City Life In The Late Nineteenth Century

City Life In The Late Nineteenth Century
Living in the city in the late nineteenth century had a good amount of positive and negative aspects. One of the positives was that there were very
many new job opportunities with all the factories and construction being built. More means of transportation were available in the city, such as trolleys,
railroads, and steam driven cars. There was a common focus of increasing and improving the museums, art galleries, amusement parks, and skyscrapers.
Many people in the city were ready to move forward technologically to better progress in America. However, there are arguably more amount of
negative aspects than there are positive. There were little to no rules and regulations, that in modern times would seem absurd not to have in place. Poor
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There also weren't multiple exits in case of emergencies. Before the codes one could build whatever kind of building they wanted, pass it off as an
apartment, and rent it out to people to make profit with no regulations. Another common thing to see in the cities is waste being thrown in the
streets, because there were no regulations when it came to sanitation. Because of the little to no sanitation, diseases were very easily able to be
spread. A dramatic increase in the population was prominent, as more and more immigrants came to America, causing many civilians to become
homeless. In many ways the city life in the late nineteenth century has similarities and differences to modern day city life. One of the similarities is
the conflict of a mass amount of immigrants coming to America, as we can see when we watch the news and hear modern day politicians debate on
the issue. Another similarity is that many of the population of large cities are ready to keep improving technology to better progress in America.
However, there are now thankfully a lot of differences. Now in modern times there are laws in place to improve cities. Modern day apartments are
now required to have multiple exits, fire escapes, and are able to be provide heat, water, and electricity by the
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The Late Nineteenth Century: The Gilded Age
What did Mark Twain mean when he referred to the late nineteenth century as "The Gilded Age?" This was the first question posed in the prompt,
and I believe it is important to first explain what Twain meant by the word "gilded." Gilded means "covered with a layer of gold," but it also
conveyed the idea that the surface does not represent the core – while holds little real value and is thus deceptive. (Textbook, 494) Consequently,
despite the appearance of immense wealth on the surface, the gilded age was a time of greed and immorality. During this time period (1870 –1890), the
United States changed from a predominantly agricultural society of famers and agrarians, to a more urban society that relied on industrial corporations.
Factories, Railroads, and Lumber companies flourished, and workers were paid relatively high wages compared to that of their European counterparts.
However, despite the outer appearance of success, political corruption was rampant. One of the most notable examples of this surrounded the Credit
Mobilier corporation. This corporation was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To answer this question, there were several reforms taken that communicated many Americans' frustration with issues regarding labor injustice, poverty,
and notable arguments concerning wage inequality. In 1877, the year of both the Reconstruction and the first Railroad strike, significantly illustrated
what one politician called "the overwhelming labor question." When Pittsburgh railroad workers protested a pay cut that significantly slowed the
progress of rail traffic, militia units used brute force to urge them back to work. These units even fired upon some protestors, which led to angered
workers burning down the city's railroad yards, resulting in millions of dollars of property damage. (Textbook, 501) This was just one of the ways
Americans sought to reform an issue they thought was

Imperialism In The Late Nineteenth-Century
In the late nineteenth–century the European nations, the United States, and Japan were now intending to own considerable amounts of the world. This
came about because of the demand of industrial resources and business antagonism for new market inflamed competition for African and Asian
territory. In 1876 the British Government announced that they were an empire, after seizing India. Many other governments at this time were
following the British government. These event are what started imperialism. By definition imperialism is, "a policy of extending a country's power and
influence through diplomacy or military force." With the growth of imperialism Nationalism also grew. Gaining territory was considered a huge victory
to the imperialist.

Working Conditions During Late Nineteenth Century
Working Conditions in Late Nineteenth Century
From New Era to Great Depression, 1920–1932
The Great Depression is a global financial crisis that affected developed nations in 1930. Although nations started experiencing its onsets towards the
end of 1929, most developed countries felt its impacts in 1930. However, when it ended different countries experienced signs of recovery in the late
1930. Most importantly is the occurrence of Wall Street Crash that took place in 1929, where it was seen as the interchangeable term that used forGreat
Depression. Apparently, this event emanated from the US and is considered as one of the causes of the Depression. Although, the occurrence of the
depression took place after the collapse of the stock market exchange, the depression did not arise because of the collapse of the exchange. Therefore,
this paper seeks to illustrate the causes of the Great Depression.
Overpopulation
Overpopulation is a critical issue that resulted in the Great Depression. Apparently, the challenge did not affect industrial producing companies only,
but also the Agricultural sector. In the early 1920s, farmers in the US were producing much less food that could not sustain the entire population.
Because of the drop in the prices of land, the agricultural sector started to fail resulting in a decrease in food production because of a fall in demand.
For this reason,
unemployment rose in the US. On the other hand, industries were affected because they could not

The Era Of The Late Nineteenth Century Reformers
In the late nineteenth century reformers' efforts to "save the Indians" failed due to them taking away their way of life having the conform to the ideas
of the white Americans. Reformers attempt to help the Native Americans was definitely unhelpful. The reformers main goal was to make them
conform to the way of life as white Americans. Reformers took them of their land, took away their culture, and there was of life with new laws and
reform that was supposed to help the Indians but instead it hurt them and their culture. Also the younger generations were forced to study in schools the
white American way of life. They were taught the American history according to the white Americans, their language was forbidden in the schools and
they... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ella C. Deloria, A Yankton Soiux said " It wasn 't easy to make a spiritual and social adjustment. The people were too used to living in large family
groups, cooperatively and happily. Now, here they
were in little father–mother–child units often miles from their other relatives, trying to farm an arid land." The Dawes Act was the answer to the
White Reformer to please the American settlers that were trying to take the land the Indians lived on and help stop the fighting that was going on
because of this land. The Dawes Act gave Native Americans a piece of their own land that allow them to own it, which they did not hold the deed to.
The Federal Government held the land in trust for twenty–five years awaiting the Indians becoming United States citizens. Despite the alleged
safeguards, tribal lands were often lost by fraud or coercion, so that, by 1934, white Americans owned two–thirds of lands originally reserved for
Indians.(Schultz,327) The land given to the Indians was undesirable to most because the land was barren and infertile making it hard for the Indians to
grow crops and survive of the land. Also with these reservations came schooling for the children of the Indians. Reformers believed that teaching the
Indians would help them understand the laws and history of the United States and help with the literacy problem and preparing them for American
Citizenship. Commissioner of Indians Affairs, Thomas J. Morgan said "

