This document provides information on first aid for bleeding. It defines types of bleeding such as hemorrhage, arterial bleeding, venous bleeding, and capillary bleeding. It describes signs of internal bleeding and how to monitor and treat internal bleeding. It discusses applying direct pressure, elevating wounds, and using dressings and bandages to control external bleeding. It provides steps for treating bleeding of an extremity, including applying a tourniquet as a last resort. It also covers cleaning and dressing different types of open wounds.

1. FIRST AID: BLEEDING
Done by:
Ali Fakih
Abass Al Dana
Ahmad Al Siblani
Represented for : Lina al hajj
houssein

2. Definitions:
Hemorrhage: Rapid blood loss
1)Adult: 1 quart may lead to
shock
2) Child: 1 pint loss of blood

3. Sources of Bleeding:
BLEEDING
EXTERNAL BLEEDING
INTERNAL BLEEDING

4. Internal Bleeding:
Internal Bleeding Look for: Black stools
Bright red stools Cough or vomit with
blood Fractured ribs or bruises over
Lower chest, non menstrual vaginal
bleeding

5. Internal Bleeding: What To
Do:
What To Do Monitor ABC’s Lay on side if
appropriate (expect vomiting) Treat for
shock Raise legs 8-12 inches (if
conscious) Cover victim Bruises: Ice,
ace wrap, elevate ,medical support
immdiatly

6. Monitor internal bleeding
Use RICE produre:
Rest
Ice
Compress area with elastic bandage
Elivate the injur extemity

7. Sources of External
Bleeding:
Arterial Bleeding:
Arterial Bleeding Most serious / arteries are usually deep in the body Rapid
and profuse blood loss Bright red / spurts Less likely to clot Must use
means to stop blood flow
Venous Bleeding:
Venous Bleeding Steady flow / bluish-red May be profuse More easily
controlled Veins are closer to the body surface Can be serious
Capillary Bleeding:
Capillary Bleeding Easily controlled Blood oozes Road rash
Blood Vessel Spasm:
Blood Vessel Spasm Severed arteries Artery draws back into the tissue
Artery constricts and slows bleeding Partially severed arteries Associated
with greater blood loss Example: amputations

8. MORE SEVERE BLEEDING
 USE A CLEAN CLOTH
TO APPLY DIRECT
PRESSURE TO
WOUND
 IF BLEEDING
CONTINUES, ADD
MORE CLOTH AND
PRESSURE
 DON’T REMOVE FIRST
CLOTH

9. BLEEDING
 IF BLEEDING CAN’T BE STOPPED BY
APPLYING DIRECT PRESSURE,
ELEVATE THE WOUND ABOUT THE
HEART WHILE APPLING PRESSURE

10. BLEEDING
 IF BLEEDING CONTINUES, GET
MEDICAL HELP IMMEDIATELY

11. Dressing: Material placed directly over
a wound
Bandage: Material used to Hold
Dressing

12. Dressing
Dressings Used to control bleeding
Prevents contamination Dressings
should be: Sterile Larger than the
wound Thick, soft, compressible Lint
free (no cotton balls)

13. Types of Dressings:
Gauze pads
Adhesive strips
Trauma dressings
Improvise Donut shaped

14. Dressings Application
Wash hands Dressing should extend
over edges of wound Do not touch
dressing surface that is to be next to
the wound Place medications directly
onto pad Cover with a bandage Removal
of Dressings Soak “stuck” dressing in
warm water

15. Bandages
Application of Bandages
Leave toes and fingers exposed if
possible Bandage too tight? Check for
color, circulation, temperature Wrap
towards the heart Small end of bone to
large end

16. Types of Bandages:
Bandages Roller gauze Improvised
Triangular Cravat Adhesive
paper tape Adhesive strips
Tourniquets

