The document provides guidance on first aid for bleeding control, including defining first aid as initial treatment for injuries or illnesses, outlining principles like preserving life and promoting recovery, and detailing steps for bleeding control like applying direct pressure to the wound, elevating the extremity, adding more dressings if bleeding continues, and applying pressure to appropriate pressure points if needed. Signs and symptoms of shock are also described, along with treating shock by placing the patient in the recovery position and calling for emergency help.

1. Self Aid
Buddy Care
FIRST AID BLEEDING CONTROL

2. WHAT IS FIRST AID?
First Aid: is the initial assistance or treatment given to
casualty for any injury or sudden illness before the arrival of
a doctor, nurse, paramedic/EMT, ambulance or other qualified
medical personnel.
Principles of first aid – 3 P’s
▪ Preserve life – prevent a loss of life
▪ Prevent deterioration – stop bleeding, treat shock, prevent
condition from worsening
▪ Promote recovery – improve the condition, promote recovery,
ease pain

3. Injuries: Abrasion
Abrasion: Scrapes against a rough surface where
several layers of skin are removed or torn, usually
more painful than deeper cuts.
Wash wound soap/water, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol
swab, remove all dirt and debris; use tweezers if
needed. Leave wound open to air unless oozing fluid or
blood apply properly sized bandage and apply anti-
microbial ointment.

4. Injuries: Laceration & Incisions
Laceration: flesh irregularly torn; cut or tear in the
skin
Minimal bleeding and minimal pain can be treated at
home while deeper cuts (more bleeding) may require
sutures by a physician.
Incisions: Surgical wounds made by scalpel during
surgery, sutures can be accidentally torn open

5. Injuries: Avulsion
Avulsions: Layers of skin torn off completely or only a flop of
skin remains. Similar to lacerations except the injury is to the
extent that the tissue has been completely ripped from the
source. May result in considerable bleeding. Requires medical
attention

6. Injuries: Punctures
Punctures: Penetration of skin by sharp objects, nails, tacks,
gun shot wound (GSW), knives, teeth, needles
May be small in diameter and not seem serious but requires
medical attention. Do not attempt to remove the object.

7. Shock Signs & Symptoms
Shock – A significant indicator of a worsening condition
Hypovolemic shock is caused by severe fluid loss – such
as bleeding, burns, severe diarrhea and vomiting.
Signs, Symptoms: pale, cold, clammy skin, weakness, dizzy,
lightheaded, thirst, rapid or weak/thread pulse, rapid or
shallow breathing, anxiety, dropping level of consciousness
(fainting)

8. Shock Recovery Position
Treatment – Shock position: lay patient down in
supine position (face up) and elevate legs above the
heart, provide reassurance, keep them warm (blanket)
and call for help immediately – do not give any food or
drink

9. Bleeding Control Procedure
1. Take appropriate safety precautions – safety first, wear gloves if available
2. Direct pressure – with gloved hand and gauze dressing, apply direct pressure over the site that is bleeding. Use appropriately sized dressing that covers
entire site
3. Elevate extremity – elevation of the bleeding extremity should be secondary to and in conjunction with the application of direct pressure. Elevate lime
above the level of the heart. May have to consider laying patient in order to elevate extremity and prepare for the shock position if needed.
• Apply additional bandage/Dressings (gauze) – In case bleeding does not stop or bandages become saturated, apply additional dressings/gauze over
the dressings that have already been applied. Use a bandage or tape to secure dressings in place and limit the movement of the extremity.
4. Locate and apply pressure to appropriate pressure point
• Pressure points may be used in the upper/lower extremities if bleeding continues and soaks through the dressings. Locate the pressure point for the
area that is bleeding and apply direct pressure to that area.
• Tourniquet only as a last resort (bleeding does not stop after pressure on pressure point and bleed is life threatening): only placed above or below joint

10. Pressure point/artery visual locations

11. Activity
Equipment: GLOVES
GAUZE

12. Activity Guide
Step 1: Don gloves (put gloves on)
Step 2: Use gauze/apply direct pressure to wound (forearm)
Step 3: Elevate extremity (arm) & continue to apply direct pressure
Step 4: Apply additional dressings (gauze)
Step 5: Apply pressure to brachial (arm) pressure point

13. Activity Visual Guide
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