Overview of OSHA requirements for Personal Protective Equipment

1. Why Are We Here?
1. Review OSHA’s
requirements for
Personal Protective
Equipment
2. Share ideas
3. Learn about common
hazards
Draft 7 6 2014

2. Apr 2013
• While making plastic
molds on her first--and
last--day in April,
Ramirez suffered a
searingly painful burn
on her hand.

3. Overview
• PPE Assessment
• Payment
• Training
• Audit

4. Objectives
In this course, we will discuss:
• General provisions
• Hazard assessment
• Basic hazard categories
• Hazard sources
• Personal protective equipment (PPE)

5. What is PPE?
• Equipment that creates a barrier against
workplace hazards
• Examples include hard hats, goggles,
gloves, hearing protection, etc.
• A temporary measure

6. Accident 2010
• Sodium Hydroxide Spill
• Event Date: 01/14/2010
• Employees noticed the sodium hydroxide tank was
leaking.
• David Weaver used several towels in an attempt to clean
up the spill.
• He was found by two other employees in the men's locker
room sitting on a little bench.
• He had received burns on his face and both arms.
• Injury took place in the laundry department.
• The sodium hydroxide is used as an additive for washing
soiled/bloody laundry.

7. Most Cited
• No written respirator
program
• No medical evaluation
for respirator use
• No PPE assessment
certification
• No PPE assessment
conducted
• No Eye Protection
• No PPE used when
hazard present
• Voluntary use of
respirators – App. D
• No Respirator fit test.
• Inadequate or no
respirator training
• No Hand Protection

8. PPE Assessment
• Conduct an Assessment of PPE that will be
required for a hotel.
PPE Hazard Assessment Certification Form
*Name of work place: __________________________________ *Assessment conducted by:
_________________________
*Work place address: __________________________________ *Date of assessment:
_______________________________
Work area(s): _________________________________________ Job/Task(s):
_______________________________________
*Required for certifying the hazard assessment. Use a separate sheet for each job/task or work
area

9. Personal Protective Equipment
• Definition: Devices used to protect an
employees from injury or illness resulting
from contact with chemical, radiological,
physical, electrical, mechanical, or other
workplace hazards (OSHA)
• The need for PPE and the type of PPE used
is based on hazard present; each situation
must be evaluated independently

10. Payment
• Employers pay for almost all
personal protective equipment
that is required by OSHA’s
general industry standards.
• Metatarsal foot protection;
• Rubber boots with steel toes;
• Non-prescription eye
protection;
• Hard hats/Bump Caps;
• Hearing Protection;
• Personal fall protection; and
• Reflective work vests.
• It does not require payment for
uniforms, items worn to keep
clean, or other items that are not
PPE.
• Sturdy work shoes;
• Non-specialty slip-resistant,
non-safety-toe footwear;
• Items worn for patient safety
and health, not employee safety
and health; and
• Uniforms, caps or other
clothing worn solely to identify
a person as an employee.

11. Some Caveats
• PPE is used as a last resort
• The use of PPE signifies that the hazard
could not be controlled by other methods,
such as:
– administrative controls (i.e., shift rotation)
– engineering or industrial hygiene controls

12. Back to the caveats...
• The use of PPE signals that the hazard still
exists in the workplace
• Unprotected individuals in the same area
will be exposed
• Failure of PPE means that the worker will
be exposed
• PPE can be combined with other controls

13. So, what is it???

14. Head Protection
• Hard Hats
– Change or clean liner every year
– New every 5 years
– Marked with ANSI Z89

15. Face Protection
• Eye Protection
– Glasses
• side shields
• Must meet ANSI Z-87 standard
– Goggles
• dusty, chemicals
• Face shield

16. While applying siding with
an air powered staple gun, a
staple hit a metal plate
behind the siding,
ricocheted back and one leg
of the staple penetrated the
wearer’s safety glasses'
lens

18. Eye and Face Protection
• Eye and face protection equipment required by
this Part shall meet the requirements specified in
American National Standards Institute (ANSI),
Z87.1-1989, Practice for Occupational and
Education Eye and Face Protection.
• Bungee cords are a common cause of severe eye
injuries. Wear eye protection when using bungee
cords.
• According to Prevent Blindness America (PBA),
an estimated 2.4 million eye injuries occur in the
United States each year, and nearly 1 million
Americans have lost some degree of eyesight
from an eye injury

19. Eye and Face Protection
• Employees whose vision requires the use of
corrective lenses in spectacles, when required
by this regulation to wear eye protection,
shall be protected by goggles or spectacles.

