1980 Miracle on Ice: US defeats Soviet Union in Olympic hockey

The Olympic Hockey Game Between The Soviet Union And The...
The 1980 Olympic hockey game between the Soviet Union and the United States known as the
miracle on ice is the most incredible moments in recent American history due to the significance.
The United States was truly an underdog kind of like David and goliath, because no one expected
the United States to win against the soviets. The time in history is also important as the game took
place during the height of the cold war and these two nations that could break into nuclear war at
anytime had to face each other in a hockey game. This rivalry between the two countries transferred
on to the game and the result was amazing, at least for the United States.
In modern day America sports are a very important part of our culture, because we are constantly
watching sports and participating in sports. In any sport we watch mythology is present. The very
act itself of playing the sport is reflective of old roman times when gladiators would kill for the
crowds entertainment although today instead of killing its by hitting a home run or scoring a goal.
"At their best, sports are about the extraordinary capacities of the human spirit."(Wolter). These
athletes can become extremely popular to the point were they are viewed as superhuman just like in
myths, and there is a reason because the best athletes in their respective sport do what no average
person could do. "The most legendary performances speak of almost super–human feats: the sub 4
minute mile, Michael Jordan's flu stricken playoff
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

What Did The World Economic Downturn Of 2008-09 Boost...
Assessment 2: CHANGING BUSINESS ENVIROMENT
Q1. To what extent did the world economic downturn of 2008–09 boost China's position as a world
leader?
A1. China began its 2008, fiscal year with a continuing growth rate in double digits until the Global
Financial Crisis struck the world leaving the United States and the Europe economically wounded.
Though during the phase it was assumed China would be immune to the GFC, however the banks
collapsing in the Europe and the America dragged China into a financial mess itself. The recorded
GDP growth for the fiscal years 2009–10 were 9.6% and 9.2% respectively. (Li, Willett & Zhang,
2012). However, for other countries it might be delighted to have such a potent growth rate, it was
missed that the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Incidence in past informed China's reserve and sensitive attitude towards the criticism of its policies
and actions. It has even gone to an extent to shun political and high figures that it disapproves and
has openly challenged. In May 2012, the Chinese official declined to meet their British counterparts
because of the ties of the British Prime Minister David Cameron with Dalai Lama, the leader of
Tiber over which China exercises sovereignty. (Branigan, 2014)
Q3. To what extent are the China's domestic problems likely to hold back its bid for "great power"
status?
A3. China's exceptional growth rate has influenced a domestic concern for the Chinese causing
inequality in the country. Many agriculture and factory workers have expressed concerned of the
growing middle class sector leaving people in the primary and secondary sector dissatisfied. Even if
there is a tremendous growth rate in the economy Chinas domestic problems are likely to cause
China to hold its "great power status". This has come about worse for the Chinese authorities as it
slows the national growth of the company in the long term basis. Concentration of wealth in the
hands of a few can result in the political strife. With the prevailing level of communism and liberal
views within the China, such concentration power might result in further problems.
However the current growth also seems to impact the affluence population to enjoy

Maximizing Naitonal Security Through Foreign Policy
Foreign policy can be understood as a set of political goals that aims to outline how a particular state
will interact with others For Beach (2012), "Foreign policy actions can be undertaken using a
variety of different instruments, ranging from adopting declarations, making speeches, negotiating
treaties, giving other states economic aid, engaging in diplomatic activity such as summits, and the
use of military force". No matter which instruments are used, the primary objective of states in
outlining their foreign policies is to maximise their national security. As such, states go about
maximising national security through different means such as by military force, economic prosperity
and/or the welfare of its people. However, it has been ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
States within the international system are said to be existing under the same conditions as there is no
effective overarching authority mediating disputes between nations (Waltz 1979). Realists argue that
states are compelled to seek power in order to ensure their own security. They posit that the primary
national interest of all states is national security. Though there have been different strands of realism
within IR theory, they are all united in their subscriptions to the concepts of survival and self–help
(Dunne & Schmidt, 2011).
Due to realists depicting the international realm as anarchic, the first priority of state leaders is to
ensure the survival of the state. Because there is no guarantee that states can ensure their safety from
external threats, the use of force which can escalate to war is seen as a legitimate tool of statecraft –
such force can be used to start wars or be used as an element of coercive diplomacy (Art & Cronin,
2003). For realists, the possibility of states using force against one another is ever–present,
generating insecurity between them. But anarchy is not the only factor that generates insecurity
between states. First, most states possess some form of offensive capability which they can use
against rivals. Second,

My Experience In My Life
I love to learn. I think of knowledge as having your very own super power, however I do not like all
the unnecessary negative aspects of high school. Everyone says you'll look back and wish you were
still in high school; so do not try to grow up too fast. High school has opened my eyes to what is
most important in my life. Every difficult experience with the help of my grandmother has shaped
me to develop the willingness to look inside myself and to believe in myself. I have gained a great
deal of personal insight throughout the many obstacles of my life. I was the kind of person who did
everything for everyone else. I put everyone before myself time after time again soon to realize it
was destroying me. I was working so hard to please everyone else I forgot about myself and what I
needed to survive. If it wasn't for my grandmother I do not know if I would have ever been the
same. She made sure I was still focusing on my grades because she told me it was the most
important thing I can do to better myself. My grandmother is one of the greatest people in the world
there is just something about her that amazing and I know I wouldn't be here without her. I started to
think I was doing everything wrong and I caused everything to go bad and everyone to hate me. She
reminded me that I was just trying to make others happy and they did not deserve it they walked all
over me and hurt me. I realized how strong I was how much I had been dealing with and how far I
was going to go.

America's Superpower
"When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, the United States became the world's sole superpower"
(Weiner). It is vital for The United states to act its part as the world superpower and continue to help
govern and protect developing and recovering countries. As the world's only superpower we are
given the opportunity to either stand by and watch as millions of people die from acts of terror and
corruption, or use our immense political, economical, and military power to help save, and better the
world and the lives of potentially billions of people. It is important America acts as a whole now
more than ever, these following years of action or inaction of the US in the middle east can and will
affect not only the US but countries around the world. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Inaction is more dangerous and can cause a "potentially riskier and costlier –– than smart, limited
intervention. Syria may seem far away, but every passing day, every calamitous, explosive, hate–
infused day, makes it more America's –– and the world's –– problem" (Ghitis). Everyday more and
more people are being displaced out of their homes and land because of war and terrorist acts posed
by ISIS and the corrupt governments like Syria. These injustices imposed by these groups spread
and will eventually effect of the world in action is not taken now. As seen by (Ghitis) again when he
shows ""Millions of Syrians have fled their homes, straining resources and occasionally raining fire
into Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, Iraq and even Israel." These millions of displaced refugees hurt
surrounding countries and have forced them to even put up border lines and gates preventing these
refugees from flooding their countries. This inflicts great stress and problems to these countries.
Countries like Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, and Iraq, because they are now having to increase security
spending and take care of millions of homeless people who are starving and dying of injuries or
disease that they just do not have the supplies to help. At this point, this is where the US needs to be
brought in, if not sooner. The US has the capabilities to prevent all of these problems, but

