This presentation is about Gerund and Invinitive from 9 group in Structure 4 course

1. The 9th Group :
Fatonah (23030160145)
Anih Suryati (23030160203)
Rizqiya (23030160

2. GERUND AND TO
INFINITIVE

3. ICE BREAKING

4. RECALL
1. What is concessive
clause?
2. What is adversative
clause?
3. What are conjunction of
concessive clause?

5. BRAINSTORMING
1. What is Gerund?
2. What is infinitive?
3. Make example of gerund and
infinitive!

6. DEFINITION OF GERUND
 If a sentence begins with (verb+ing), the verb must also
be singular. (Cliff, Toelf 74)
 The verb in a gerund is reduced to participial form. All
participial forms may function as gerunds except the –ed
past participle, the most common form, however, is the –
ing present participle. (Marcella Frank, 314)
 Gerunds are used as the objects of the verbs in the list.
The list also contains phrasal verbs that are followed by
gerunds. (Betty S A, 247)
 Gerund adalah suatu kata kerja yang dibendakan secara
stucture bukan secara materi. Gerund juga didefinisikan
sebagai kata kerja yang difungsikan sebagai noun, jadi
gerund tetap berhak memiliki karakter verb; yakni
memiliki object dan adverb. (Top Grammar, 421)

7. THE FUNCTION OF GERUND
1) Gerund as Subject
If the gerund is the subject of the sentence, the possessive
form is obligatory in both formal and informal usage.
E.g :
• Hearing Aldo’s voice makes Via happy
• Traveling is bad for you because it will spend your money
2) Gerund as Object
Gerund terletak setelah certain verb (CV).
Pola-> S + CV + Gerund
E.g :
• Ihsan stopped coming late to the classes
• Diki can’t stand waiting his girl friend

8. 3) Gerund as Subjective Complement
usually it come from nominal sentence.
E.g :
- Alvin’s favorite activity is reading
- His responsibility is taking care you
- My job is teaching English

9. DEFINITION OF TO INFINITIVE
Infinitive verb yang berfungsi sebagai noun,
pengganti modal auxiliary (similar expression of
modal auxiliary), adjective and adverb. (Top
Grammar, 403)
The infinitive phrase may function not as the
main verb of a clause, but as another part of
speech-either as a noun, adjective or adverb.
(Marcella Frank, 328)
A verb phrase made up of the particle ‘to’ and
the base form of a verb. If it is the negative
particle ‘not’ is usually placed before the ‘to’.
(/http://googleweblight.com//)

10. FORM OF TO INFINITIVE
Form Active passive
Simple Continous
Present Infinitive To + V1 To be + V ing To be + V3
Not to + V1 Not to be + V ing Not to be + V3
Perfect Infinitive To have + V3 To have been + V ing To have been + V3
Not to have + V3 Not to have been + V
ing
Not to have been + V3

11. THE FUNCTION OF TO INFINITIVE
1) As Subject
E.g :
- To be patient is a character which teachers
should have
- To run in the morning makes our body healthy
2) As Object
E.g :
- They continued to write
- Reva forgot to mail the letter

12. 3) As Subjective Complement
E.g :
- My favorite activity is to read
- My purpose in Pare is studying
English
4) As supplanter Modal Auxiliary
In similar Expression of Modal
(Be able to, have /got to, be to,
used to, be allowed to, be
supposed to, and be going to)
E.g
- I have to study English
- I am to go now

13. Any Questions?

14. INDIVIDUAL EXERCISE
1. Since my father and my mother are both working, we usually go
…… on Sunday.
a. to shop c. shopping
b. they shop d. for shopping
2. The thief denied ….. The jewelry although the police forced him to
admin.
a. steal c. stolen
b. stealing d. to steal
3. In her letter my friend said that she was looking forward ….. From
me again.
a. to hearing c. hearing
b. to hear d. to being heard
4. Which one is gerund?
a. I don’t like swimming c. she was writing a love letter
b. I am sitting on the fence d. he has been waiting for me here

15. 5. Would you mind….. Please?
a. to answer the telephone.
b. answer the telephone.
c. for answering the telephone.
d. answering the telephone.
6. Stephen is interested in …… pop music.
a. listen to c. to listen
b. listening d. listening to
7. Being lost the tourist stopped ….. At his map for the place they
wanted to visit.
a. looking c. to look
b. he looked d. was looking
8. These walls want ….. Green.
a. painted c. painting
b. to paint d. to be paint

16. GAME
CREATE THE SENTENCE

17. FEEDBACK

18. Quote Of The Day
“Learning Is A Step To
Improve While Thinking Is
The Key To Perfecting It”.