20. Eye and Face Protection
– Spectacles whose protective lenses provide
optical correction
– Goggles that can be worn over corrective
spectacles without disturbing the adjustment of
the spectacles
– Goggles that incorporate
corrective lenses mounted
behind the protective lenses

21. Eye and Face Protection
Thousands of people are blinded
each year from work-related eye
injuries. According to the
Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS), nearly three out of five
workers are injured while
failing to wear eye and face
protection.

22. Hearing Protection

23. Ear protection
Re-usable ear plugs:
• regular and careful washing
• fitted by a trained person
• must be good fit
• dust may irritate
• Ear Muffs
• well designed
• well made
• must be good fit

24. Hearing
Protection
• Ear plugs
• Ear muffs
• Audiometric testing
• More information provided in
training on hearing
conservation

25. Hearing Protection Basics
• Noise induced hearing loss can occur with
exposures >90 dBA
• A hearing conservation program becomes a
requirement at exposures >85dBA
• Higher levels of noise exposure have
shorter allowable exposure times

26. Noise levels versus Duration
Sound Level (dBA)
90
92
95
100
105
110
115
Exposure (hours)
8
6
4
2
1
0.5
0.25

27. Hearing Protection
• Rule of Thumb - if you cannot carry on a
conversation in a normal tone of voice with
someone at arm’s length, you are likely near
90dBA
• All hearing protection devices should have
a Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) = # of
decibels they will reduce noise levels
• Be conservative when using NRRs

28. A couple examples
• Example 1
– Ear plugs with NRR of 25 dBA
– exposure = 105 dBA
– 105 minus 25 = 80 dB therefore okay
• Example 2
– same plugs
– exposure = 125 dBA
– 125 minus 25 = 100 dB not acceptable; must be
below 90 dB

29. Hearing Protection - Types
• Ear Plugs - less expensive, disposable, good
ones have fairly high NRRs - sometimes
difficult to tell if employees are wearing
them
• Ear Muffs - more expensive, more durable,
typically higher NRRs than plugs, more
obvious
• Can be used together in very high noise
areas

30. Arm and Hand Protection

31. Why It’s Important
• It has been estimated that almost 20% of
all disabling accidents on the job involve
the hands
• Some examples of traumatic injuries to
your hands:
– Cuts: Tools and machines with a sharp edges
– Punctures: Staples, screwdrivers, nails,
chisels and stiff wire
– Sprains, Crushing Injuries: Getting your
hands caught in machinery
– Gloves and rotating machinery are
dangerous. Gloves can get caught.

32. Hand Protection
• Gloves
– Cotton
– Leather
– Latex
– Viton
– Butyl
– Neoprene
– PVC
– Nitrile
– Other

33. Gloves - more caveats
• No glove is good against all hazards;
consult the glove manufacturer for glove
selection chart
• Gloves have a finite lifespan and must be
periodically replaced
• When donning gloves, examine them for
signs of tears, cracks, holes and dry rot
• Hands should always be washed after
removing gloves

34. Glove
Selection
Be sure you
know which
glove is
appropriate
for the
chemical
you are
using

35. Foot Protection
• Work shoes
• Boots
• Steel-toed shoes & boots

36. Safety Shoe
Symbols
• Most safety shoes have symbols on
the outside, to indicate the
protection the shoe offers.
Examples are:
• Green Triangle indicates that it is a
class 1 toe cap with puncture
resistant sole.
• Yellow Triangle indicates that it is
a class 2 toe cap with puncture
resistant sole.
• White Square (with ohm symbol)
indicates electrical protection.
• Yellow Square (with SD) indicates
anti-static protection.
• Red Square (with C) indicates
electrically conductive.
• Fir Tree indicates protection against
chain-saws.

37. Protective Footwear
• Steel-toed footwear,
preferably with metatarsal
guards, is used to protect
feet from crushing injuries
caused by heavy objects
• Rubber boots are often
used to protect feet from
exposure to liquids
• Chaps or leggings are used
in certain applications
(i.e., using a chainsaw)

38. Introduction to PPE
• Foot Protection

39. Respiratory Protection
• 1910.134
– Written program
– Medical evaluation
– Fit testing
– Selection and use
– Maintenance and care
– Training
– Program evaluation
– Recordkeeping

40. Dust
Any powder or dust including:
• cement, wood, stone
• silica, fillers, plaster, asbestos
Any excess dust can be harmful, ranging from:
• skin irritation
to
• respiratory problems
Possible long-term health problems

41. Respiratory protective equipment
Selection of suitable type by
competent person
Factors:
• nature of hazards
• measured concentrations
• period of exposure
• vision
• communications
• confined spaces
• personal suitability