Compare And Contrast The Expansion Of The Late...
Before the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, we see the United States claiming and expanding beyond their original borders that are even
today still claimed as theirs. Even though this expansionism had been against the Farewell Address of George Washington, it had led to established
borders we have today in the United States and added to much prosperity eventually earned in the lands. After the Spanish–American War, the United
States had been growing in their amount of power and control to the point where they were considered to be a world power. They had been
conquering more and more land and territories during the Progressive Era than ever before, this had been considered to be a continuation of earlier
expansionism of the American people and states. Some of this expansion had been due to the help of allies, treaties, land purchases, and war. In fact,
the way in which these lands were gained had been a departure in how the expansionism of the United States played out in both the past and present
periods.
A way the late nineteenth and early twentieth century's expansion compares to the past expansionism is by the way they go against the orders of
George Washington's Farewell Address of 1796. The purpose of the farewell address was to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The cartoon drawn by Thomas Nast, "The World's Plunderers." shows the world powers carving out the parts of the world they desire based on their
imperialistic ideals(Doc A). This cartoon shows the type of world power the United States is becoming with their built up power. In addition, the
United States has become much more wealthy, with a larger army and greater

Suburban Cities In The Late Nineteenth Century
of new factories in the New York metropolitan region was invested in suburban areas beyond the boundaries of New York City." (Teaford 109)
Taking all the business away from the cities, also gained suburban towns a lot of money. All the money that the towns gained the city lost. The
depression hit urban areas hard. It took older cities a longer time to recover, and some never did. A lot of factories and textiles left or were forced to
close their doors. "The depression had a more devastating impact on certain urban areas. No city in the United States escaped economic hardship, and
many boomtowns of the 1920s found themselves in desperate straits in 1933. But generally the older metropolises of the Northeast and Midwest
recovered more slowly from the slump and suffered the greatest permanent setbacks."(Teaford 81) In the suburbs businesses were able to get a
bigger piece of land, and they were able to get a parking lot for their employees cars. Businesses would never be able to get the same size of land in
the city for the same price, and also with a parking lot. Companies wanted more open spaces for their buildings instead of congested high rises. "As
business became increasingly dependent on the truck, congested inner–city locations with clogged streets and little ... Show more content on
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In a contact that Levittown owners had to sign had a clause that stated that the house could not be lived in or used by anyone other than a white person.
The Levittown in Pennsylvania was 100% white even in 1957. (Teaford) Although it was extremely uncommon a few African American families moved
into suburban communities. "The new suburban tracts, however, were not necessarily open to everyone with the requisite cash. Postwar suburbia was
largely white territory with few black enclaves...A few black families did move into the development in the 1950s, but blacks remained a rarity in the
community." (Teaford

Urbanization In The Late Nineteenth Century
Urbanization in the United States in the late nineteenth century resulted from a number of factors, in particular the rise of commercial activity
following the Civil War and the industrialization of the period. During that post–bellum period, cities grew along with a rising population of those
residing in the cities. Although those two factors might, at first, appear to be the same, they are, in fact, different. In one early study from immediately
after the period (Jefferson, 1915), scholars observed that American cities grew by about 15 million people in the two decades before 1900. Immigration
from other countries certainly featured significantly in that growth, but the industrial revolution also played a significant role (Schultz, 2013,

The Rise Of The Late Nineteenth Century And Early...
The late nineteenth century and early twentieth century was a time of strife in Vietnam. Transitioning from an independent to a colonized country
caused the Vietnamese to resent their home land. With the rise of the soviet and their system of communism, the weak Vietnam was bound to be
penetrated by the dominating power. With internal disunity and rebellions due to a pro–catholic president in a Buddhist dominant society, the defense
of the country was marred. Since defense was down, take overs had begun and caused the beginning of a war that was mistakenly drawn out for over
ten years which also caused the deaths and wounds of over millions of men. The truth of the war compared to the war that was envisioned, brought
disappointment to the main power leading the frail South Vietnamese, the United States. The involvement of such a pugnacious country brought
anguish to the poor region. With the waste of lives, time, and money, U.S involvement was one of the most unnecessary occurrences to the history of
both the United States and Vietnam. One of the most prominent foundation of the fear was the speech given by Eisenhower in 1954. Labeled "the
domino theory," Eisenhower proposed the theory in concern to communism in Indochina. The theory soon became the justification for many presidents
to perform ill–advised plans. The involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War was ultimately a mistake. 4 | Page Introduction A war that
everyone in

Agrarian Discontent in Late Nineteenth Century Essay
Agrarian Discontent in Late Nineteenth Century
At the end of the nineteenth century the American farmers faced many problems. Industrialization of the farms caused many farm workers to loose
their jobs. Many farmers began raising only one crop in large amounts, which led to deflation. This meant ruin for many farmers, since they had to pay
back the debts they owed for land and machinery. The railroads, corporations and processors made the situation even worse by organizing together and
regulating crop prices.
The mechanization of agriculture created a lot of problems for the western farmers. New machinery made crop production much easier and faster. This
caused many farm workers to loose their jobs, because such machines as the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However the deflation was not entirely their fault. The government was also to blame, since throughout the late nineteenth century it maintained a
relatively static money supply. The population from 1865 to 1895 almost doubled, however money in circulation only increased by about fifty percent.
In his acceptance speech, William McKinley said "Debasement of currency means destruction of values. No one suffers so much from the cheap
money as the farmers and laborers. " This was true, since many farmers were unable to pay off their mortgages. The bankers charged interest rates of
up to 40 percent on loans and forced many farmers into bankruptcy.
Along with the bankers, the government also cashed in on the farmer's land. They had to pay huge taxes on the land to local, state and national
government. Protective tariffs also decreased he farmer's profits, while benefiting the manufacturers in the east.
Another problem for the farmer was the railroad. The "octopus", as the farmers called it, could charge extremely high freight rates on their crop. In
his book, The Octopus, Frank Norris described the situation of how Dyke, a farmer, was exploited by the railroad. After realizing that the rate was
now five cents, Dyke said in astonishment, "Well that ruins me, I won't make fifty cents. Make? Why, I will owe..." This was true since for many
farmers it was often more profitable to burn their crop then to ship it. The railroad

