E is for the ability to exercise. The GOLD standard is as follows:
Stage I, Mild emphysema: FEV1 greater than or equal to 80% of normal
Stage II, Moderate emphysema: FEV1 less than 80%, but greater than or equal to 50% of normal
Stage III, Severe emphysema: FEV1 less than 50%, but greater than or equal to 30% of normal
Stage IV, Very severe emphysema: FEV1 less than 30% of normal, OR less than 50% of normal
with low blood oxygen levels (Emphysema, 2013).
Combining both systems results in the following survival

Essay On Inflammation
First Name Last Name
Course #/Title
July 4, 2015
Inflammation and Cancer
ABSTRACT
According to the most recent evidence, there is a direct link between chronic inflammation and
certain types of cancer. Inflammation generally occurs due to a bacterial or viral infection, such as a
chronic bladder infection, which over time may be more susceptible to bladder cancer. This is
especially true for individuals who are overweight or obese, or exhibit disorders like diabetes,
hepatitis A and B, HIV/AIDS, and other bacterial/viral disorders.
INTRODUCTION
The links between cancer and inflammation, being the protective response of the tissues of the
human body to irritation caused by an injury, a virus, or bacteria, and which may be acute or ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, micro–organisms like microbes which includes bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, and
other microbial life forms (Glanze 754) "may cause cancer due to opportunistic infection, such as in
Kaposi's sarcoma" (Herpes virus 8) and "gastric cancer (i.e., cancer of the stomach)," caused by H.
pylori bacterium which can also affect the human colon via "long–standing inflammatory bowel
diseases" caused by microflora or certain types of fungus (Nahoun, "Why Cancer and
Inflammation?"). Inflammation has also been shown to exacerbate the conditions necessary for
developing certain types of lung cancer. As noted by Nahoun, medical conditions "associated with
chronic irritation and subsequent inflammation" are often predisposed to cancer. A prime example of
this phenomenon is cigarette smoking which often causes inflammation in the lungs via diseases like
sarcoidosis, a chronic disorder of unknown origin characterized by the formation of tubercles tissue
in the lungs. In some cases, sarcoidosis as an inflammatory disorder can be found in the spleen,
liver, mucous membranes, the salivary glands, and the lymph glands (Glanze

Miliary Tuberculosis
Clinical manifestations of miliary tuberculosis are nonspecific and wide ranging, depends on the
predominant site of involvement. Fever, night sweats, anorexia, weakness and weight loss are
presenting symptoms in the majority of cases. Occurrence of daily morning temperature spikes is
reported to be characteristic of miliary TB5. Patients have cough and other respiratory symptoms
due to pulmonary involvement. Physical findings include hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and
lymphadenopathy. Eye examination may reveal choroidal tubercles, which are pathognomic of
miliary TB, in up to 30% of cases. Various hematologic abnormalities may be seen, including
anaemia with leukopenia, lymphopenia, neutrophilic leukocytosis and leukemoid reactions, and
polycythemia. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy are more likely to provide bacteriologic
confirmation, and granulomas are evident in liver or bone–marrow biopsy specimens from many
patients. If it goes unrecognized, miliary TB is lethal; with proper early treatment, however, it is
amenable to cure. The following criteria have been proposed for the diagnose of miliary TB6: (1)
clinical presentation consistent with the diagnosis of TB– like pyrexia with evening rise of
temperature, night sweats, anorexia and weight loss of greater than 6weeks in duration – responding
to antituberculosis treatment; (2) typical miliary pattern on hest radiograph; (3) bilateral, diffuse
reticulonodular lung lesions on a background of miliary shadows demonstrable either on chest
radiograph or HRCT scan and (4) microbiological or histopathological evidence of TB. Non
parasitic causes of pulmonary eosinophilia include miliary tuberculosis, Wegner granulomatosis,
sarcoidosis and drug reactions, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia etc. There are some diseases like
JOB's syndrome in which there is hypereosinophilia, eczema, recurrent skin and pulmonary
infections (like miliary tuberculosis) apart from other

Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease Analysis
Disease that makes it hard to exhale all the air in the lungs, and when the airways becomes narrow
that cause the air to come out slower is considered Obstructive airway disease. In addition patient
with obstructive airway disease find it difficult to breathe while increased activity or exertion.
Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Asthma, and Cystic Fibrosis are some of the
obstructive airway disease. In details, COPD is a group of conditions characterized by obstruction to
airflow in the lungs. Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, and emphysema are condition of COPD. Smoking
is the common cause of COPD. "persons with COPD are unable to maintain normal blood gases by
increasing their breathing effort. Hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and cyanosis develop, reflecting an
imbalance between ventilation and perfusion"(Porth, 2011, p. 582). ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The pharmacologic treatment of COPD includes bronchodilators. Medication such Albuterol,
levalbuterol, and ipratropium, are bronchodilator that comes in inhalant or liquid form that you add
in to nebulizer. These medications relax the muscles around your airways. Anti–inflammatories are
also used to help reduce the swelling and mucus production inside the airways. "Drugs used to treat
asthma and COPD include drugs to block inflammation and drugs to dilate bronchi"(Karch, 2013, p.
941). Oxygen therapy is use as additional therapy for COPD patients. Managing the exacerbations
includes treatment such as antibiotic, because bacterial or viral infection can cause exacerbation. Flu
and Pneumococcal vaccination is also recommended to COPD

Taking a Look at Sarcoidosis Essay
Sarcoidosis is a disease caused by inflammation happens in the lymph nodes, lungs liver, eyes, skin,
and other tissues. The disease can affect almost every organ inside or out. Although the most
common form of it is in pulmonary sarcoidosis, found in lungs, about 90 percent of cases of in the
lungs. When a person gets this disease tiny clumps, granulomas form in the affect organs in the
body. Granulomas are cluster of immune cells. When are too many granulomas form in an organ it
affects how the organ works. Doctors think people with sarcoidosis have genes that make it easier
for them to get the disease. Things that might trigger it are infections, bacteria, viruses, dust, or
chemicals. Scientists also believe that sarcoidosis is immune ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Sarcoidosis in the bones, joints, and muscles cause muscle weakness, arthritis in ankle, knees,
elbows, wrists, hand and feet. About one fourth of cases have the disease on their eyes, the signs and
symptoms are soreness, burning, itching, red eyes, sensitivity to light,dryness, and seeing black
spots.
Sarcoidosis is one of the more harder disease to diagnose. This is because the signs and symptoms
sarcoidosis can mimic others diseases. Most of the time doctors find this disease by a regular chest
x–ray show that something is wrong. To accurately diagnose this disease will provide with physical
exam, pulmonary function tests, measure how well your lungs are working/ how you're breathing,
x–ray of lungs and chest, look for enlarge lymph nodes and glands or scar tissue in the lungs, even a
biopsy of inflamed area, CT scan, lung gallium scan, imaging of the brain and liver, and
echocardiogram of the heart.
Many sarcoidosis patients do not need treatment. Sarcoidosis most of the time heals itself. The
disease tend to spontaneously appear and disappear.When treatment is need is when sarcoidosis is in
the lungs and other important organs, the goal is to keep the organs functionally normality.Most
common antibiotic prednisone, which is a corticosteroid that reduces inflammation the affected
areas in the body. Medicine that also suppress the immune system is prescribed. Surgery might be
recommended to remove some of

My Mom Marked Me-Personal Narrative
My mom picked me up at four thirty on September 30th, a Thursday. Four Thirty, way earlier than
usual. Dressed in blue jeans and sweater, this was not her work attire. Perhaps she just had one of
those awful migraines she gets at least once a month. Walking through the burnt orange leaves my
mom and I pass the main building, and the middle school building. My mom has not said a word.
She hits the "unlock" button twice to enter her Mercury Mountineer. As I sit down to buckle my
seatbelt, she parts her lips to speak the unfathomable. "At around one o'clock today, Aunt Jackie
died." Aunt Jackie, my mom's stepsister was possibly the most angelic person I had ever met. As my
mom struggled holding back the tears to speak again a wave of

Sarcoidosis Research Paper
As previously stated, Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown cause, and scientists are continuously
researching its exact origins. Scientists know that immune cells emit chemicals that signal other
cells to come protect an organ from a toxic substance. Subsequently, this causes inflammation in
one's body. In Sarcoidosis patients, this swelling does not recede but forms granulomas of immune
cells on an organ. Some scientists theorize that an external trigger such as bacteria or dust may lead
to the onset of symptoms. Also, research strongly supports that Sarcoidosis occurs from the genetic
inheritance of mutations in multiple genes. Gene mutations are changes in one or few nucleotides in
a single gene. One gene affiliated with Sarcoidosis is gene

