Lab practice Taking analysis from nose and throat

1. Taking analysis from
the nose and throat
for bacteriological
research.

2. The purpose of taking
smears from the nose and
throat is to establish the
nature of the bacterial flora
and sensitivity to antibacterial
drugs in rhinitis, angina and
pharyngitis.

3. Indications: angina,
pharyngitis, rhinitis of
unspecified etiology,
lack of response to
treatment.

4. Contraindications:
inability to open
your mouth (dislike,
fear, mental illness),
face burn.

5. Taking a swab
from the throat
and nose.

6. Necessary
equipment:
1. Sterile test tube
with a dry cotton
swab.

7. 2. Sterile test
tube with a
wet swab.

8. 3. Iron or
disposable
medical
spatulas

9. 4. Medical
glove

10. 5. Medical
mask

11. 6. The
test tube
rack

12. 7. Referral for a smear from the throat, nose (underline )
The sender of the
institution________________________________________________
Office ___________________________________________________
the full name of the
patient__________________________________________________
Diagnosis ________________________________________________
date and time of specimen
collection________________________________________________
the date and time it is sent__________________________________
the name of the medical worker, the conductive fence ____________
________________________________________________________
date and time of receipt of sample in the bacteriological laboratory
________________________________________________________
the name of the technician who took the
material__________________________________________________

13. 8. Disinfectant
solution

14. 9. Containers
for
disinfection.

15. The material must be taken from the mouth
without touching the oral mucosa or teeth,
fixing the tongue with a spatula. If there are
films, the material is taken at the border of
healthy and affected tissue.
The interval between food intake and material
intake should be at least 2 hours. If the
patient received antibiotics, the study is
carried out 3 days after the end of their
reception.

16. * The Ames coal transport medium is
used for material collection. The
delivery time of the material to the
laboratory is no more than 48 hours at
a temperature of 20-25 ° C.• When
collecting material without using a
transport medium, the delivery time of
the material to the laboratory is no
more than 2 hours.

17. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE RESULTS
OF THE STUDY:
* Factors that distort the result;
Incorrect technique for taking material.
* Factors that cause a false negative result ;
No indication of antimicrobial therapy on the
patient's referral form to the laboratory
(possibility of a false negative result).
Delay in sending the material to the laboratory
(there may be scant growth of pathogens and
excessive growth of commensals).

18. Method of taking a
swab from the
throat:

19. 1. Inform the patient on the
forthcoming manipulation and its
course performance.
2. Wash your hands.
3. Wear a mask and gloves.
4. Sit the patient in front of the light
source.
5. Ask the patient to tilt their head
back slightly.

20. 6. Take a test tube with a wet swab and a
spatula in your left hand.
7. Ask the patient to open his mouth.
8. Press the tongue with your left hand using
a spatula, and with your right hand remove
the sterile swab from the test tube.
9. Run this swab over the arches and Palatine
tonsils, without touching the mucous
membrane of the tongue and mouth.

21. 10. Remove the swab from the mouth and
insert it into the test tube without touching
its outer surface.
11. Remove the mask and gloves.
12. Treat the mask, gloves and spatula in
accordance with the requirements of the
sanitary regime.
13. Wash your hands.
14. Fill out the direction and send the test
tube to the laboratory.

22. It is recommended to first
wipe the right tonsils, then
go to the Palatine arch, the
left tonsils, and at the end-to
the back wall of the pharynx,
using a single tampon.

23. Method of taking a
smear from the
nose:

24. 1. Inform the patient on the
forthcoming manipulation and its
course performance.
2. Wash your hands.
3. Wear a mask and gloves.
4. Sit the patient down.
5. Ask the patient to tilt their
head back slightly.

25. 6. Take a test tube with a dry cotton
swab in your left hand, and with your
right hand remove the swab from the
test tube (your fingers should only
touch the tube that the swab is
attached to).
7. Insert the tampon deep into the left
and then right nasal cavity.

26. 8. Remove and insert the swab into the test
tube without touching its outer surface.
9. Remove your gloves and mask.
10. Treat the gloves and mask in accordance
with the requirements of the sanitary regime.
11. Wash their hands.
12. Fill in the direction.
13. Put the test tube in the laboratory or put it
in the refrigerator (the test tube can be stored
in the refrigerator for no more than 2-3 hours).

27. Materials (i.e. mucus
particles from the throat
and nose) obtained by
smearing can then be
sent for various tests,
including:

28. - Rapid antigen tests- these are specially
designed systems that react to particles of
microbes of a strictly defined type.
- Seeding is the transfer of mucus particles
from the throat or nose to a special nutrient
medium in which microbes from the mucus
begin to multiply rapidly, forming colonies.
- PCR analysis-allows you to determine the
types of microbes that inhabit the mucous
membrane of the throat and nose by
fragments of their DNA that are present in
the mucus.

29. If the doctor assumes that the
source of permanent infection
of a sick person is someone
from a healthy family member,
he can recommend that all
family members make a smear
from the throat or nose.

30. Blood sampling from a vein is
performed for purulent wounds
on vacutainers with a red cap.
Collection of secretions from
the wound or any other
affected area is also performed
using a cotton swab.