Mark Twain: Late Nineteenth And Early Twentieth Century
Mark Twain is known as one of the greatest American authors and writer of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Countless people know of
Mark Twain's stories; however, you may only know to a certain extent information about his life. Samuel Langhorne Clemens is also known as Mark
Twain, was born on November 30, 1835 in the ordinary town of Florida, Missouri. He was one of seven children, and was the second to last child born.
Mark's family had a very unfortunate set of kinsfolk. Several of Twain's siblings died and didn't make it throughout their childhood. Only a part of
his siblings survived, his brother Henry, Orion, and his sister Pamela. At the age of 11 his father died of pneumonia so Mark decided to leave
school and become a printer's apprentice for the Hannibal Journal to help aid his struggling family. He knew that even though he was no longer
attending school that no matter where he went in life, he could always educate himself by life experiences and by reading at his local library in the
evenings. Mark worked as a printer from the ages of 18–22 traveling from Missouri to New York, Philadelphia, and St. Louis. He has traveled all over
the world, including the Sandwich Islands (now known as the state of Hawaii). Having said that; he should have an advantage compared to other
stationary writers. His ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He compares the two since both are prized because of its rarity. In the next stanza, he proceeds to tell us that geniuses are people who are weird, wild,
and incomprehensible with astonishing facility or in easier words, something that stands out from the ordinary. He tells us all this just to shut it down
stating that they would go and "get booming drunk and sleep in the gutter." I believe he says this just to bring geniuses into a category that separates
them from normal people. Also that while they may be geniuses they still get blinded and do reckless activities at

Unskilled Workers In The Late Nineteenth Century
The late nineteenth century in the Unites States was the time of significant urban growth of the country. The number of industrial wageworkers in
America almost doubled by the second half of the nineteenth century. More than half of the country's men, women, and children made up the laboring
class that performed manual work for wages in a variety of settings, such as many small workshops run by independent and highly skilled craftsmen or
artisans. However, with the rise of large factories and heavy machinery by the 1870s, the use of highly skilled workers, and common laborers declined
tremendously. Due to the increase mechanization of the country, products that once required skilled laborers to make were now made by machines in
abundance, for much cheaper prices, and with much less effort. Moreover, introduction of machines reduced labor and manufacturing costs. Although
mechanization of the late nineteenth century changed the country from a rural agricultural nation to urban industrial homeland and made it the leading
manufacturing country in the world, many workers were unsatisfied and upset with the new change in economy for the reason that machines took over
the part of jobs that required hand skills of men. Second, workers did not get the satisfaction of seeing their products... Show more content on
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Furthermore, many rural Americans and immigrants came to the cities to work as unskilled laborers. Wages for the workers were unreasonably low
but slowly climbed except for only those who worked for longer hours during the week. This led to the high rate of on–the–job injuries and fatalities
and also to frequent periods of unemployment. By 1877, due to the rapid industrialization of the country, industrial workers began to organize labor
unions for many reasons and some of which are for higher wages, shorter hours of work, and safer working

In The Late Nineteenth Century, Fourteen Countries Attended
In the late nineteenth century, fourteen countries attended a conference in Berlin to settle disputes over colonized land in the Congo Basin of Africa.
Attendees spent months sitting around a table, which at the center laid an inaccurate map of the African continent. Here, they determined each country
's claim and divided the continent based on resources, location, and convenience for the European Powers without a single African leader present. The
product of this conference, The General Act of the 1885 Conference of Berlin, created the parameters by which European Powers could and would
colonize Africa. This Conference, and the General Act created by it, prompted the Scramble for Africa as countries colonized land to gain resources...
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With the ability to reach new territories and a drive to quickly colonize inferior people's land for monetary gains, Africa became sought after by many
European countries.
A key issue created by this rapid seizure of Africa was the disputes over land claims. Major forces of theColonialism, such as Britain, France, and
Portugal, were joined by three new opponents, Germany, Italy, and Belgium, which all became independent states only a few decades earlier
(Crump 298). These new countries were able to match the great powers by creating considerable industrial sectors (Blanning 225). The largest
controversy was over the Congo, which three countries believed they had a claim: Belgium, France, and Portugal. Belgium's King Leopold II sent
explorers such as Henry Morton Stanley to study the region of the Congo (Chamberlain 50). Leopold claimed to be providing education and religious
teachings to the indigenous people. In actuality, he created political treaties with kings and tribal leaders in the region that transferred sovereignty of
the area to him. France had settled a town in the Congo Basin in 1849 called Libreville (McKown 53). Specifically, Libreville was located in Gabon
along the mouth of the OgouГ© River, north of the Congo River. The French settled in this area, believing

Essay on The Growing Economic Crisis of the Late...
APUSH Document Analysis and Questions Packet
The Growing Economic Crisis of the Late Nineteenth Century
Part A. 1. What did John D. Rockefeller believe was the key to stabilizing the oil industry? He believed that centralizing the administration,
hard–working people that applied themselves and work together, and a monopoly – owning as much as they can – would stabilize the oil industry.
2. What were the weaknesses of each of the following methods of stabilizing the industry? a. Agreement: agreement was when each competitor
agreed to certain standard prices and policies, but it was easily and quickly broken because people did not keep their promises ad people saw the
chance to undersell the rival. b. Pool: the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Explain how prices of coal, steel rails, and copper in 1871, 1876, and 1879 relate to points on the graph of the business cycle. The graph shows in 1871
there was an industrial overexpansion boom that resulted in the production of railroads; this called for more materials and caused the increase in
price for the steel rails in the Document F chart. In 1876 there was there was the secondary post war depression causing things to go under causing
the price of items to decline, causing the lower copper and steel rail prices in the chart. And in 1879 there was the gold resumption boom caused
the prices to go down. All in all the prices of coal went down because of the over expansion, which led to less money being made to pay the
employees, causing the rates to go up and down. 7. From the documents, what inferences can you make about the "disastrous effects of the business
cycle" for each group below: d. Corporations: when the price of products went down, the more of the product that was made. But the cycle got better
during the "War Boom", but went down during the "post war depression." e. Workers: the workers were given less money when the prices of the
goods decreased.
Part C. 8. In what way do the above documents on labor union membership and the Knights of Labor philosophy reflect concerns of J.P. Morgan? The
chart shows the rising number of workers, but an unstable number of union members,

