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Presntation for bleeding control in emergency care
- 1. BLEEDING CONTROL SQN LDR PARMODKUMAR JR1(EMERGENCY MEDICINE)
- 2. WOUNDS: • Wound iscaused when any tissue (Skin, Muscle, Bone, etc. ) is torn or cut by an injury. • DEPTH of the wound is more important than AREA. TYPES OF WOUND: • OPEN WOUND • CLOSED WOUND
- 3. OPEN WOUND: • INCISEDWOUND • LACERATED WOUND • PUNCTURED WOUND • GRAZE OR ABRASION • GUN SHOT WOUND • AVULSION AMPUTATION CLOSED WOUND: • CONTUSED WOUND
- 4. Core Skills ControlBleeding 4 Sources of Bleeding • Arterial - Rapid, profuse and pulsating - Bright red in color • Venous - Steady flow, nonpulsating - Dark red or maroon in color • Capillary - Slow and oozing - Often clots spontaneously, not dangerous
- 5. BLEEDING: • BLEEDING RESULTSDUE TO RUPTURE OF BLOOD VESSELS. TYPES OF BLEEDING: • EXTERNAL BLEEDING • INTERNAL BLEEDING VARIETIES OF BLEEDING: ARTERIAL BLEEDING: • BLOOD COMES FROM AN ARTERY. • BLOOD IS BRIGHT RED IN COLOUR. • BLOOD COMES IN JETS & IT CORRESPONDS TO HEART BEAT. • BLOOD LOSS IS RAPID & PROFUSE & CAN CAUSE DEATH QUICKLY.
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- 7. Control Bleeding 7 ExternalBleeding
- 8. 8 Types of ExternalBleeding • Lacerations • Abrasions • Puncture wounds • Amputations • Avulsions
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- 12. Core Skills ControlBleeding 12 Amputations
- 13. Core Skills ControlBleeding 13 Avulsion
- 14. MANAGEMENT: • STOP BLEEDING. •HANDLE GENTLY. • WASH YOUR HANDS THOROUGHLY. • REMOVE ANY FOREIGN BODY, IF POSSIBLE. • DO NOT REMOVE EMBEDDED OBJECTS. • DON’T DISTURB BLOOD CLOTS. • PLACE CLEAN DRESSING & BANDAGE FIRMLY. • SHIFT TO HOSPITAL.
- 15. VENOUS BLEEDING: • BLOODCOMES FROM A VEIN. • BLOOD IS DARK RED IN COLOUR. • BLOOD FLOWS AS A CONTINUOUS STREAM & MAY BE PROFUSE. CAPILLARY BLEEDING: • BLOOD COMES FROM CAPILLARIES. • BLOOD OOZES. • COLOUR IS LESS RED THAN ARTERIAL BLOOD. • NOT SERIOUS.
- 16. NATURES RESPONSE TOINJURY: RESTRICTS BLOOD FLOW TO THE AREA BY: • CONTRACTING THE ENDS OF CUT BLOOD VESSELS. • FORMATION OF BLOOD CLOTS WITH THE HELP OF CLOTTING FACTORS, FIBRINOGEN, ETC.
- 17. SIGNS & SYMPTOMSOF BLEEDING: • FAINT & GIDDINESS. • COLD & CLAMMY SKIN. • WEAK & RAPID PULSE. • SHALLOW BREATHING WITH GASPS & SIGHS. • PROFUSE SWEATING. • THIRST. • BLURRED VISION. • UNCONSCIOUSNESS.
- 18. MANAGEMENT: EXTERNAL BLEEDING CANBE CONTROLLED BY: • DIRECT PRESSURE. • ELEVATION. • INDIRECT PRESSURE ON PRESSURE POINTS. • SPLINTING. • INFLATABLE SPLINTS. • BLOOD PRESSURE CUFF. • TOURNIQUET.
- 19. DIRECT PRESSURE: CAN BEAPPLIED BY: • FIRST AIDER’S HAND. • DRESSING & FIRST AIDER’S HAND. • PRESSURE DRESSING. • PRESSURE TO BE APPLIED FOR 10 TO 30 MINUTES. • AFTER CONTROL, APPLY FIRM BANDAGE. • NEVER REMOVE EXISTING BANDAGE IF BLEEDING RECURS. APPLY ANOTHER OVER IT. ELEVATION: • GRAVITY HELPS TO LOWER BLOOD PRESSURE & BLEEDING IS SLOWED. • NOT TO BE USED IN CASES OF FRACTURES & SPINAL INJURIES.
