HEAT EXCHANGERS. Heat exchangers are devices that facilitate the exchange of heat between two fluids that are at different temperature while keeping them from mixing with each other. 2. Double Pipe Heat Exchangers 3. A typical double pipe heat exchanger basically consists of a tube or pipe fixed concentrically inside a larger pipe or tube They are used when flow rates of the fluids and the heat duty are small (less than 5 kW) These are simple to construct, but may require a lot of physical space to achieve the desired heat transfer area. 4. Double-pipe exchangers is the generic term covering a range of jacketed 'U' tube exchangers normally operating in countercurrent flow of two types which is true double pipes and multitubular hairpins.  One fluid flows through the smaller pipe while the other fluid flows through the annular space between the two pipes.  Two types of flow arrangement: Parallel flow Counter flow 5. • The fluids may be separated by a plane wall but more commonly by a concentric tube (double pipe) arrangement shown in fig. If both the fluids move in the same direction, the arrangement is called a parallel flow type. In the counter flow arrangement the fluids move in parallel but opposite directions. In a double pipe heat exchanger, either the hot or cold fluid occupies the annular space and the other fluid moves through the inner pipe. The method of solving the problem using logarithmic mean temperature difference is typical and more iteration must be done. So it takes more time for the problem to solve. Therefore another method is practiced for solving this type of problems. This method is known as Effectiveness and Number of Transfer Units or simply ε-NTU method.“Effectiveness of heat exchangers is defined as actual heat transfer rate by maximum possible heat transfer rate”.The LMTD method may be applied to design problems for which the fluid flow rates and inlet temperatures, as well as a desired outlet temperature, are prescribed. 6. Application of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Pasteurization or sterilization of food and bioproducts Condensers and evaporators of air conditioners Radiators for internal combustion engines Charge air coolers and intercoolers for cooling supercharged engine intake air of diesel engines.

2. Heat exchangers are devices that facilitate the exchange
of heat between two fluids that are at different
temperature while keeping them from mixing with
each other.

3. Double Pipe Heat Exchangers

4. A typical double
pipe heat
exchanger
basically consists
of a tube or pipe
fixed
concentrically
inside a larger
pipe or tube
They are used when
flow rates of the
fluids and the heat
duty are small (less
than 5 kW)
These are simple to
construct, but may
require a lot of physical
space to achieve the
desired heat transfer
area.

5. Double-pipe exchangers is the generic term covering a range of
jacketed 'U' tube exchangers normally operating in countercurrent
flow of two types which is true double pipes and multitubular
hairpins.
 One fluid flows through the smaller pipe while the other
fluid flows through the annular space between the two
pipes.
 Two types of flow arrangement:
Parallel flow Counter flow

8. • The fluids may be separated by a plane wall but more commonly by
a concentric tube (double pipe) arrangement shown in fig. If both the
fluids move in the same direction, the arrangement is called
a parallel flow type. In the counter flow arrangement the fluids move
in parallel but opposite directions. In a double pipe heat exchanger,
either the hot or cold fluid occupies the annular space and the other
fluid moves through the inner pipe. The method of solving the
problem using logarithmic mean temperature difference is typical
and more iteration must be done. So it takes more time for the
problem to solve. Therefore another method is practiced for solving
this type of problems. This method is known as Effectiveness and
Number of Transfer Units or simply ε-NTU method.“Effectiveness of
heat exchangers is defined as actual heat transfer rate by maximum
possible heat transfer rate”.The LMTD method may be applied to
design problems for which the fluid flow rates and inlet
temperatures, as well as a desired outlet temperature, are
prescribed.

11. Application of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Pasteurization or sterilization
of food and bioproducts
Condensers and evaporators of
air conditioners
Radiators for internal combustion
engines
Charge air coolers and
intercoolers for cooling
supercharged engine
intake air of diesel
engines.

12. Compact Heat Exchanger

13. Apparatus that has two streams of fluid that exchange
temperatures in order to heat or cool the system.
Compact heat exchangers are a class of heat
exchangers that incorporate a large amount of heat
transfer surface area per unit volume.
Most automotive heat exchangers would come into the
compact heat exchanger category since space is an
extreme constraint for automotive applications.