17. Cut Leg:
Someone Has A Cut Leg: What Should
You Do? (external bleeding / depends
on severity) Call for help when
necessary Protect yourself from bodily
fluids Expose the wound Apply sterile
gauze pad (dressing) Apply constant,
direct pressure for 10 minutes (don’t
peak)

18. Cut Leg If dressing becomes blood
soaked do not remove dressing, add
others over it After 10 minutes, if
bleeding persists apply pressure harder
and over a wider area for 10 more
minutes (seek help)

19. Perform First aid for Bleeding
of an Extremity
All Bleeding stops eventually
Stop it before it runs out

20. Perform First aid for Bleeding of an
Extremity
Step # 1:
Expose the Wound
Use Caution with Burns
or if in a Chemical Environment

21. Perform First aid for Bleeding of an Extremity
Step # 2:
Apply & Secure a Field Dressing
Expose the Wound
Prepare Dressing
Open Dressing
Apply to wound
Secure dressing
Tie tails in Non-Slip Knot

22. Perform First aid for Bleeding of
an Extremity
Step # 3:
Apply Manual Pressure
Direct Pressure for 5 to 10 Minutes
Step # 4:
Elevate the Injured Limb
Do this at the same time as Applying
Pressure
DO NOT elevate a suspected Fracture

23. Hold And Wrap

24. Perform First aid for Bleeding of
an Extremity
Step # 5:
Apply a Pressure Dressing
Only on a wound of the Arm or Leg
Placed on top of the field dressing

25. Need a hand ???
How about a Tourniquet ?

26. Perform First aid for Bleeding of
an Extremity
Step # 6:
Determine if a Tourniquet is Needed
Only when all else Fails
Not on wounds to the Head, Neck, Chest
Not used on amputation of part of Hand
or Foot
Is used on amputation of Upper Arm,
Forearm, Thigh or Lower leg

27. Perform First aid for Bleeding of
an Extremity
Step # 7:
Gather Materials for Making a Tourniquet
Tourniquet Bands
Rigid Object
Securing Materials
Padding

28. Perform First aid for Bleeding of
an Extremity
Step # 8:
Select Tourniquet Site
Upper Arm
Thigh
Above the Joint, as Close to Joint as
Possible
Not over a Fracture

29. Perform First aid for Bleeding of
an Extremity
Step # 9:
Apply a Tourniquet
ONLY USED AS LAST RESORT

30. Application Of Tourniquet
(Tying of Half-Knot)

31. Application of Tourniquet
(Positioning Stick)

32. Application Of Tourniquet
(Full-Knot on Stick)

33. Secure Stick

34. Perform First aid for Bleeding of
an Extremity
Step # 10:
Dress an Amputation

35. Perform First aid for Bleeding of an Extremity
Step # 11:
Mark the Casualty
•“T” and time of Tourniquet application
• Do not cover tourniquet
• Monitor Casualty and Treat for Shock

36. Types of Open Wounds :
Types of Open Wounds Abrasion – scrape Incision –
smooth edged cut (not in text) Laceration – jagged
irregular edges Puncture – deep, narrow stab wound
High rate of infection (animal bites) Should heal from
inside out Gently press on wound edges to promote
bleeding – rinse wound -dress Avulsion – flap of skin
torn loose Amputation – cutting off a body part

37. What To Do:
Wear gloves and expose wound Control bleeding
Clean wound To prevent infection Wash shallow
wound gently with soap and water (betadine)
Wash from the center out / Irrigate with water
for 5 minutes Severe wound?

38. Wound Care:
Wound Care Do not close wound with steri-
strips Use roller bandages (or tape dressing to
the body) Keep dressings dry and clean Change
at least daily More frequently if wet or dirty Use
antibiotic ointments for shallow wounds only
Wound Care #2:
Wound Care #2 Do not apply: Mercurochrome,
merthiolate, iodine, alcohol, or hydrogen
peroxide Do not make dressing air tight If
dressing sticks? soften with warm water prior to
removal

39. QUESTIONS ??