Late Nineteenth-Century American Imperialism Dbq Analysis
During the period of time between the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, America was going through major changes. After a
revolution in Cuba against the Spanish, and America's intervening to start the Spanish–American War, the Americans received a lot of land from their
defeated opponent. America then started on the path to imperialism, gaining many more territories in a short amount of time. Such an expansion was a
continuation of past United States expansionism, while also departing with past expansionism. The United States expansionism of the late nineteenth–
and early twentieth–centuries was a clear continuation of the social and cultural principles of the nation's past expansionism; however, it was more of a
departure ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Imperialism was more of a competition than western expansion, America was competing with other nations in its race to secure more territory. Japan's
defeat of China in the Sino–Japanese War allowed for countries to split up China's territories and take political and economic control. The political
cartoon by Thomas Nast portrays the nations Britain, Germany, and Russia grabbing up free territory to gain control (Doc 1). His point of view is
crucial to point out considering he was an anti–imperialist but his cartoon still shows that countries were power hungry increasing the competition for
America (point of view). In his 1899 book The Interest of America in Sea Power, Alfred T. Mahan expressed the need for America to prevent foreign
acquisition of ideal territories that would serve American economic interests. He also mentioned the pressure that other expanding empires were
exerting upon the United States to acquire crucial territories before another power did (Doc 3).Mahan's point of view is that imperialism is necessary
for the benefit of the protection of territories in the Atlantic Ocean from foreign imperial powers such as Germany and other foreign powers and for
the economy (point of view). Theodore Roosevelt answered this demand by supporting going into the Spanish–American war, for the new territory.
Roosevelt ordered the taking of Manila Bay from Spain's

Causes Of Industrial Labor In The Late Nineteenth And...
Many of the factors that drove America's industrial expansion were less than unpraiseworthy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.
Workers of all kinds were treated poorly, without much dignity and honor held to their jobs. One way that industry thrived was through the cheap
labor source. The diligent workers of the time were paid very little, in particular the immigrants. There were also next to no labor restrictions and
regulations to keep the workers safe. However, not all of the aspects of the expansion were negative. A few of the positive steps forward were the
invention of efficient machinery, and the new research and development that was taking place. The workforce changed a great deal during
America's stage of industrialization. One negative change that came about this time was child labor. Children were being forced to work long
hours doing unsafe jobs, especially children whose families lived in poverty. Another big change was the employment of women in the workforce.
They were often considered less skilled than men and had many extra obstacles in their work. However, the workforce actually saw an increase in
skilled workers during this time, which would prove to be very positive. The demands of early labor unions were many, and rightfully so. For
example, some of the Knights of Labor's specific demands were that employers restrict child labor and graduated income tax. The Knights allowed
workers with all different skill sets, race, and gender into

Realism And Realism Of The Late Nineteenth Century
Over the course of the late nineteenth century, there were two literary movements that could be easily defined as influential and can be pointed to as to
have directly contributed to the quality of literature we have today. The two, realism and naturalism were both movements that occurred in American,
European and English literature that encompass the feelings of early well–known writers such as Edith Warton, Stephen Crane, Jack London, and of
course, perhaps the figurehead of naturalistic literature, Emile Zola. A great number of other early writers utilized this technique, just emphasizing the
importance and popularity of it. A large number of these works have been linked as and cited as direct inspiration to certain literature still produced
today. There can be many different ways to interpret these works and the author's intention of what they are trying to portray, so the works can be
discussed today as well. Of the two, naturalism is the movement that can be considered a derivative of realism. While the two share some similarities,
naturalism is different enough to also be considered an alternative to realism (Norton 10). Naturalism, in contrast to realism, considers forces outside of
human control as shaping their environment and as a result, much of their work contains impoverished or otherwise disabled characters that can't
escape their surroundings. Naturalism depicts work that is "scientific, thus truly realistic" (Norton 10) and paints an image of life in urban

Cigarettes In The Late Nineteenth Century
According to archaeological studies, cigarettes are wild plants in the Americas from around 8,000 years ago. About 2,000 years earlier cigarettes were
chew and attracted by Native Americans, especially as at religious ceremonies. The first European to discover the main tobacco was Christopher
Columbus, who discovered America in the late 15th century and early 16th century. In 1531,tobacco was brought back to Europe and was first planted
in Santo. Domingo (now part of the Republic of Dominique) and later spread throughout Europe. In the seventeenth century, cigarettes also followed
the westerners to Asia. If ealier the use of cigarettes was relatively diversified from vacuum aspiration to smoking, chewing and inhaling, in the second
half of the nineteenth century, when tobalco was manufactured that made cigarette production became easier and quicker. The first machines produced
an average of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In particular, the proportion of smokers increased significantly during the world wars due to the provision of free tobacco to soldiers as a means of
mental reinforcement.
Cigarettes come from a trend that turns into a habit; That is harmful to human health not only for direct smokers, but also more severely for passive
smokers.
According to statistics in the 20th century the world over 100 million people died of tobacco–related diseases. However, the proportion of smokers has
not decreased, or even increased due to the limited understanding of the harmful effects of tobacco smoke, knowledge is limited.
Anti–smoking campaigns are booming to warn people who are, will and will smoke about the harm.
One in many anti–smoking oganizations is CONAC, a non–profit organization, the Chilean Corporation Against Cancer, featured this advertisement in
their 'Smoking is Murder' campaign in

The Late Nineteenth Century: The Gilded Age
Mark Twain and Charles Dudley named the late nineteenth century as the "Gilded Age". What Mark meant by Gilded Age is it is a shiny gold type
surface on the top, but if you study and try to look inside it is full of corruption, scandals and controlled by wealthy influential people. As mentioned in
the book on pg. 641 that Supreme Court justice John Marshall Harlan in the late
1880s spoke of a "deep feeling of unease," a widespread fear that the country
"was in real danger of another kind of slavery that would result from the aggregation of capital in the hands of a few individuals." During that Gilded
age, the nation experienced innovation, immigration, advances in railroad, rise of business houses and along with that sufferings of working class,
level of inequality, formation unions to protect working people.,
If we look ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If we look at the current economy indicators, level of inequality in living standards, pay scale, control of power it looks identical with the Gilded
Age that we observed in the late nineteenth century. Top one percent holds most of the wealth, power, and they influence political environment and
decisions. Stock market is going higher and higher, companies are making record profit, stashing their money oversees to avoid paying their fair
share of taxes. Also, we see corruption is again on the peak level, but the definition of corruption is changed now in today's digital and social
environment. Corruption is not limited to paying bribe, but now it is spread to taking sexual favor. What we are seeing and listening about sexual
harassment, abuse is not only limited to Hollywood, but it is happening in all fields including politics, religion as well as in the businesses. People who
are at the top have power of influencing