14. • In the operation of machine tools it is necessary to
compensate the introduced heat in order to reduce the
deformation of the machine and thus minimize the
manufacturing tolerances. Usually, the manufacturers of the
machine tools demand a temperature tracking control of the
supply fluid with the ambient temperature. Therefore, often
fluid-fluid cooling systems are used, which consist of two fluid
circuits.The primary circuit (I) is connected to the machine
tool and the secondary circuit (II) to a coolant supply.
Compact plate heat exchangers are often used as thermal
coupling of both circuits. Their advantages are a small overall
size, high overall heat transfer coefficients and low production
costs.

18. • Compressed Gas / Water coolers
• Water / water coolers
• Oil / water coolers
• Preheaters, CiP-Preheaters
• Condensers and evaporators for chemical and
technical processes of all kinds.
• Machine coolers
• Oil coolers for hydraulic systems
• Oil and water coolers for power machines
• Refrigeration and air-conditioning units
•/#sthash.75hFDA3b.dpuf

19. Shell and Tube Heat
Exchanger

20.  Shell and tube type heat exchangers (multi-tubular heat
exchangers) feature a shell (body) and multiple tubes (heat
transfer tubes).
 They are designed so as to achieve a large transfer surface area
within a small space, with minimal loss of fluid pressure.
 They can be applied to all purposes, from low temperature to high
temperature, from low pressure to high pressure, and for heating,
cooling, evaporation and condensation.
 They are highly reliable in comparison with other types of heat
exchanger, and are the most widely used in the hydraulic and
chemical related industries.
 Their basic structure is simple, so maintenance is very easy.

21. • It has a series of tubes which is enclosed by
a shell. One fluid flows inside the tubes
while the other liquid flows over the outside
walls of the tubes which, basically, is the
shell. It's highly recommended for places
where there's a need for high heat transfer
coefficient as the number of tubes can be
increased depending on the need. Due to its
unique shape, it finds use in high pressure
applications.

22. Rolling
machines
forming
machinery
machine
tools
construction
equipment
chemical
plants
shipping
Power
generation
Steamsuper
heaters and
condensers
Food
processing
machinery
Medical
appliances
Semiconductor
machinery
equipment
Co-generation

25. Plate and Frame Heat
Exchanger

26. A plate heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that uses metal plates
to transfer heat between two fluids. This has a major advantage over a
conventional heat exchanger in that the fluids are exposed to a much
larger surface area because the fluids spread out over the plates. This
facilitates the transfer of heat, and greatly increases the speed of
the temperature change. Plate heat exchangers are now common and very
smallbrazed versions are used in the hot-water sections of millions
of combination boilers. The high heat transfer efficiency for such a small
physical size has increased the domestic hot water (DHW) flowrate of
combination boilers.

27. • The small plate heat exchanger has made a great impact in
domestic heating and hot-water. Larger commercial versions
use gaskets between the plates, whereas smaller versions
tend to be brazed.
• The concept behind a heat exchanger is the use of pipes or
other containment vessels to heat or cool one fluid by
transferring heat between it and another fluid. In most cases,
the exchanger consists of a coiled pipe containing one fluid
that passes through a chamber containing another fluid. The
walls of the pipe are usually made of metal, or another
substance with a high thermal conductivity, to facilitate the
interchange, whereas the outer casing of the larger chamber
is made of a plastic or coated with thermal insulation, to
discourage heat from escaping from the exchanger.

28. • It consists of a series of gasketed, embossed
metal plates arranged alternately and bolted
together between end frames to form
channels through which hot and cold media
flow. The hot fluid flows on one side of the
plate while the cold fluid flows on the other,
with the plate itself providing the most
effective means to transfer heat from one
fluid to the other. Gaskets on the plates seal
the channels and provide flow direction.
As liquids flow counter-currently through the
channels between the plates, the cold liquid
becomes warmer and the hot liquid cooler.
Most units are designed for a one-pass/one-
pass flow arrangement, resulting in all
nozzles being installed on the stationary end
frame, which facilitates simpler piping
arrangements and easier disassembly.

29. • For close temperature control of fluids for heat
recovery applications particularly in operations
requiring frequent opening and cleaning of the unit.
• Especially effective in high volume applications and/or
where both media require the use of costly resistant
metals such as titanium, palladium or various other
alloys.