Realism and Neo-Realism Essay
INTRODUCTION
The most historically entrenched theoretical perspective in international relations theory is that of
classical realism. Surprisingly though classical realism was not sensationalized in the international
relations arena until World War II despite its existence in fifth–century Athens. Many great
philosophers such as Thucydides, Machiavelli and Hobbes developed the basics of classical realism
and in 1948 Hans J. Morgenthau made the great leap into contemporizing classical realism theory
with his six principles of political realism, the basics placing the state as the central power in the IR
system.
Barely three decades later the world has developed so rapidly that theorists such as Kenneth Waltz
went on to address a new ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With that Morgenthau insists "...all politics is a struggle for power that is inseparable from social life
itself." (Lebow, 2010) "[Power's] content and its use are determined by the political and cultural
environment." (Morgenthau, 2004) For that reason war becomes a regular condition of IR in the
classical realist's theory, simply because war is the nature of human beings and power is the end all
means by which national interests are secured and advanced rather than as a consequence of a
possible lack of understanding about historical circumstance, their level of understanding or even
perhaps because their leaders were objectively flawed themselves.
While classical realists recognize that states exist in an anarchical "self–help" system where they
must rely on power to protect and control their existence it is there that they suddenly divorce the
state from its domestic civil society as well as any other international actors aside from other nation
states proclaiming autonomy in their own political realms. This is in order to "recognize and pursue
the interests of the nation [state] as a whole, and not those of particular powerful groups within the
community...". (Grieco, 1997) This comes as no surprise so long as we recall that states are and will
always be obsessed with their own national security, their ability to be able to protect and at best
advance themselves in whatever capability possible which means having the choice and independent

Global Distribution And Balance Of Power
Every country differs in economic wealth, military might and political power. As one will soon see,
this is not a universally agreeable proposition, but the United States is observed by some as the
world's sole superpower since the conclusion of the Cold War. Below, there will be an exploration of
the literature on the global distribution and balance of power. Then, there will be an examination of
the most stable global distribution. Additionally, the United States' ideal strategy to keep its military
superiority will be examined.
Since the conclusion of the Cold War and the subsequent dissolution of the Soviet Union, America is
the world's sole superpower. Militaristic option to try to balance the United States seems to be off
the table ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pape blames President George W. Bush's "unilateral action" in several fronts for making it possible
for other nations to balance the United States. The United States did not face balancing because of
America's reputation of being a team–player in the world stage. Per Pape that reputation no longer
exists. As a matter of a fact, Pape believes that soft balancing is currently in the works and as an
evidence for his hypothesis, he mentioned the Iraq war and the resistance of some of our supposedly
staunchest allies such as France to essentially not go along with the United States' plan at least
initially. There is a very legitimate fear that unless the United States changes its unilateralism, soft
balancing will continue to occur. (Pape, 2005)
Stephen M. Walt believes that although the United States is still strong, our influence over the world
has declined. Mr. Walt predicted China will be the largest economy by 2025. One could argue this
has already happened in terms of GDP. Countries such as India, Turkey, and Brazil are not yet ready
to challenge the United States economically, but, within their own geographical region, they are
becoming regional powers. Mr. Walt conceded that the United States will still be the most powerful
country in the world, but the world will be a bipolar system, adding China as the other superpower
in addition to the United States or perhaps the world will become a multipolar system with

Balance Of Power In International Relations
Balance of power is a key concept in international relations. There are many different arguments
about this concept that disagree on whether or not it causes or disrupts peace in the world. Two main
arguments include those made by realists and liberals. While realist theory holds that a balance
between the major powers will create peace, liberals point to many examples in which this isn't true.
There have been many shifts in world power since the first world war that can serve as examples of
peace compared to types of power in the international system. While no theory may be completely
right, examples from the past century or so seem to prove that liberalism has the most accurate
explanation of balance of power and how it relates to peace in the world through democracy, norms,
and institutions. Because of this, states should not follow the advice to balance against power, but
instead seek peace in different ways such as democratization to maintain democratic peace. As I
stated earlier, balance of power is a very important concept in international relations. It is a realist
theory that can be defined as an "arrangement in which capabilities are fairly evenly distributed
among the major actors" (Kinsella 79). Basically, international stability exists when no major power
dominates the international system. A balance of power can exist in multipolar systems by alliances
between major powers, and in bipolar systems by two states matching each other's military
capabilities.

Essay about Rise of China and India
Sam Schneider Student number: s2919337 Question being answered: Does the rise of china and
India pose a threat to the American power Tutor name: Daniel Ringuet Since the early stages of the
1940 America has risen to power and stayed in power. To date America is considered the only true
world super power. In the past the Roman Empire, Greek and Egyptian were all very dominating but
even then there were challenging dynasty so they can't be called a 'super power'. In today's society
the world has two more economies forcing their way to the top, these two economies are China's
and India's. The question being answered in this essay is: 'does the rise of developing countries like
China and India pose a serious challenge to US power?' I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
India is increasing its hard power substantially and if they begin to increase their soft power input
they would be a real force to be reckoned with. There are two types of powers to an economy its
'hard power' and it's 'soft power'. Hard power is the countries ability to use their military power and
other economics means to influence the behaviour or interests of other economic bodies. The soft
power is the power that comes from diplomacy, culture and history. America has maintained it's
current economical position of power for so long due to its hard power, America is renowned for it's
military power but are lacking in soft power, Schmemann (2011) states "The soft powers of wealth
and information has distinctly shifted", he is referring to how china is advancing in both soft power
and hard powers. This does pose a serious threat to America because the more and more china
begins to interact in international affaires the more powerful they will become and eventually they
will take over if it continues to go this way. At the rate that China is going CNN money has
predicted China to take over as the world leading superpower by the year 2030, so if America
doesn't start to change it's ways it will no longer be considered the world's leading super power. As
previously stated India is investing in it's military to further improve their weapons and defensive
systems, but much like China they are still lacking in soft

The Neo Realist Thinking Of Waltz Along With John Mearsheimer
Neo–realism, also known as structural realism or system level theory outlined in Theory of
International Politics (1979) has been Kenneth Waltz's response to the Realism theory by Hans
Morgenthau (1948). The neo realist thinking of Waltz along with John Mearsheimer, Robert
Keohane, Stephen Krasner, Charles Kindleberger and Robert Tucker George Modelski had a deep
impact both within and beyond the realist tradition. Unlike classical realism, Neo realism does not
consider human nature as relevant when it comes to the behaviour of states in international system
rather explains it in terms of structure of the international system. As per neo realists, the
international structure is predominately defined by their ordering principles (anarchy) and the
distribution of capabilities (power) across units. In the neo realist theory, power is simply the
combined capability of a state and changes in the structures can be explained by the distribution of
power across the states. Waltz claimed that any theory of international relations should be able to tell
both about the units–states– and the system as a whole.
This essay will focus on the neo realist approach of International relations and explain why,
according to the neo–realists, states want power and argue how much power states should aim to
control. The first section of the essay will introduce the concept of power within the international
relations context and then the second section will delve into the question of why in