42. Respiratory protective equipment
Training in the use
of equipment must
be given
Stored in a clean,
well-ventilated place

43. Respiratory protective equipment
Disposable face mask:
• light, comfortable, cheap
• one user only
• eight hour maximum
use, but less if high dust
levels
• dispose of after use
• May not be ok for silica

44. Respiratory protective equipment
Half-mask dust respirator:
• easily maintained
• freedom of movement
• may have ‘shelf life’
• colour coded cartridges

45. Respiratory protective equipment
• High efficiency
particulate air (HEPA)
dust respirator:
• full face protection
• correct fitting and use
• beards, spectacles, etc.
may lessen efficiency

46. Respiratory protective equipment
Positive pressure powered
respirator:
• for long periods of work
• pump and filter
• approximately seven hours
use
• air leaks go outwards
• requires battery and filter
maintenance

47. Respiratory protective equipment
Helmet and visor respirator:
• battery-operated fan and
filter
• comfortable
• not for all hazards
• requires maintenance
schedules

48. Respiratory protective equipment
Compressed airline breathing
apparatus:
• mask or hood with
compressed airline
• requires pure air at correct
pressure, humidity and
temperature
• air hose can restrict
movement

49. Respiratory protective equipment
Self-contained breathing
apparatus:
• mask, air regulator and
cylinder
• used only by a trained
person
• selected by competent
person
• cylinder duration is 20 – 30
minutes

50. Training Requirements
• Training must be provided prior to use, unless acceptable
training has been provided by another employer within the past
12 months
• Retraining is required annually, and when:
– changes in the workplace or type of respirator render previous
training obsolete
– there are inadequacies in the employee’s knowledge or use
– any other situation arises in which retraining appears necessary
• The basic advisory information in Appendix D must be
provided to employees who wear respirators when use is not
required by this standard or by the employer

51. Voluntary Use Requirements
(other than filtering facepiece respirator)
• Medical evaluations
• Maintenance,
Cleaning, Storage
• Appendix D

52. Voluntary Use Requirements
(Filtering facepiece only)
Appendix D only:
• Read and Heed all
instructions
• Use approved
respirators
• Properly selected
• Keep track of your
respirator

53. Medical Evaluation Requirements
• Evaluation completed prior to wearing
respirator
• Annually thereafter
• Evaluation include information in Sections
1 and 2, Part 1 Of Appendix C
• Conducted by a physician or licensed health
care professional

54. Medical Signs and Symptoms
• The following are
signs or symptoms
that may prevent the
use of a respirator:
– Seizures
– Claustrophobia
– Asthma
– Emphysema
– Pneumonia
– Collapsed Lung
– Lung Cancer
– Broken Ribs
– Chest
Injuries/Surgeries
– Any other lung
problems
– Heart or Circulation
problems
– Anxiety

55. Fit Testing
Before an employee uses any
respirator with a negative or
positive pressure tight-fitting
facepiece, the employee must be
fit tested with the same make,
model, style, and size of
respirator that will be used.

56. User Seal Check
An action conducted by the respirator
user to determine if the respirator is
properly seated to the face.
Positive Pressure
Check
Negative Pressure
Check

57. Protection Factors
• Protection Factor
• Half-Face Respirator 10 x PEL
• Full-Face Respirator 50 x PEL
• Powered Air Respirator 100 x PEL
• Air-line 100 x PEL

58. Chainsaws

59. Welding
• November 24, 2009
• Employee was
repairing a holding
tank.
• While repairing the
tank, he was using an
arc welder and his
shirt caught on fire.
• Employee #1 was
hospitalized for burns
to his torso.

60. Safety Harness
• Limits a fall to only 6
feet
• Must be supplied by
employer
• Employee MUST be
trained on how to use
• Requires a written
program

61. Levels of PPE
• Level A - To be
selected when the
greatest level of skin,
respiratory, and eye
protection is required

62. Levels of PPE
• Level B - The highest
level of respiratory
protection is necessary
but a lesser level of
skin protection is
needed.

63. Levels of PPE
• Level C - The
concentration(s) and
type(s) of airborne
substance(s) is known
and the criteria for
using air purifying
respirators are met.

64. Levels of PPE
• Level D - A work
uniform affording
minimal protection,
used for nuisance
contamination only.

65. Recordkeeping PPE
g
• Keep written
documentation for 3 years
-names of employees
trained
-type of training
-date of training
• Maintain certification of
PPE assessment
• Maintain written PPE
Hazard Assessment

66. VPP Company Selection of PPE
• They use
• JSA
• Hazard Review Audits
• SDSs
• Discussion with the EHS Manager
• SOPs

67. Questions ?