30. Energy
> Solar collector fluid isolation
> Heat recovery in co-generation facilities
> Turbine cooling in power plants
> Geothermal water isolation
> Isolation and “free cooling” in HVAC
> Heat recovery from boiler blowdown
> District chilled water coolers
Pulp & Paper
> Heat recovery from de-inking effluent
> Jacket water cooling in black liquor
recovery process
> Heating white water in paper mills
> Cooling bleach solutions
Integrated Systems
> Welder water coolers
> Cooling machine oil
> Cooling grinder coolant
> Cooling electronic equipment
> Hydraulic oil coolers
Chemicals
> Waste heat recovery from condenser
water
> Heating or cooling jacket fluid for chemical
reactors
> Heating and cooling chemical solutions
Metals
> Heating phosphatizing solutions
> Acid coolers
> Cooling ammonia liquor at coke plants
> Cooling anodizing solutions
> Heating of electrolyte solution in copper
mills
> Cooling quench oil
> Heating and cooling plating solutions
Maritime
> Lube oil cooling
> Cooling engine jacket water
> Heating ship service water
Food & Beverage
> Heating wash water
> Heating and cooling sugar solutions
> Ethanol distillation
Oil & Gas
> Heat recovery from lean to rich amine
solutions
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
> Preheat make-up water in photo
processing
> Paint coolers
> Heating and cooling kaolin slurries.

32. Regenerative Heat
Exchanger

33. • A regenerative heat exchanger, or more commonly a
regenerator, is a type of heat
exchanger where heat from the hot fluid is
intermittently stored in a thermal storage medium
before it is transferred to the cold fluid.
• They have 2 types of regenerative heat exchanger,
which is static and dynamic heat exchanger.

34. Static Heat Exchanger
 Basically a porous mass that has a large heat storage
capacity, such as ceramic wire mesh.
 Hot and cold fluids flow through this porous mass
alternatively.
 Heat is transferred from the hot fluid to the matrix of
the regenarator during the flow of the hot fluid., and from
the matrix to the cold fluid during the flow of the cold
fluid.
Thus, the matrix serves as a temporary heat storage
medium.

35. Dynamic Heat Exchanger
 Involves a rotating drum and and continuos flow of the hot
and cold fluid through different portions of the drum so that
any portion of the drum passes periodically through the hot
stream, storing heat, and then through the cold stream,
rejecting this stored heat.
 Again the drum serves as the medium to transport the heat
from the hot to the cold fluid stream.

36. Application of Regenerative Heat
Exchanger
 Liquid fluid
 Pharmaceutical processing
 Air-conditioning
 Cooling towers
 Air-preheaters

38.  https://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=im
ages&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fw
ww.slideshare.net%2Facpammar%2Fheat-
exchangers35430932&ei=bMfqVPfxFtXq8AWrhYLoAw&psig=AFQjCN
F48axyNUOYFb3TLdvE515EOG2NBg&ust=1424758718671896
 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-
2621.2004.tb09927.x/abstract
 https://books.google.com.my/books?id=ZsU5A1mANWUC&pg=PA2
&lpg=PA2&dq=application+of+double+pipe+heat+exchanger&sourc
e=bl&ots=sa5CBGKVCa&sig=LNwOwbIAdldy0HlBHMgiul_PltY&hl=en
&sa=X&ei=tdXqVMzTF8SA8gWiuYKgAg&ved=0CN0BEOgBMBs#v=on
epage&q=application%20of%20double%20pipe%20heat%20exchan
ger&f=false

39.  http://narsa.org/wpcontent/uploads/2012/09/NARSA_Compa
ctHXDesign_Sep2012-Borghese.pdf
 http://enggyd.blogspot.com/2011/04/double-pipe-heat-
exchanger-experiment.html
 http://www.kamui.co.jp/english/products/shell_and_tube/
 http://www.brighthubengineering.com/hvac/61791-features-
and-characteristics-of-the-flat-plate-heat-exchanger/
 http://inproheat.com/product/heat-exchangers/plate-and-
frame
 http://www.harshindia.com/Tranter_Plate_and_Frame.html
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_heat_exchanger