1. Eukaryotic promoters also consist of sites located 100 to 200 base pairs upstream, which interact with proteins other than RNA polymerase and thus, regulate the activity of the promoter. These sites are called enhancers since they lead up to 200-fold increase in the rate of transcription of an affected gene. 2. In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II transcribes messenger RNAs and RNA polymerase II requires general initiation factors (TF) IIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH assemble on promoter DNA along with polymerase II, creating a large multiprotein–DNA complex that supports accurate initiation. Transcriptional activators and co- activators, regulate the RNA synthesis from each gene in response to several developmental and environmental signals. 3. The other regulatory sites are called silencers consists of many kilobases which repress gene expression. 4. The transcriptional repressors are proteins that bind to specific sites on DNA and prevent transcription of nearby genes. The majority repressors inhibit the initiation of transcription. 5. The specific DNA-binding Proteins consists of 60 to 100 amino acids and two types o f zinc fingers found in DNA binding factors that participate in transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. 6. Mediator proteins are (TRAP/ PC2/ARC) large in size (22-28 subunit) and specific protein complexes that bind RNA polymerase II and controls transcription from class II genes. It binds RNA polymerase II and mediates activation and repression of transcription. 7. General transcription factors (GTFs) or basal transcriptional factors are a class of protein transcription factors that bind to specific promoter sequences on DNA to activate transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA. These are TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH. Solution 1. Eukaryotic promoters also consist of sites located 100 to 200 base pairs upstream, which interact with proteins other than RNA polymerase and thus, regulate the activity of the promoter. These sites are called enhancers since they lead up to 200-fold increase in the rate of transcription of an affected gene. 2. In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II transcribes messenger RNAs and RNA polymerase II requires general initiation factors (TF) IIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH assemble on promoter DNA along with polymerase II, creating a large multiprotein–DNA complex that supports accurate initiation. Transcriptional activators and co- activators, regulate the RNA synthesis from each gene in response to several developmental and environmental signals. 3. The other regulatory sites are called silencers consists of many kilobases which repress gene expression. 4. The transcriptional repressors are proteins that bind to specific sites on DNA and prevent transcription of nearby genes. The majority repressors inhibit the initiation of transcription. 5. The specific DNA-binding Proteins consists of 60 to 100 amino acids and two types o f zinc fingers found in DNA bindin.

1. 1. Eukaryotic promoters also consist of sites located 100 to 200 base pairs upstream, which
interact with proteins other than RNA polymerase and thus, regulate the activity of the promoter.
These sites are called enhancers since they lead up to 200-fold increase in the rate of
transcription of an affected gene.
2. In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II transcribes messenger RNAs and RNA polymerase II
requires general initiation factors (TF) IIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH assemble on
promoter DNA along with polymerase II, creating a large multiprotein–DNA complex that
supports accurate initiation. Transcriptional activators and co- activators, regulate the RNA
synthesis from each gene in response to several developmental and environmental signals.
3. The other regulatory sites are called silencers consists of many kilobases which repress gene
expression.
4. The transcriptional repressors are proteins that bind to specific sites on DNA and prevent
transcription of nearby genes. The majority repressors inhibit the initiation of transcription.
5. The specific DNA-binding Proteins consists of 60 to 100 amino acids and two types o f zinc
fingers found in DNA binding factors that participate in transcription mediated by RNA
polymerase II.
6. Mediator proteins are (TRAP/ PC2/ARC) large in size (22-28 subunit) and specific protein
complexes that bind RNA polymerase II and controls transcription from class II genes. It binds
RNA polymerase II and mediates activation and repression of transcription.
7. General transcription factors (GTFs) or basal transcriptional factors are a class of protein
transcription factors that bind to specific promoter sequences on DNA to activate transcription of
genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA. These are TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE,
TFIIF, and TFIIH.
Solution
1. Eukaryotic promoters also consist of sites located 100 to 200 base pairs upstream, which
interact with proteins other than RNA polymerase and thus, regulate the activity of the promoter.
These sites are called enhancers since they lead up to 200-fold increase in the rate of
transcription of an affected gene.
2. In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II transcribes messenger RNAs and RNA polymerase II
requires general initiation factors (TF) IIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH assemble on
promoter DNA along with polymerase II, creating a large multiprotein–DNA complex that
supports accurate initiation. Transcriptional activators and co- activators, regulate the RNA
synthesis from each gene in response to several developmental and environmental signals.

2. 3. The other regulatory sites are called silencers consists of many kilobases which repress gene
expression.
4. The transcriptional repressors are proteins that bind to specific sites on DNA and prevent
transcription of nearby genes. The majority repressors inhibit the initiation of transcription.
5. The specific DNA-binding Proteins consists of 60 to 100 amino acids and two types o f zinc
fingers found in DNA binding factors that participate in transcription mediated by RNA
polymerase II.
6. Mediator proteins are (TRAP/ PC2/ARC) large in size (22-28 subunit) and specific protein
complexes that bind RNA polymerase II and controls transcription from class II genes. It binds
RNA polymerase II and mediates activation and repression of transcription.
7. General transcription factors (GTFs) or basal transcriptional factors are a class of protein
transcription factors that bind to specific promoter sequences on DNA to activate transcription of
genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA. These are TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE,
TFIIF, and TFIIH.