West Transformation In The Late Nineteenth Century
3. How and why was the West transformed in the late nineteenth century? How did these changes affect the people living in the West? How did the
changes in the West transform America? In the late nineteenth century, the rise of an industrial America took the country by storm. New innovations,
and the development of steel manufacturing, petroleum refining, and the expansion of railroads, changed the nation's economy and the lifestyle of the
people. The names of Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J.P. Morgan became widely known. This industrial boom introduced a new class of
wealthy industrialist and a well off middle class. Unfortunately, farmers began to struggle immensely during this time; the prices for farm produce
began to fall... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Indeed, the stock market crash triggered this event, however the vastly poor distribution of wealth, the wages of industrial workers, and the
profitless work of farmers all added up to this downfall. In addition, high tariffs set by the U.S. made it difficult for foreign nations to sell goods to
them and to buy goods in return. And to make things better, banks were failing and in result wiping out life savings of hundreds of people. The last
straw was drawn when the stock market hesitated and investors began to sell their stocks for fear of what could happen. Brokers jammed the stocks
as they attempted to unload shares. This grave dip became a panic that would be known as black Thursday. The following Tuesday all stocks had lost
six–sevenths of their value, and it would be appropriately called black Tuesday. With thousands of people's life savings gone overnight, the economy
suffered immensely. Due to the lack of money people began to stop buying goods. To make up for the lack of revenue, businesses laid off countless
workers to decrease the price of their outputs. This only furthered the issue into a never ending cycle. People now without jobs could not afford goods,
and businesses continued to lay off its workers to stay profitable. Millions of Americans lived in poverty at this time, many unable to buy the

Charles Darwin's Immigration Policy In The Late Nineteenth...
Charles Darwin developed a theory of biological evolution that stated all species evolved from other species through natural selection. Herbert
Spencer followed up with this theory by coining the phrase 'survival of the fittest' as a way to describe natural selection. This theory grew among
scientist, but the Fundamentalist Christians opposed Darwinism because it goes against their core beliefs. Some used it as a way to justify classifying
some people as second–rate and how they treated those people. Darwinism also played a major role in America's immigration policy and furthermore
is one of the main reason for the start of World War I.
Darwin's theory of evolution had a significant impact on the U.S. immigration policy in the late nineteenth century. Politicians using the scientific
justification enacted laws to limit the immigration of those they did not believe were worthy of becoming Americans. Politicians justified this
"pseudoscience movement seeking to influence immigration law by invoking eugenic ideas to limit immigration to members of ethnic groups whom
eugenicists consider biologically superior" (Eugenics Movement, 2011). The federal Immigration Act of 1924, "established an immigrant quota system
based on country of origin. Eugenicists believed that the limitations would rescue the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People such as Adolf Hitler used Social Darwinism and Eugenics to justify classifying some people as inferior and the genocide of those people. "A
substantial case can be made for social Darwinism as one of the significant factors that led to the war" (Keas, 2010). "Hitler believed that the human
gene pool could be improved by using selective breeding similar to how farmers breed superior cattle strains. Hitler's government relied heavily upon
Darwinism, development and implementation of policies designed to protect the superior race" (Bergman,

Abortion During The Late Nineteenth-Century
Every year 1,511,300 infant lives are taken; 1,500,000 are victims of abortion, not including countries other than our own. If a mother were to kill her
child after it were born it would be considered murder, so why is it that when a mother is growing her child inside of her there are no legal
consequences for aborting her child?
Over a span of several lifetimes, and in a variety of cultures, there is history of women helping each other to abort. Over time the harmful and
dangerous affects were becoming known and once these methods became more and more popular during the late nineteenth– century, states began to
prohibit abortions. Abortion became a crime and a sin for several reasons. This was a dangerous procedure carried out with crude methods, few
antiseptics, and high mortality rates. But this alone cannot explain the resentment towards abortion.
In the 1890s, doctors estimated that there were two million abortions a year in the U.S, compared to the one and a half million today. Women who are
determined not to carry an unwanted pregnancy have always found some way to try to abort. All too often, they have resorted to dangerous, sometimes
deadly methods, such as inserting knitting needles or coat hangers, one of the most symbolic signs of desperation of women who have risked death to
end their pregnancy, into the vagina and uterus. Douching with dangerous solutions like lye or swallowing strong drugs or chemicals were also ways
for mothers to abort. Not only are

Handlin's Views On Immigration In The Late Nineteenth Century
America as a nation is made up of immigrants from all over the world ranging from all across Europe to China. Many immigrants faced discrimination
and had to completely conform to this new world they came to. Oscar Handlin and Mark Wyman have very different views on immigration in the late
nineteenth century. Handlin's view on immigration included how immigrants were alienated from this new world known as America and after being
partially Americanized and their old homelands did not recognize them anymore as citizens. Wyman's views were different from Handlin's views
because he thought that immigrants were only in America for such a short time because they came for opportunity. Wyman states that immigrants were
not uprooted from the homelands because they still practiced their beliefs and did not see America as their final destination. Both authors make very
excellent points but Handlin makes better points by realizing most immigrants did lose their dignity and lost many of their traditions of their
homelands by becoming Americanized, immigrants were being uprooted in the late nineteenth century.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was a professor at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts as well as a Pulitzer Prize–winning historian. He has personally wrote and
edited more than one hundred books, including Liberty in Expansion and coauthored with Lilian Handlin the book The Distortion of America 2nd ed.
(p.479–480) Mark Wyman is also a legitimate writer and also a professor at Illinois State University and the author of Round–Trip to America: The
Immigrant Returns to Europe which was published in the Cornell University Press in 1993. (p. 482) Both authors are obviously very intelligent men
who views on immigration is completely different and both make incredible points but I personally believe that Handlin is more credible with his

Africa In The Late Nineteenth Century
At the point when the Period of Dominion started in 1875, it affected Africa from multiple points of view. No place was the opposition for provinces
more extraordinary than in Africa. Europeans followed North and South Africa part up the mainland. Egypt and Sudan were assumed control by
England to acquire the Suez Trench. Colonialism added to Africa's economy and transformed it into a landmass of provinces.
Until well into the 1800's Africa was generally obscure to Europeans. They controlled under ten percent of the landmass. By 1882 England, Germany,
Italy, Portugal, and Spain were all asserting parts of Africa. In 1900, they had partitioned ninety percent of Africa into states. Albeit European boats had
for a considerable length of time exchanged at ports along the coast, they brought back little learning of Africa's inside. Later Europeans began
investigating the mainland. The best known of these travelers was David Livingstone. This Scottish teacher put in thirty years in focal Africa, and gave
Europeans their initially itemized data about Africa and its kin.
In the mid–1800's Africa south of the Sahara contained more than seven hundred diverse ethnic gatherings. Most were composed into groups in view
of ties of custom and family. Once in a while, an effective gathering framed a state that was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Suez was critical to England. Guarding the trench turned into a basic piece of England's outside approach. Subsequently, when battling softened
out up 1882, England assumed control over the territory and transformed Egypt into a protectorate. Next the English turned their thoughtfulness
regarding Sudan. Water from the Nile Stream was crucial to the general population of Egypt. The English trusted that they needed to control the
headwaters of the Nile to protect Egypt and the channel. In this manner, in 1898 England vanquished Sudan and made it an apartment