Will China Dominate 21st Century? By Jonathan Fenby
''Will China Dominate 21st century?''which was written by Jonathan Fenby is so significant book for
China' recent situation and its future. Jonathan Fenby is well–known British Journalist, writer and
analyst. He is searching a answer to the question what ''will China dominate 21st century? He
criticizes the China's rising global power on the world. Furthermore; Fenby separated the content of
the book into five parts. The subjects of these parts are respectively China's Watershed, the political
Trap, inflection point, behind the dream, and also why China will not dominate the 21st century.
Each part will try to be handled clearly as following parts. In each part; He explained some reasons
for China's unsustainable situation, which means ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to him; China is significant country which affect the other countries in terms of
international trade. In this book; the power of China or rise of China ruled by communist Party is
handled at this century but he is searching whether that power is sustainable or not? Jonattan Fenby
analyzed the strengths and weakness of China to ask his question. China's domestic products is
restricting the other country's ability in terms of global influence. According to him; this success
cannot be sustainable because of PRC's short run activities. Fenby have used empirical data in this
book to indicate the global ranking. China seems to be globally powerful in terms of economic
growth, national unity, relative stability, lack of opposition etc...However; China depended on USA
in terms of economics, military spending, energy, environment, technology, education,
demographics, society and culture. There is also lack of innovation and agriculture in a country.
Furthermore; raw materials are supplied from other countries in china ,that is, it dependent on other
countries. Some structuring systems like Infrastructure were overestimated. Moreover; there is no
balanced income groups among people with inequal economic

The Future Of Us China Relations Essay
"China Rising" is a non–arguable fact and the one of the most important subject in the twenty–first
century. The rise of China is a relative threat to the neighbor regions or other great powers. Further,
some scholars also comment that China either will replace or has already superseded the United
State as the world's only superpower. China's growth is too rapid and massive that other nations
have limited or no opportunity to compete with it. By using international relations theories to
analyze US–China relations, there are three main stream theories commonly using to explain this
case: Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivism. In addition, in the article "The Future of US–China
Relations" composed by Aaron L. Friedberg, professor of politics and international affairs, he
comments that people predict US–China relations with two different views – optimistic or
pessimistic. However, which international relation theory applies this political phenomenon the best
is still debatable. This paper will argue that the conflicts between the two nations are normal while
China is growing, because the conflicts are derived from different perspectives. Pessimistic realism
and optimistic liberalism are two main points that will be addressing when approach to this critical
issue. Finally, the main argument in this paper is to show why pessimistic realism will eventually
prove to be accurate and true to explain the future of US–China relationships. When encounter the
issue of US–China

Industrialization Expansion in Russia and Japan Essay
Much of Western Europe quickly industrialized after Great Britain. If they did not, they were
immediately outclassed by the British in trade and military strength. Industrialization made good use
of the natural resources in a state. Some nations industrialized a while after Great Britain and were
falling behind. Two of these states were Russia and Japan. These countries experienced change in
governments, economic power, and social structure as a result of industrialization. Yet, these states
went through their industrializations in very different ways than each other. Russia, industrialized as
a result of many peasant revolts. The revolts led to the emancipation of the serfs in 1861, they
received land but the political chains were still ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The concentration of power into the emperor's hands led to many changes in the government of
Japan. The samurai class was quickly abolished, a national army was formed, political parties
formed, an upper House of Peers and lower House of Diet were formed, and a constitution was
drafted. Russia was very agriculturally based and did not have the sufficient technology to
industrialize. States could industrialize when an efficient agricultural system was implemented to
provide sufficient food for the factory workers that did not have land to farm. It is the trend seen
from the beginning of civilization. Trade specialization can only occur with a surplus of food.
Therefore, the first step for Russia, on its way to industrialization, was to become more efficient at
farming. This was achieved with the emancipation of the serfs. Still without a middle class, the
government played a strong role in the early decisions with industrialization. The tsar during this
time, Alexander II, had a great railroad network created that allowed for more efficient use of
Russia's plentiful natural resources. With the change of government in Japan, economic change soon
followed. Banks were founded to invest in capital, railways and steam boats were developed,
restrictions on trade such as tariffs and guilds were removed, and land was re–distributed. These
reforms helped spur the Industrial

What Are The Theories Of International Relations
International Relations as "a discipline concerned with the relationships existing between sovereign
units in the international arena, wherein each unit (state or non–state actor) may be motivated by self
interest and the pursuit of power, however the behavior of each unit is not independent of the
prevailing norms existing within international society.
In other words it provides a network upon which international relations can be analysed and how
nation states interact with other nations within an international system . The study of international
relations have take a wide range of theoretical aspect and approaches. Every person has a different
opinion and hence there is bound to be a room for difference in opinions . hence it is important to
know and study different theories and approaches in international relations. theories in international
relations have been developed to , both to understand the causes of events that occur in international
relations and to answer the foundational questions in the field.
Since there is a whole spectrum of different views and opinions about the theory and vast nature of
international relations theories, it raises a question on credibility of the theories which have been
developed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In recent years scholars have questioned prevailing narratives about clear theoretical traditions in the
discipline of international relations. Thucydides, Machiavelli, Hobbes and other thinkers have
become subject to re–examination as a means of challenging prevailing uses of their legacies in the
discipline and exploring other lineages and orientations. while various theories may lead to
compelling conclusions on international relations but none of the theories can be said to be
absolutely right or wrong since they are all based on ideologies and

American Hegemony in the Twenty-First Century: Consensus...
American Hegemony in the Twenty–First Century: Consensus and Legitimacy
Abstract: Since the end of the Cold War, the United States has been the world's only unquestioned
superpower. How the United States evaluates its position as global hegemon has important
consequences for American foreign policy, particularly with regards to the potential for future policy
constraints. Thus, this paper seeks to consider the question: How durable is American hegemony?
The paper first defines the state of American hegemony and then considers the primary challengers:
Europe, Russia, China, Japan and imperial overstretch. It will conclude that in the long–term, East
Asian geopolitical instability poses the greatest threat to American hegemony, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
But what this means for both the United States and the rest of the world has been highly contentious.
The twenty–first century is seen alternatively as the century of the spread of freedom or of the
breakdown of global peace. On the one hand, the "triumphalist" school of international relations has
proclaimed the end of history and the triumph of the Western idea as embodied in the American
state. On the other hand, the "clash of civilizations" school has forebodingly predicted a backlash
against globalization, a fracturing of the world into civilizational conflict.
At the heart of the debate is the question of American primacy. Is the United States' hegemony
durable? And is it even a good thing–should we seek to preserve it? Those are the principle
questions that this paper seeks to answer. Although the United States is undoubtedly the world's
most powerful country, the degree of its dominance, its facets and its limits are all crucial aspects to
explore. The topic of American hegemony must be raised again with an eye specifically looking
forward towards the future. Delving into this topic not only addresses the crucial debates at the
center of the international relations theory, but it also offers important prescriptions for United States
foreign policy by accounting for the shadow of the future. Indeed, considering the durability to
American hegemony is a crucial task for Americans as we begin the twenty–first