Research Paper On Chest X-Ray
The painless imaging– chest X–ray– Human body is so complicatedly designed that even a minor
issue in an internal organ or organ system can lead to very major consequences for the patient to
bear both physically as well as mentally. But with the increase in advancements in science and
technology, medical science has reached to extremes for finding out the solutions to every problem
faced in the treatment of health problems or any problem faced in the surgeries or operations. When
surgeons faced the problems of not being able to see the inside picture of the various parts of the
bodies then x–ray techniques were invented out of which chest X–ray is known to be the most
important one. Actually a chest X–ray is known to be very fast and painless

Clinical Registry Essay
A clinical registry has the important purpose of collecting information about a specific population of
patients. Clinical registries allow healthcare facilities to maintain data and track groups of patients.
Hospitals are required by law to maintain certain types of clinical registries, such as tumors/cancers
and reportable diseases for the CDC. When hospitals all over the country submit their registry data
to a national database, it becomes much easier to create statistics and find trends or patterns.
Hospitals can also use their own clinical registries to track their own local statistics. Clinical
registries can collect a wide variety of information. Already mentioned was tumors/cancers and
reportable diseases but there is also implanted ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This registry is a non–profit organization, not connected to the government, that asks for patients to
voluntarily input their information into this registry that funds research and creates statistics for the
disease. FSR–SCARC requests information such as name, location, how long the disease has been
active, any treatments received, and age. Also, information on symptoms, what organs are affected
by the disease, what specialists the patient has seen, and the impact is makes on the patient's life.
Annually, patients are reminded via email to update their registry information in order to give
researchers the most up to date information. According to the organization, it collects this
information because sarcoidosis is considered a rare disease with less than 200,000 patients. It
would be difficult for an independent research facility to gain enough participants, but opening the
registry to the internet opens up the doors for people who would otherwise not be able to participate.
FSR–SCARC states that it will protect medical information by de–identifying it through separation
of patient demographic information from the medical information. The website also gives
information on consent for adults and assent for those under 18 years of

CAT: Tracial Infection Disease (CSD)
CAT–SCRATCH DISEASE Overview Cat scratch fever is also called cat scratch disease (CSD), it
is a bacterial infection. The infection takes its name because most of the people get from cats
infected with Bartonella Hensel ae, which is one of the most common bacteria in the world that
mostly spread by the cat. Causes CSD is a bacterial infection spread which occurs by the bite and
scratch by the cat but sometimes Dog and monkey bites also have been implicated, as well as thorns,
pins, and splinters. Nerves, bites and human–to–human transmission also have been supposed as
possible sources but none has been clearly proved. Symptoms The most common symptoms you can
see after 3–10 days of the site of the scratch that are following: Most common

The Russell Body: The Infectious Bacterial Cause Of Cancer
Although medical science claims the cause of most cancers is unknown, there is evidence
accumulated since the late 19th century to show that cancer is a disease caused by infectious
bacteria (not to be confused with viruses which are not visible microscopically). In 1890 the noted
Scottish pathologist William Russell (1852–1940) discovered round forms in cancer tissue which he
interpreted as "the characteristic organism of cancer." These forms were subsequently discredited as
infectious agents but have become known to every pathologist as "Russell bodies." (For more details
see, "The Russell Body: The forgotten clue to the bacterial cause of cancer" at:
www.rense.com/general44/russell.htm)
The most vocal proponent of bacteria as a cause of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Additional papers on the microbiology of cancer are presented online at the Journal of Independent
Medical Research web site (www.joimr.org). References and abstracts on 10 cancer microbe
medical publications can be found at the National Library of Medicine's "PubMed" web site
(www.ncbi.nlm.gov/PubMed/). (Type in "Cantwell AR + cancer

Research Study On Conducting Communication Research
When conducting communication research, it is extremely important to take ethics into
consideration. Will this research be confidential, will you use deception, and will the research you
are doing harm any of the participants, are all extremely important factors to consider. These factors
will be identified and considered while using the following hypothesis: As children increase their
technology usage, interpersonal communication skills decrease.
Confidentiality & Anonymity The first ethical consideration that must be established is whether or
not the study will offer confidentiality to the participating parties. In the instance of this
communication research study, when it comes to trying to prove or disprove the hypothesis, there
will be no reason to not offer complete confidentiality and anonymity. In this study, we are
analyzing children and the guarantee of confidentiality and anonymity would offer comfort so the
participants can act naturally without fear of judgment (Jamison, n.d.). If I were a participant in this
research study, I would prefer that all of the data collected remain confidential. I personally do not
feel that the research study would need to be anonymous. This is because I am an adult and am
comfortable in my responses as they pertain to the hypothesis. The hypothesis is not asking any
overly person information be disclosed. However, since the hypothesis involves children that could
be minors, I feel it is necessary that confidentiality and

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