The Industrial Revolution Of The Late Nineteenth And Early...
The industrial revolution of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century served as the impetus to the creation of new technologies that helped
interconnect various parts of the world. In essence, technology was crucial to the development of a globalized economy. With the development of a
global economy companies began to expand beyond national borders and cater to citizens around the world by becoming multinational corporations.
These now global companies have not only expanded their markets, but also rely on labor and raw materials from all around the world. For example,
PepsiCo Inc. employs a global workforce to drive their business, Apple Inc. acquires their component supplies from companies spanning the globe,
and The Boeing Company uses a global distribution system in order to market their products to airlines in various regions of the world. PepsiCo Inc.
was established in 1965 with the merger of Pepsi–Cola and Frito–Lay. Ever since, the company has been expanding its line of products via acquiring
other companies and creating new brands. For example, PepsiCo introduced the Doritos brand of tortilla chips in 1966, which became an instant hit.
Furthermore, in 1998 PepsiCo acquired Tropicana Products. Over the past 50 years, PepsiCo has entered over 200 countries such as Japan, Russia, and
India even though domestic sales in the United States were very strong. In 2015, the company employed around 110,000 people in the United States
and over 263,000 around the world

Essay on The Plight of the Late Nineteenth Century...
The Plight of the Late Nineteenth Century American Farmer
From the early beginnings of America to well into the nineteenth century, America has been dominantly an agricultural country. Farming and the
country life have always been a great part of the American culture. Thomas Jefferson even expressed his gratitude for the farming class by saying
Those who labor in the earth are the chosen people of God, if ever He had a chosen people, whose breasts He, has made His peculiar deposit for
substantial and genuine virtue.
The American culture was built upon farming and agriculture but since the end of the civil war and the abolition of slaves, things have changed
dramatically to the American lifestyle. This time brought on the Industrial ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main goal for this party was to try and solve the problems which plagued most of the farmers around the country. In the election of 1896, the
Populists almost captured the seat in the oval office, but were unsuccessful. In the end they failed. The farmers in the late nineteenth century were
plagued with many different problems which the Populist Party sought to resolve but in the end by not gaining control of the executive branch failed.
Many different things attributed to the plight in the late nineteenth century of the farmers. The Americanfarmer faced many problems from the
protective tariffs which caused great overproduction of foods such as corn, wheat, and cotton (docs 3,5), speculation in farm products, over–greedy
middlemen, and exorbitant transportation rates. The farmers in the west were also losing money to banks in the east. The banks were giving the
farmers a high interest rate which they could not easily pay. (doc 2) The transportation rates put the farmers in debt greatly. To find new markets to
sell their goods, farmers needed to ship their food else where and find new customers. To do this, farmers needed to transport their food, usually by
train. When they would do this the railroad companies would charge much more for the farmer than the big businessman because the businessmen
would give donations to the railroad companies while the small farmers would not. To make up

The Colonization Of Africa During The Late Nineteenth Century
Imperialism occurs when a strong nation takes over a weaker nation or region for economic, political, or social reasons. This type of foreign policy
was practiced by European nations throughout the 1800s and early 1900s. Began in 1870s, Europeans started to colonize Asia and Africa by using
military force to take control of local governments and exploited local economies for raw materials required by Europe's growing industry.
The takeover of Africa during the late nineteenth century has been known as the scramble for Africa. Africa was introduced to Europeans by
missionaries and explorers who engaged in humanitarian and religious work but others saw the economic potential of the region. In 1876, King
LГ©opold II of Belgium organized the International African Association which allowed the nation to gain more territory into the Congo basin through
the treaties with African chiefs. Between 1885 and 1914 Britain, France, Germany and Belgium had territories all over Africa.
Similar takeovers happened in Asia as well. Asia was opened to the West by the Opium War of 1839
–1841, which was caused when the Chinese
wanted to regulate the inflow of opium that was purchased from the British East India Company. A decade and a half later, Britain and France
combined in a second war upon China in order to force the Chinese government to receive their diplomats and deal with traders. They destroyed the
emperor's Summer Palace and looted valuable Chinese art. As a result, the treaty of

The New Imperialism Of The Late Nineteenth Century
Melania Fernandez Professor MacLeod History 102 Final Exam May 9, 2016 PART I Part I: 2 Long Essays (70 points) 2. What were the causes
of the "New Imperialism" of the late nineteenth century? What were some of the arguments to justify this imperialism? What were the results or
consequences of this imperialism? 4. Considering the period 1933 to 1945, analyze the economic, diplomatic, and military reasons for Germany's
defeat in the Second World War. Causes and Effects of The New Imperialism in World Wars What is the New Imperialism and what were the cause
and effects in the World Wars in order to understand what is the "New Imperialism", we must first learn and define Imperialism: a policy or
practice by which a country increases its power by gaining control over other areas of the world: the effect that a powerful country or group of
countries has in changing or influencing the way people live in other, poorer countries. The New Imperialism takes on effects in the late 19th
century this is when there is an interest or wanting to gain a imperial territory, Imperialism is also consider to be when there is a desire to control a
trading routes and resources in a nation. A perfect example of the New Imperialism is called the "Scramble for Africa", this is when Europe tries to
takes control over Africa. In the late 19th century Europe struggle to destabilize and to balance the power that they once had before Italy and Germany
became unify. The rise of many non European

Condition of African-Americans in the late nineteenth...
Examine the condition of African–Americans in the late nineteenth century and explain why the Thirteenth Amendment, the Fourteenth Amendment,
and the Fifteenth Amendment, which were enacted to aid the new freedmen, actually did little.
In the late nineteenth century after the civil war the U.S. was over, there were about 4 million people that were once slaves that were now set free. The
big question for President Lincoln and the presidents that followed was what to do with them? Even though the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth
Amendments were passed to free and aid the freed slaves it actually did very little to help them at all because many other events that took place, which
prevented them from working.
The white southern ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the sharecropping the Jim Crowe laws were passed, which it illegal for blacks to quite their sharecropping job until all their debts are paid.
This kept black working in sharecropping as well as keeping them in debt.
The Slaughter–House decision by the Supreme Court limited the power of the Fourteenth Amendment. It declared that the Jim Crowe laws were state
laws and that they could not over turn them because the federal government did not have power over state laws. It also declared that national
citizenship and state citizenship were different. In the U.S. v. Cruikshank the court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment did not give the federal
government power to act against the whites, who attacked a meeting of blacks and conspired deprive them of their rights, and they said that the duty of
protecting equal rights for citizens was in the states hands. So the federal government could not do anything about one person violating another's civil
rights that lived in the same state.
The Fifteenth Amendment gave black males over the age of 21 the right to vote. However, southern states set up poll taxes and literacy test in order to
keep most blacks from voting. In order to keep the white votes they set up the grandfather clause, which allowed the seventy–five percent of the poor
illiterate white people to still vote if they were the son or grandson of someone who was eligible to vote before 1867.
During reconstruction a group formed in the south called the Ku Klux