A Brief Note On The Emerging Superpower Of An Individual...
Asha–mariam ali hersi
Student number: 11054753
China the emerging superpower
Acknowledgement
despite the following dissertation being an Individual project I would have never reached my fully
potential without my lectures and my supervisor is help and therefore I would like to extend my
sincere & heartfelt obligation towards all the lectures who have helped me in make an effort towards
getting best possible support for my dissertation and who faith in me and urged me to do better.
Without their active guidance and constant encouragement, I wouldn't have been able to complete
my dissertation. I would like to thank the supervisor Mr Andrew Moran whose expertise,
understanding and knowledge on this topic has guided me supported me in completing my
dissertation and allow me to emailing him when I wasn't able to attend my appointment,
nevertheless I was able to communicate effective with him by e–mail and this was helpful for me.
For my project reflective log report I have outlined which methods I used to conduct my research in
it have explained my expectation within regards to my research and what research skill I have used
or haven't used before and how this benefited my research alongside that I have highlighted the
problems and issues and development I had with writing my research project and towards
conclusion it will reflect my overall view towards writing my research project.
Contents
1.Expectations
2.Research skills
3.Problems /issues/Developments

The Global Distribution And Balance Of Power
Polarity
Every country differs in economic wealth, military might and political power. As one will soon see,
this is not a universally agreeable proposition, but the United States is observed by some as the
world's sole superpower since the conclusion of the Cold War. Below, there will be an exploration of
the literature on the global distribution and balance of power. Then, there will be an examination of
the most stable global distribution. Additionally, the United States' ideal strategy to keep its military
superiority will be examined.
Since the conclusion of the Cold War and the subsequent dissolution of the Soviet Union, America is
the world's sole superpower. Militaristic option to try to balance the United States seems to be off ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pape blames President George W. Bush's "unilateral action" in several fronts for making it possible
for other nations to balance the United States. The United States did not face balancing because of
America's reputation of being a team–player in the world stage. Per Pape that reputation no longer
exists. As a matter of a fact, Pape believes that soft balancing is currently in the works and as an
evidence for his hypothesis, he mentioned the Iraq war and the resistance of some of our supposedly
staunchest allies such as France to essentially not go along with the United States' plan at least
initially. There is a very legitimate fear that unless the United States changes its unilateralism, soft
balancing will continue to occur. (Pape, 2005)
Stephen M. Walt believes that although the United States is still strong, our influence over the world
has declined. Mr. Walt predicted China will be the largest economy by 2025. One could argue this
has already happened in terms of GDP. Countries such as India, Turkey, and Brazil are not yet ready
to challenge the United States economically, but, within their own geographical region, they are
becoming regional powers. Mr. Walt conceded that the United States will still be the most powerful
country in the world, but the world will be a bipolar system, adding China as the other superpower
in addition to the United States or perhaps the world will become a multipolar system with an

Us a Declining Superpower? Essay
Chris, Christoferson
HIS 113
Fall 2011
Declining Superpower.
At the end of World War II, the United States became a superpower. Its strength and status reached
another peak in the mid and late 1990s as the Cold War ended: it accounted for about 30 percent of
global economic output. However, after it entered a new economic cycle from 2000 to 2001, the
American share of the world economy has gradually dropped. At the same time, certain situations,
including the "weakening of advantages compared to other countries," have appeared in some main
areas of the United States' national power. This trend already started before the September 11, 2001
terror attacks, continued during the international financial crisis, and remains today. Is the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fareed himself, many immigrate to our schools. Many have belittled our high and grammar schools
with low standards and poor teaching skills, but our suburban schools are among the best in the
world. " We have a meritocracy of test takers, you have a meritocracy of thinkers and doers" (Book
475) The Schooling creates a high immigration and advantage to the U.S., in 2010 foreign student
will earn more than 50% of PH.D.s, and many of these students remain in the US. Finally Dr. Fareed
Zakaria believes, the Universities and Government support our scientific innovations with research
in nanotechnology and bio technology, a multibillion dollar industry for the world.
No fundamental changes have occurred in the sources of the United States' power and influence,
such as the economy, science and technology, military strength, international political influence, and
cultural soft power. The United States is still the only comprehensive superpower in the world. The
difficulties and problems existing in the United States currently are fundamental or comprehensive.
Some may be short–term. No overall, obvious and fundamental "decline" has appeared in the
strength and status of the United States yet. Although the strength and influence of the United States
is somewhat less than it was before the economic crisis began in 2008, no clear long–term decline
trend has appeared.
Besides its status and

The Effects Of The Balance Of Power
The Effects of the Balance of Power
Introduction
In the breadth of International Relations, political theorists have been seeking a solution to maintain
peace and stability among states. As conflict among states is imminent, it is impossible to fully
eliminate war and aggression. However, the scope of international relations is to create an effort to
minimize conflict by using communicative techniques and strategies. The best way to create
diplomatic resolutions is to understand the function of the actors and their roles. The "balance of
power" is a strategic concept that offers a feasible solution to bring about stability and harmony to
conflicting states.
The primary instrument that engages the prospect of war, peace, and the balance of power is the
amount of actors who possess power on the international stage. There are three main systems to
classify the allocation of power in the international community. The three systems include a
unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar world. Many realists' theorists correlate multi–polar systems as
destructive and problematic in causing wars. Meanwhile, it is widely agreed that bipolarity
encourages stability and a unipolar world is the most ideal in maintaining peace. The objective of
this paper is to analyze these three concepts of distribution of power and how it has affected the
international stage after World War II.
Conceptualization: Balance of Power
The "balance of power" theory is considered a rudimentary concept in the field of

Essay Factors Keeping China From Becoming Today's Super Power
There are significant inhibiting factors keeping China from becoming today's world power. One of
the main arguments is that China's economic success today is just a replica of the U.S.' housing
bubble before it crashed (Robinson). They are building faster than their expanding middle class can
keep up with (Robinson), which was the exact problem the U.S. had right before the market crashed
and they fell into a recession. China would have to slow their rapid expansion down in order to
avoid crashing just like the U.S. did several years ago. Another argument against China's candidacy
as hegemon is that they act too much like a "bullied nation" (Ng). China feels the need to "react
strongly" when negative remarks are directed at them, which ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It would be near impossible for China to replace the western set of ideals with their own in today's
established society. U.S. brands are also far more popular on the international scale. Products like
Coke and corporations like McDonalds can be found worldwide, while China does not have
products or chains like these. These U.S. companies show that the U.S.' influence is widely spread
today, however with China's current economic boom, it would not be impossible for a product or
company to become popular internationally. China's current minimal militaristic approach suggests
that they do not want to become a world power through force if necessary, and is instead focusing
on their economic growth to further expand their influence. Today, there are people who claim that
China is beginning to colonize Africa: "a staggering 750,000 Chinese have settled in Africa over the
past decade" (Malone). Since Africa is home to an abundance of natural resources, China wants to
expand within Africa in order to gain control over their loosely regulated trade market in order to
gain more profits. While China has supplied some military sanctioned good of their own (Malone),
they supplies that they have given pale in comparison next to what the U.S. owns and has lent out to
other countries due to the large gap in technological innovation between the two. "Rather than
challenge the existing global order, China has adopted