- 20. PRESSURE POINTS: • PRESSUREPOINT IS A SITE WHERE MAIN ARTERY LIES NEAR THE SURFACE OF THE BODY, DIRECTLY OVER A BONE. • PULSATION CAN BE FELT IN THESE AREAS. • BRACHIALARTERY - FOR BLEEDING FROM UPPER LIMB. • FEMORALARTERY - FOR BLEEDING FROM LOWER LIMB. • CAROTID ARTERY - FOR BLEEDING FROM NECK. • TEMPORALARTERY - FOR BLEEDING FROM SCALP. • FACIALARTERY - FOR BLEEDING FROM FACE. • SUB CLAVIAN ARTERY - FOR BLEEDING FROM CHEST WALL & ARMPIT
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- 22. Core Skills ControlBleeding 22 Brachial Pressure Point
- 23. Core Skills ControlBleeding 23 Femoral Pressure Point • To control severe bleeding of thigh and lower leg • Located at front, center part of crease in the groin
- 24. APPLICATION OF INDIRECTPRESSURE
- 25. NOTE: • PRESSURE POINTTECHNIQUE IS USED ONLY AFTER DIRECT PRESSURE & ELEVATION FAILS TO CONTROL BLEEDING. • RELAX THE MUSCLES OF THAT AREA, WHICH WILL HELP IN APPLYING PRESSURE BETTER. • CONTINUE PRESSURE TILL BLEEDING IS CONTROLLED OR TILL MEDICAL HELPARRIVES. • RELEASE PRESSURE ONCE IN 15 MINUTES AND REAPPLY. • SPLINTING • INFLATABLE SPLINTS • BLOOD PRESSURE CUFF • TOURNIQUET : APPLIED AS A LAST RESORT, AS IN CASES OF AMPUTATION, ETC.
- 26. • MINOR BLEEDING: •CONTROLLED BY ELEVATION & DIRECT PRESSURE. • MAJOR BLEEDING: • EXTERNAL BLEEDING: • BRING SIDES OF WOUND TOGETHER & PRESS FIRMLY. • POSITION THE PATIENT IN A COMFORTABLE POSITION. • ELEVATE THE INJURED PART IF POSSIBLE. • IF DIRECT PRESSURE FAILS, APPLY PRESSURE ON PRESSURE POINT FOR 10 TO 15 MINUTES. • APPLY CLEAN PAD, LARGER THAN THE WOUND & PRESS FIRMLY, TILL BLEEDING IS CONTROLLED. • IF BLEEDING CONTINUES, DO NOT REMOVE SOAKED PAD, BUT APPLY MORE PADS. • BANDAGE FIRMLY. • SHIFT TO HOSPITALAS A PRIORITY.
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- 28. Core Skills ControlBleeding 28 Splints • Immobilization of the injured extremity is one of the best ways to stop bleeding • Broken bone fragments may lacerate blood vessels • Muscular activity will increase rate of blood flow
- 29. Core Skills ControlBleeding 29 Tourniquets • Early use of a tourniquet in the setting of forceful arterial bleeding, such as an amputation, may be life- saving • STOP THE BLEEDING!
- 30. Core Skills ControlBleeding 30 Amputations
- 31. Core Skills ControlBleeding 31 Tourniquets • Use a commercial tourniquet, such as the Combat Application Tourniquet, if available • If not available, then use.. – Cravat – Belt – Rope – Strap from LBE – Any available material
- 32. CMAST 32 Combat ApplicationTourniquet WINDLASS SELF ADHERING BAND WINDLASS STRAP ▪ The C-A-T was selected as the primary tourniquet for every soldier.
- 33. C-A-T Step 1 Placethe wounded extremity through the loop of the Self-adhering Band
- 34. C-A-T Step 2 Placetourniquet above the injury site
- 35. C-A-T Step 3 Pullthe free- running end of the Self-adhering Band tight and securely fasten it back on itself.
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- 38. g Tourniquet Application • Placetourniquet between the heart and wound • Wrap tourniquet around extremity • Tighten UNTIL BLEEDING STOP
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