The Intervention Of Movies In The Late Nineteenth Century
In today's society, one could never imagine a life without movies or necessities such as youtube videos to watch. I do not recall ever thinking or
wondering about what kind of entertainment/ technology individuals in the "olden days" had access to. This section in the Artforms textbook has
taught me about the unknown."Before the advent of movies in the late nineteenth century, it was discovered that looking at rapidly changing short
sequences of still drawings gave the illusion of motion" (page 159). People discovered that an action such as flipping a stack of pictures of the same
object only in different areas created a sense of motion. In other words, they created flip books. Cinematography, the art of photography and camera
work in film

Andrew Carnegie: Steel Industry In The Late Nineteenth...
Andrew Carnegie was well known for being in the steel industry and a philanthropist in the late nineteenth century.Andrew Carnegie was born on
November 25,1835 and died on August 11,1919 at the age of eighty three.Him and his family came to the United States from Dunfermline when he
was only thirteen years old,after his family was in poverty.Andrew had grown up in a family that believes in books and learning and because of this
he is an avid reader. His father passed away in 1885 which made Andrew more determine to work to support his family.Before Andrew was successful,
he had worked many jobs such as working in factory and working as a telegraph operator.Andrew had made money by making investments in steel
mills.He was a scottish immigrant

Westward Expansion In The Late Nineteenth Century
During the late nineteenth century, the most defining themes for this century are the westward expansion of the United States. During 1803, President
Thomas Jefferson once said, "Those who labor in the earth, are the chosen people of God". Meaning that in order to sustain the population that is
expanding each and every day we have to provide land in order to sustain everyone's life. President Thomas Jefferson also doubled the size of the
United States by purchasing the Louisiana Purchase from the French government for fifteen million dollars. Manifest Destiny is known for, " Spirit of
the Frontier". Manifest Destiny represents an abstract idea of the westward expansion; she is also a representation of a figure that has some impression
to pioneers and settlers to expand westward for an opportunity that is worth seeking for. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
John o' Sullivan the man who was known for being an influential writer and newspaper editor first initiated the Westward Expansion. The Westward
Expansion is based on the belief of bring racial superiority and cultural belief into other nations and its obligation is to bring civilization and
enlightenment to other

New Imperialism In Europe During The Late Nineteenth Century
During the late nineteenth century, there was a huge conflict between European countries. This conflict was for overseas territories. This was called
New Imperialism. What were the motives? Social, economic, and political reasons urged the New Imperialism movement to grow. Economics played
a major role in New Imperialism. There was a great demand for natural resources, such as rubber, tin, and oil, in the Western countries. The search for
these natural resources caused the countries to expand. Instead of trading, they decided to take direct control over the territories where the resources
were found. The growth of European industry, increase in production capacity, and excess amount of capital made it necessary to find new markets,
new sources of raw materials, and new areas for capital investment in bigger countries. Additionally, economic expansion urged for cheap labor and
access to, or control of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Social Darwinism (survival of the fittest) was closely tied to New Imperialism. It justified European countries taking over Africa and Asia. Europeans
were "superior" to Africans and Asians. European countries was willing to use this theory because it fits their interest all around the world. They
believed they are the strongest race and would bring the civilization to the ignorant. Religion and education influenced Europeans to take over 'less
civilized' people as well. They felt the obligation to spread their religion and rule over "ignorant, non–civilized" people. Missionaries, doctors, and
colonial officials felt it was their duty to spread "western blessings, or their medicine, law and religion. Colonialism was seen as natural and certain, and
justification was given through Social Darwinian. Europeans saw natives as weak and unfit to survive. They believed that they were the superior race,
and those who are African and Asian were less than

Essay Law and Order in London in Late Nineteenth Century
Law and Order in London in Late Nineteenth Century
The British police force came to being in the late eighteenth century. By 1800 there were only 2 police forces in the whole of Britain, both of which
were in London. One was the Bow street runners, which was set up in 1749 and the other, was the Thames River police force, which by then was only
2 years old. The main turning point for policing as far as London is concerned came in 1829 when 'Sir Robert Peel', the home secretary of the time,
created and set up a new police force, the metropolitan Police force.
The metropolitan police force was set up to carry out all the jobs that the watchmen and special constables did before them. Their ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Each division was in charge of the area that was assigned to them and then sometimes for big cases other divisions under the met would join up and
work together.
There were many things that were expected of people who took on the job and responsibilities of a metropolitan police officer. The ideal recruit
would be someone who was under 35 but over 20, well built, at least five foot seven, literate and of good character, but of course not all recruits were
like this and in the beginning a lot of recruits had to be dismissed. The most common reason for being dismissed would be drunkenness.
At the beginning the police were not really there to solve the crimes, only to prevent them from happening. But gradually this changed and by 1842 the
first detectives were introduced. Now as well as trying to prevent crime, they also tried to solve it. Although some work had to be put into it before the
detectives were successful. As they didn't have the technology advances for policing that we have today and the main way to catch a criminal was to
catch them in the act or to have a confession from the criminals themselves.
The police had to deal with many different types of crime in the late nineteenth century ranging from minor crimes such as pick pocketing, drunkeness
and prostitution to more major crimes such as

Compare And Contrast Us Expansionism Of The Late...
The United States' expansionism of the late nineteenth–century and early twentieth century were grounded in similar reasoning, but the focus of the
two differed from each other. Expansion in later years was more focussed around finding better economic and political means of life in locations
outside of the nation. This expansion of the United States occurred with the continued practice of treating conquered people poorly.
The expansionism of 1885 differed from nineteenth and twentieth century expansionism in the ways that the recognised world powers of earlier
expansionism did not include the United States (Doc A). It is only after the Roosevelt Corollary, Manifest Destiny, and the newfound strength of the
America's naval power that the United ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is because of the Roosevelt Corollary, Manifest Destiny, and the nation's newfound naval power that the United States began to be recognised as part
of the "World Plunderers" (Doc A). In the 1900's Secretary of State John Hay establishes the Open Door Policy, which states that everyone has the right
to equal trade with China, regardless of status. Despite the happiness depicted in Document G, the Chinese were not happy with the policy. The man
who initiated the policy was an American diplomat. The cartoon demonstrates the social darwinism that continued to exist in the United States, by
using Uncle Sam as the character who has the control to decide who has the right to trade with a foreign country in the