The Pros And Cons Of Super Power
Many of us since we are little, imagine what it would be like to have super powers. Not only that,
but we also put into consideration which superpower would be the best, and why. Every time
someone asks which super power you think is the best you actually start to carefully list cons and
pros in order to get to the best super power. If I were to choose a super power, which one would I
chose? I would probably choose teleportation, also known as, teletransportation. I would choose this
super power because I could travel wherever I wanted to go. Not only would I be capable of doing
that, but also I would be able to do it without wasting any money. Unless you decide to walk, every
other method of transportation has a cost, but if you have teleportation you would be able to move
places in a free way, and also a lot faster. You could also get there in a matter of seconds. Say for
example, you have an emergency, and you need to get fast somewhere, for instance the hospital, you
could simply teleport there. You would save a lot of time that could probably save your life. ... Show
If you decide to use teleportation a difficulty you may encounter with is the following: you will find
yourself unable to enjoy the trip, for example the car ride to your beach house, the airplane flight to
another country, etc. For some people the trip is what really matters to them, not the destination. Of
course, if you are one of these type of people then you won't think of teleportation as a great super
power. Most people care only about getting somewhere fast and without wasting too much money, if
you are one of these type of people, then you will definitely enjoy this super power. Besides that
there really is no other "limit" in this great super power. If you compare and contrast the cons and
pros it's pretty obvious that this superpower has a lot more pros than cons, therefore making this a
great super

The Education Of The United States And China
Modifying Education in the United States and China
Perhaps there is nothing more imperative to the success of a nation today than the education of its
people; developed education leads to innovation, an improved economy, and, possibly most
importantly, a confidence from society about government. The rise of every great nation has been
preceded by advancing education. Although education has been mostly examined from the
perspective of higher education in the past, this lens fails to provide an adequate picture of the
average citizen. Students now attend higher education at larger percentages than they did 50 years
ago; nevertheless, the only mandatory education that a citizen receives is as a minor, under the age
of 18. Developed nations ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nonetheless, China's leaders have done a magnificent job, particularly in the last 10 years, of
changing international perception about their international goals and their trustworthiness. More
people around the world have a positive image of China now than they have had in the past 50
years.
The United States, on the other hand, has seen a decrease in their global status since the 1980's.
Although it remains a Superpower, more and more American citizens believe that their days as a
hegemon are behind them and that their leadership on the world stage is diminishing. This dying
belief in American exceptionalism is a problem for the US. In order to achieve many of its domestic
and international goals, a democratic government needs the support of its people, and if the people
decide they are no longer capable of, or interested in, being the world leader, their position at the
"top" is unsustainable. In the future, this waning attitude of exceptionalism is likely to change the
way that America interacts with both its allies and its adversaries.
Despite their differences in language and culture, China and the United States actually have many
striking similarities, one of them being that they are two of the most populated countries in the
world. Although the population of China is more than threefold that of the US, both countries
understand the struggle of protecting and providing for an enormous

Essay about Great Power Hegemony
Name: Sayed Jamaluddin Firozi,
St no: 1B1019
Great power hegemony
There is a question that which system (empire, balance of power, concert of power or great power
hegemony) provides the best conditions for advancing peace, prosperity and civilization? There are
several opinions about the advantages and disadvantages of each system and the functions, abilities
and disabilities of them to maintaining the peace and stability in international arena. But I want to
argue on hegemonic power system as a preventer of war among states and a maintainer of peace as
comparison to other suggested types of system for advancing peace, stability and civilization in all
over the world. Hegemonic power system is the best system for ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For example USA as a hegemonic state "pays the 22 percent regular expenditure of United Nation
and 25 percent of the budget while UN goes for peacekeeping operations around the world. On the
other hand, "the system of balance of power doesn't seem to contribute the cooperation among states
but in contrast it pushes the states to go for a competition and armament race because each state in
the system will increase its capabilities to make the balance in the system. Eventually this
competition will lead nation state to build its arm forces". However, there are some arguments about
the weakness of hegemonic power to prevent states from going to war. They argue that hegemonic
power has its own limitations in term of internal and external barriers to go as policeman around the
world. This arguments see very good and logic. But they don't have any proposal that which system
could be the best to make the world more peaceful and prosperous. So, despite these points of view
the other types of system such as balance of power or concert of power likely aren't good
replacement for great power hegemony system to be succeeded for making peace and stability in the
world. So I will try to give more examples from history of international relations to show the other
systems (empire and balance of power or concert of power) couldn't make a stable and peaceful
world. But mostly went to war and there was fear of attack from other

Global Future Of The United Kingdom
Global look in the next twenty–five years
Introduction
Power in the global system is relative and always changing. Countries and regions fall and rise
mainly due to the unbalanced levels of economic growth, imperial overstretch and wars. Some
global regions develop more drastically compared to others due to domestic institutions, policies,
effective political leadership, technology and the ability to mobilize state resources that put them at
an advantage position over another state and regions. Just some decades ago, the United Kingdom
has been the center of the global.
The next 25 years will witness drastic shifts in technology and may even change the idea of being
human beings to an amazing scale. However, in the short run, the next 25 years, the globe will still
be under the activities of nation–states and the key issue will be the power shift from the west to the
east (Forbes, 2013). By 2040, the international platform will be more sophisticated, divided between
a wide America sphere of influence in the Middle East, Europe and south Asia, and a Chinese sphere
in Africa and East Asia. Even while having its sphere of influence, the United States will experience
challenges from previous peripheries. The huge, well–educated populations of Brazil, Turkey,
Poland, and the surround states will create their blocks, and Russia will strive to revive itself.
Nonetheless, The United States will not cease being the world's strongest superpower. The financial
problems in the United