Western Expansion In The Late Nineteenth Century
Following the western expansion in the late nineteenth century, the American society and economy would experience significant growth and
development amidst numerous challenges and benefits. From this, the United States would grow in geographical size and in power. This expansion
started in 1860s and continued until the 1890s. Due to the discovery of gold in California, people wanted to continue and search for more riches in the
West. The benefits of the expansion were mainly for the Americans because it helped the rise of industrialization and theUnited States economy. But the
consequences and the challnages that would occur would be the Native American Indians whom had to be kicked out of their own home and land.
Economically the United States boomed tremendously mostly from the Pacific Railway Act of 1862 which provided federal subsidies in land and
loans for the construction of transcontinental railroads across the united states. It all started with the Central Pacific Company building from West to
East employing thousands of Chinese immigrants. In the opposite direction, the Union Pacific Company began laying tracks from Iowa employing
mostly Irish immigrants. Then in May 1869 the two railroads met at Promontory Point, Utah and connected the two together creating the
transcontinental railroad with the golden ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since most of the towns in the United States had their own local time it made the scheduling very confusing and difficult to follow. The fast traveling
and the speed of the railroads made traveling time decrease because it took less time to travel from city to city. So, the North American railroads
decided to come up with a new standardized time system called the Standard Railway Time for the railroad operations to go smoothly and the
scheduling of the different arrival and departure times would not be as

Late Nineteenth Century
In the late 1800's, farmers believed that the railroad companies were strangling away their profits and the government was in favor of big business
thus justifying their feelings of discontent.". The farmers had every right to be upset about their situation because the government saw a need for
reform which alludes to the fact that problems existed, the railroads had a monopoly on shipping which raised costs and affected profit margins, the
value of crops had deflated, and big business was hostile towards farmers.
Documents A–H reveal some of the problems that many farmers in the late nineteenth century (1880–1900) saw as threats to their way of life. Using
the documents and your knowledge of the period, (a) explain the reasons for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Crops such as cotton and wheat, once the sustenance of the agriculture industry, were selling at prices so low that it was nearly impossible for
farmers to make a profit off them. Furthermore, improvement in transportation made it easier for foreign competition to gain the upper hand,
making it harder for American farmers to dispose of extra crops that had accumulated. To do this, many railroads offered rebates and drawbacks to
larger shippers who used their rails. As a result of the agricultural depression, many farm groups, most notably the Populist Party, arose to fight what
farmers saw as the reasons for the decline in agriculture. The railroads regularly used rebates and drawbacks to help win the business of large
shippers, and made up this loss in profit by increasing the cost to smaller shippers such as farmers. However, in many ways, the railroads hurt small
shippers and farmers. During the last twenty years of the nineteenth century, many farmers in the United States saw monopolies and trusts, railroads,
and money shortages and the loss in value of silver as threats to their way of life, though in many cases their complaints were not valid. Finally, years
of drought in the Midwest and the downward spiral of business in the 1890's devastated many of the nation's farmers. Thus, the farmers of the late
nineteenth century had a valid complaint against railroad shippers, for these farmers were hurt by the unfair practices

The Awakening: An Emergence of Women's RIghts in the Late...
The Awakening: An Emergence of Women's Rights in the Late Nineteenth Century Kate Chopin's The Awakening addresses the role of women within
society during the late nineteenth century. The novel is set in South Louisiana, a place where tradition and culture also play a vital role in societal
expectations. The novel's protagonist, Edna Pontellier, initially fulfills her position in society as a wife and as a mother while suppressing her urges
to live a life of passion and freedom. Edna's relationship with her husband, LГ©once Pontellier, represents her expected role in a marriage that lacks
passion and excitement. Edna's relationship with her lover, Robert Lebrun, represents her indulgence in her passion and freedom. Chopin juxtaposes the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kate Chopin came from a traditional Creole family. Chopin incorporated many aspects of New Orleans life in her writings and included much local
color (Pontuale). South Louisiana is full of tradition and culture. Creole culture is well known for its lively music and colorful art. Social gatherings
and balls were prominent in a wealthy society. In the story, Edna Pontellier feels like an outcast amidst a society of Creoles and recognizes "their
absence of prudery" (Chopin 12). Mr. Pontellier's character portrays a typical husband of this time period. Clearly, The Awakening challenges the role
of a woman in nineteenth century society. A woman's purpose is centered on childbirth and child rearing. Women are expected to naturally receive
pleasure from motherhood. According to Stone, birthing is a symbol for the rebirth of Edna as an artist. Stone argues that Edna shows progress
throughout the novel and becomes more "self–defined," rather than passive and regressive as argued by many scholars additionally. Birth also becomes
a symbol for spiritual rebirth. The sea is also a powerful symbol for Edna's rebirth of a new self (Stone 23–26). "The voice of the sea speaks to the
soul," (Chopin 18). Ultimately, when she commits suicide, she has completely been reborn and achieved independence. A woman's traditional role
during the late nineteenth century is to live for her

Late Nineteenth Century and Labor Force
The late nineteenth century (1875–1900), having just witnessed the long years of Reconstruction, left America in the spirit of change. This ardor led
to the creation of new technological advancements such as the remodeled sewing machine but most importantly it changed the way workers
wanted to be treated and payed. But during this time, organized labor was unsuccessful in improving the working conditions of laborers due to the
abundance of violent attacks and the inability to overcome different backgrounds. The federal government efforts to destroy labor union strikes
were fruitful during The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 (Document B) and The Homestead Strike in 1892 (Document G). The Great Railroad Strike
started with a devastating stock market crash and depression in 1873. Thousands of businesses were forced to close down and others forced to
drastically reduce pay and fire their workers. Years later on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which is mentioned in Document B, railroad laborers
working on these lines striked because of the reductions in their pay. According to the New York Times in 1877, this revolt was hopeless, and
hopeless it was. The great strike, which consisted of 45 days severely punished the economy that is until President Rutherford B. Hayes called out the
militia. Two weeks after the calling of the militia almost 100 people died. America's railroads stood still but America's railroad workers still did not
receive the wages they rightfully deserved.

City Life In The Late Nineteenth Century

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