The Dangers Of Threats To The United States
The United States has many great threats to their security. There are people everyday who would do
anything to make sure the US can no longer be the biggest world power. The United States is
currently battling some pretty serious threats to their security such as: ISIS, cyber threats, climate
change, and nuclear security within other states. Globalization has hugely impacted America's
position in the world because of our democracy being the world's leading superpower and our
MNC's contributing greatly to American consumerism. ISIS or commonly known as "ISIL" poses a
huge threat to the United States today. Currently as the National Interest says "ISIS currently
controls thousands of square miles of ungoverned territory"(Gottlieb 2017). ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
CNN states "the CIA thinks cyber attacks have the second greatest potential for national destruction
behind only a nuclear attack"(Goldman 2011). This statement explains how big of a security threat
to the United States cyber threats really are. There are hackers will hack important databases and
collect important/confidential information exclusive to the United States government. Firewalls
cannot even protect computers at this point. ISIS's physical attacks have been largely mitigated but
their ability to commit cyber warfare is troubling for the United States. CNN also warns that
"Though nations are unlikely to attack our systems for fear of response from the United States,
terrorists wouldn't hesitate. That's a worry, since our government is woefully unprepared for such an
event" (Goldman 2011). Overall, cyber threats are a huge security threat to the United States and the
country as a whole is unbelievably unprepared for that. Google defines climate change as "a change
in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th
century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide
produced by the use of fossil fuels." Neil Oculi from Humanity In Action says "Climate change
presents both internal security threats (threats geographically localized within the US) and external
threats (threats existing in regions outside the US that

United States Foreign Policy Analysis
The United States must have a solid international relations and an effective domestic policy in order
for the country to be well off and protected from any sorts of extortions.
International relations and United States foreign policy are different from domestic polices and
policymaking. Foreign policy is a way for the government to deliberate interactions with other
nations, but they usually work in a way to fulfill their own objective. Domestic focuses more with
policies that affects our country, such as taxes and healthcare. With domestic policies, government
officials decide on its activities. On the other hand, foreign deals with policies that allocates with
how our nation interacts with the rest of the world, such as war on terror, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The scale of American military authority, as well as our country's ability to deploy and use these
resources, is way beyond degree of any present or potential enemy (Greenberg & Page, 2014). Due
to our high budget spending in defense, the United States have exceeded other countries such as
China, France, Germany, Italy, and others in warfare. It is important because the military is our
security against our rivals. The more money that is involved with the military will only help
strengthen our nation and protection for the citizens of the United States. The military is what
protects us from hostile actions from any type of guerilla or terrorists threats. The United States
should use its positions as the major world power to influence international relations so it could be
idolized on the security of their nation, since we do exceed our budget on

A Summary On Proposed A Path For Peace. Kaku ( Di )...
DECLASSIFIED 10 OCTER D:016
Proposing a Path to Peace
Kaku (Di) Islands Dispute
15 Der., D:014
Since the cusp of the Diplomatic Age a century ago, Ælfe–Ork relations have taken a turn for the
worse. Two Ælfe–Ork wars humiliated the Ælves, resulting in loss of territory to a culture the
Ælves deemed derivative and inferior to their own. Part of that lost territory was the Kaku, or Di 1
Islands, largely barren landmasses significant for their strategic location between the two states, and
the meaning they have come to hold in power relations between the Ælves and the Orks. Relations 2
between the two states have become even more strained in recent years, as increasingly vocal Orkish
nationalists refuse to acknowledge the dispute, and express pride in the military aggression of the
Orkish Empire. As a corollary, the Orkish nationalists' pride in past military conquests means to the
Ælves pride in the war crimes committed by Orkish soldiers at the Rape of Nan in D:37, and
undermines efforts by Orkish Primorks since D:95 to convey regret and apologies for perceived
injustices committed by the Orkish Empire 's military. In the D:90 's during the Ælves ' rise to 3
economic power, the Ælves responded to the ongoing dispute by deferring conflict in order to
maintain equitable trade relations with the Orks, deescalating and preventing expression of anti–
Ork, nationalist rhetoric. In D:014, with the Ælven economy in a more favorable position, the Ælves
have responded 4 to tensions

China 's Struggle For Status
Chinese international relations and historian Yong Deng's latest novel, China's Struggle for Status,
analyzes China's rise in power and it's future trajectory according to his research. The novel was
released during what many consider the peak of China's growth, or at least when the world was
witnessing the prosperity of their country, the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The novel strays away from
the status quo of analyzing China's rise, and rather focuses more on the reasons behind why China
would want to become the world's top super power and its motives for control, if any. The book
explores China's fixation with status, and why it appears they try so hard to attain it. Rather than
simply writing about the struggle for power China has been experiencing and overloading the reader
with statistics, Deng took a different approach. He emphasizes the major part that ideals such as
reputation and status play in the political system and how they drive governments to want to achieve
these both, in this case China. Deng explores how China has adapted its government and political
system to successfully coexist with foreign countries, particularly after the Cold War. The novel
focuses on about six areas of concern, including a chapter discussing international human rights and
how China's policy in comparison to them. It goes without saying that this is a major area of concern
for China, as they have been heavily scrutinized for it, but Deng also mentions the improvements
that the Chinese

The Rise Of China Is Destroying The United States
The debate on whether the rise of China is displacing the United States (US) as hegemon is a
contentious debate. While scholars on the one hand argue that this is the case, others refute this by
arguing that despite the increase of Chinese influence in the South–Pacific, it is still far away from
becoming a global superpower. Using the theoretical lenses of Hegemonic Stability, Balance of
Power, and Realism, this paper will argue that the rise of China as global hegemon lacks theoretical
support; while in fact China is growing militarily, economically, and politically, it will not replace
the United States (US) as Global Hegemon.
To contextualize, this paper will first define the concept of power and hegemony in International
Relations (IR). Cox (1983) took an adaptation of Gramsci's notion of hegemony to better fit IR
studies; he says the hegemony is determined mainly by preconditions such as of political, social and
economic superiority over other states. To illustrate this, the United States did not find another state
to confront its dominance and supremacy in the Post–Cold War era (Krauthammer, 1990) and after
its defeat of the Soviet Union in 1992. Thus, according to Cox's definition, marking the starting
point of the US' title of 'unipolar hegemon' that is arguably still prevalent today.
Moreover, this paper recognizes that polarity does not mean the same as hegemony. To elaborate,
hegemon states are the actors and polarity is the structure of the international

How Kenneth Waltz Argument Of Offensive Realism?
Kenneth Waltz, a well–known figure in the domain of the International relations was born on June 8,
1924, in Ann Arbor, Mich. He was American political scientist and a member of the faculty at the
University of California, Berkeley and Columbia University. He was a foremost neorealist thinker
and a proponent of structural realism. His theory of structural realism broke away from the
traditional understandings of classical realism which focused more on the individuals rather than the
state structure. Classical and neo classical realists emphasized the normative aspects of realism as
well as the empirical aspects while many contemporary realists pursued a social scientific analysis
of the structures and processes of world politics and in the process they tend to ignore norms and
values.
The basic argument put forward by Kenneth Waltz is that all states are sovereign, but with ... Show
The struggle for power is very much evident in the world politics and the growing role of United
States of America (USA) and China is a clear indication of this. Post– cold war, with the fall of
Soviet bloc, USA became the sole superpower. Since then it has left no stone unturned in increasing
its influence in world politics. Contrary to the Waltz argument that states will only seek optimum
power only to defend themselves, we have seen how US has tried to increase its influence in every
nook and corner of the world.
Waltz also seems to offer contradicting opinion in his theory of proliferation of nuclear weapon for
world peace. The theory looks bit flawed as it violates its fundamental principle of world harmony.
"Lesser the power, lesser the finger on trigger" was the explanation given in favor of bipolarity, but
by making more number of nations nuclear capable it is leading to a situation of maximum number
of fingers on trigger where nuclear war is pretty

Analysis Of Mahan's Advocacy For Sea Power Against...
In many scholarly and military circles, the writings of Mahan and Mackinder are often portrayed as
two purist theories opposing one another. Scholars pit Mahan's advocacy for sea power against
Mackinder's insights into the benefits of land power and soon the real genius of both is lost. (For
examples, see Dodds and Sidaway 292, 2004 and Colls 238–239, 2002 as cited in Dodds and
Sidaway 293, 2004 and Holmes and Yoshihara 25, 2005). In truth, in almost every respect, Mahan's
and Mackinder's views are complementary. While Mahan does emphasize the importance of sea
power to a nation's economic prosperity and security, his passionate insight is a far cry from any
assertion against the importance of land power. Conversely, Mackinder's insights focus quite
extensively on the potential for a country to develop a powerful land force on the core of the
Eurasian landmass, but again we see throughout his writing the underlying assumption of the
importance of sea power. Both men agreed on so many salient points that it is far better to read their
works as a whole and thereby glean the collective wisdom of their perspectives, than to analyze
them separately as two opposing schools of thought. In this way, one can see that their
complementary insights are greater than the sum of their individual works. There are a few scholars
that recognize this unfortunate trend of depicting a false land power vs. sea power debate. Jon
Sumida is one who acknowledges that the Mahan texts are often

Hourglass Vs Invisibility Cloak Research Paper
The invisibility cloak and the hourglass are both very magical and powerful objects. Both options
have very much to offer to the lucky receiver. Although, when it comes to true events, the
invisibility cloak is the better option. The invisibility cloak is the better choice out of the two
options. This is because it can protect the lives of innocent people and animals when used for good.
One day, if a government based spy needed to spy on alleged terrorists, the spy would be able to
watch and listen the terrorists silently. If this occurs and the spy found out information, the spy
would be able to notify the government immediately and stop the issue before it happens. This could
not only save the lives of a few targeted people, but it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since it is an invisibility cloak, it will make the receiver completely invisible with no shadow or
body parts showing. This can be used to hide from someone trying to hurt or kill the receiver. It even
can be used to win a game of hide–and–go–seek if needed. The invisibility cloak once proves itself
again by protecting the lives of human beings and winning childhood games. On the other hand, the
hourglass is also an option. The hourglass allows the user to have an extra hour of time each day.
This gift could give more times for activities, homework, and fun. It could also give more time for
sleep or rest, especially during a busy 8th grade year. The hourglass is a very resourceful option out
of the two choices. However, the hourglass does not make enough sense for the option to work. It
says that the hourglass will give the user an extra hour of time each day, but since there are twenty–
four hours a day only, the hour does not fit in. The user of the hourglass would then have twenty–
five hours a day unlike the rest of the world, therefore messing up time for themselves and
potentially the time balance of all humans. In order for time itself not to be messed up, this option
should be

How Globalization Went Bad
HOW GLOBALIZATION WENT BAD
Article 51: How Globalization Went Bad
From Terrorism to Global Warming
Emily Hudak
Dr. Trautman
January 20, 2011
Abstract
Steven Weber believes that "evils of globalization are even more dangerous than ever before." In his
article he describes what has gone wrong, gives reasons for the instability, and provides solutions.
Article 51: How Globalization went Bad
From Terrorism to Global Warming In the Article "How globalization Went Bad" by Steven Weber
et al. the author describes several reasons why having the United States as the single super power in
this modern global market is not exactly a good thing. Weber says that the "evils of globalization are
even more dangerous than ever before...The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With only one superpower more nations will seek nuclear arms because they are without a
superpower ally. With multiple superpowers smaller countries will have no need for nuclear
capability because they are protected by a larger superpower. "Every country having their own
nuclear weapon will no longer be a necessity." In a multi–superpower world, great powers will split
the responsibility of monitoring nuclear growth around the world, and be able to team up when
trouble arises. Weber believes that this theory can be applied in other areas as well. Global public
health will be significantly improved with a multi–super power world. "Poor countries where
humans live in close proximity to farm animals are the best place to breed extremely dangerous
zoonotic disease. These are often the same countries that feel threatened by American power." With
a more health conscious global leaders, intervention in these countries will be made easier. Weber's
second solution is "Restoring the Balance." Weber explains that the United States continues
"dissuading potential competitors from challenging the United States, its allies and partners." In
other words "More American power is always better." George Kennan brought this problem to the
world's attention in the 1940's, when he suggested a European country rise to restrain the

United States as a World Superpower
Ashley Torgerson
Dr. Brown
International Relations
2nd May, 2012
United States as a World Superpower The rising to the status of world super power does not happen
overnight. To explore the journey to the top, we must recognize the struggles and obstacles that were
overcome. As Americans we can proudly say that we live in a country with globally recognized
supremacy. As stated earlier, it was not an easy title to obtain. Looking back throughout history we
can see specific examples of how we began our rise to power and what it has taken to preserve our
power. Some of our more recent history has shown that many people are questioning how much
longer we will be able to retain this power. I however feel strongly that America has the ... Show
While China may have the economic means to compete, they do not have the dominant military
force the United States has. "United States is the only country with the means to invade multiple
medium–size countries in other continents and still sustain very few casualties. No other country
currently is even near having the ability to project military power with such force and range"
(Internet Source). The combination of economic stability and military power has led to the United
States large impact in the international system. Hegemonic responsibilities are always put on the
world's dominant power. The United States has dealt with these responsibilities for many decades
and has proven its ability to lead the world in a harmonious way. Anna Applebaum from the
dWashington Post writes: "The United States is a superpower without a partner," meaning that the
United States has handled the world as a dominant power for this long and is not losing grasp of
that.
Bibliography
Academic Journals 1. Bar, Shmuel. "America 's fading Middle East influence." Policy Review 166
(2011): 41+. Academic OneFile. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. 2. Baker, Andrew. Constructing a post–war
order: the rise of US hegemony and the origins of the Cold War." CHOICE: Current Reviews for
Academic Libraries Feb. 2012: 1129. Academic

Security and The International System Essay
Some scholars have remarked that the rise of globalism and international non–state actors has
ushered in an age where the traditional tools of international relations are no longer necessary.
Rather than states competing with each other with the preverbal sticks, whether it be military force,
economic sanctions, partnering with other nations to deter potential aggressors, the new Post–cold
war world will be dominated with carrots. States will engage each other in positive–sum relations of
trade and cooperation. This however was only able to flourished because of the unrivaled military
supremacy of the United States. Without the United States as a global hegemony, traditional political
instruments will not see a decline but rather an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, unlike John Mearsheimer's offensive realism theory, the United States was relatively
benign. At the end of World War II, the United States was the only country with the atomic bomb,
the only major power with its industrial base intact, and capital to invest into other countries. With
exception to the Warsaw Pact, the United States saw no reason to become a threat allowing other
power to bandwagon with the United States in accordance with Stephen Walt's balance–of–threat
thesis. Through the containment of the Soviet Union, these institutions took root and created a
convergence of the world's nations under the United States. With the only potential rival collapsing
in 1991, the security of the United States military allowed nations to focus resources on economic
development rather than military forces. With nations cooperating with one another for economic
progression rather than competing, traditional international instruments became less important.
Military force, diplomatic pressure, and alliances are all actions for the security of a nation. With the
relatively assertive United States at the head of a uni–polar international system, there was no need
for significant military expenditures, and changes in the international balance of power. This
ultimately lead to Francis Fukayma's overly optimistic call for an "End of History." However,
regional rivals to United States military supremacy are arising

Non Proliferation Treaty And The Universal Declaration Of...
The functioning of an international order refers to the "rules of the game" that delineate how states
act toward each other. These rules or governing arrangements are intentionally constructed by states
to promote their goals and interests (Bull 1977: 8) These rules may be formal, operating through
mechanisms like international law, international treaties and alliances, and international
organizations, or they may be informal, based on more nebulous concepts like norms, principles,
and values regarding acceptable or legitimate behavior. These rules of the game identify the rights
and obligations of states, and they provide mechanisms for regulating conflict among states. The
post–1945 international order comprises a large number of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Thus, there is no central political authority that can establish rules, force states to obey them, punish
states that break the rules, or otherwise arbitrate among states (Jervis 1985). However, the major
theoretical paradigms draw different implications from anarchy.
Realism is a dominant theory of international relations focuses on state 's security and power
primarily. Besides, states are considered the only unitary rational actors where its survival and
interests is the cornerstone of interstates relation highly based on might rather than on right. Hence,
realists believe that people are by nature sinful and instinctively seeking power to dominant others.
Power will be everlasting in the human 's nature and the possibility to be eradicated is a utopian
aspiration (Kegley, 1993). On the other hand, Liberalism as a dominant theory of international
relations emphasizes peaceful interstates relations where the preference of states goes beyond
politics to economic and social interaction to achieve a harmonious environment and reducing war
conflicts. Basically, the liberals underline that states are not unitary actors and non–states actors are
significant to take a part in the realm since states are not rational and all actors will function better
together. Additionally, power and security dilemma is a secondary objective.
For realists, power and the distribution of power are the only important factors in IR. It is

Understanding Security Issues And Giving It A Specific...
Understanding security issues and giving it a specific definition has been much debated over for
many years. This is because theorists of international relations look at security from different
perspectives just like they examine the concept of polarity and power from different perspectives.
The argument the essay poses is that the concept of polarity can be useful in helping us to
understand security issues and this is because by looking at the three different types of polarity, it
can demonstrate to us how the security level of states differentiates. In addition, the essay will also
state that the neorealist perception on polarity is more convincing in today's world in comparison to
the view that the liberalist and constructivist has. In order to support the argument, the essay will
firstly look at the concept of security itself and the views that some theorists take on it. Secondly, it
will look at the concept of power. Thirdly, it will look at the three different types of polarity which
are; a) multipolarity, b) bipolarity and c) unipolarity. Fourthly, it will look at how polarity was
before, during and after the Cold War and following that it will look at the neorealist view on
polarity in comparison to the constructivist and liberalist. In addition to the above, it will look at
how China is rising.
According to Booth (2005), 'security has been one of those common–sense, pre–defined terms in
international relations orthodoxy that appear to be unproblematic until

The Power Of Invisibility
Have you ever wondered what the actual meaning of life is and why we are here? Evidently, there is
a reason for the existence of things and we are no exception. Every day we observe people struggle
to survive in the world, but no one seems to be interested in creating an exceptional and safer world.
But, what if we could procreate a difference? What if we were offered the opportunity to have the
abilities that we only observe in movies, the ability only super heroes are forenamed to have? What
would you do with a superpower? The privilege of having any kind of super power contains its
responsibilities and can easily be used for either exceptional or unpleasant deeds. Having a super
power, such as invisibility would not just be astonishing, but it would increase your ability to
perform activities and help people. The power of invisibility consists of being impossible to be seen
or perceived by any sight sense. You might be thinking that invisibility isn't considered a colossal
power, but if you behold at the bigger picture, you might just realize the potential of a power like
this. Can you imagine the tons of things you could ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What if I sneaking somewhere in a mission and I were to find a villain's den figuring out all of their
sinister plans? I would be able to eradicate their plans from the world, and would prevent the
suffering of a variety of people. I could destroy all of their equipment to prevent everything from
happening. This action will be even more useful than time traveling. Many might ask why it
contains a higher quality. For one reason, we crave to turn back time to fix our mistakes, but if there
are no mistakes to fix? Life would be more suitable considering that we would have nothing to
regret about. In the meanwhile, someone with the super power or invisibility will be able to help
society and shape the human beings living in

China's Sudden Rise to Power Essay
In the current anarchic world, The United States acts as the global hegemon. However, China's
recent rise to power has lead international relations experts, Ikenberry, Mearsheimer, Subramanian,
and Friedberg, to predict an upcoming power shift in the international system. China's increasing
control over the Asia–Pacific region has threatened U.S. power. According to Waltz, the realism
paradigm interprets the anarchic structure of the international community, as a constant power
struggle. Although each country may be different, to survive, they must all strive for power. Under
the liberalism paradigm, the system is still anarchical but cooperation may be achieved by shared
norms, and aligned political and economical interests. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Snyder claims that realism failed to predict the Cold War. Given this, Mearsheimer states "China
cannot rise peacefully." Since realists describe the world as a self–help system, according to Posen,
every country "must look to its own interests relative to those of others" and because "security is the
preeminent issue in an anarchic world, the distribution of capabilities to attack and defend should
matter." Thus, because China's strive for regional hegemony inevitably threatens the power dynamic
of the global system, the U.S. will, according to Mearsheimer, take an offensive realist approach that
will eventually lead to war. In addition, as seen in post–Cold War, economic stability greatly
determines the distribution of power. Friedberg notes, that the projected "speed and magnitude of
China's growth in recent decades appears to be unprecedented" and as early as 2015, "China's
economy could overtake that of the United States." Although the U.S. faces an unprecedented
challenge to economic power, according to Ikenberry, China has signaled cooperation by
"redoubling its participation in existing institutions, such as the ASEAN Regional Forum and the
East Asia Summit or working with the other great powers in the region to build new ones."
Nevertheless, following the actions of the U.S. post WWII, China strategically makes "itself more
predictable and approachable" to reduce "the incentives for other

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