Infinitive and gerund

1. República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Educación Superior
Instituto Universitario Politécnico Santiago Mariño
Extensión Porlamar – Edo Nueva Esparta
Ingeniería Civil
Bárbara Rojas
C.I: 27.000.605

2. DEFINITION
The infinitive is the basic form of verbs in
english. It is usually structured as
follows: to + (root of the verbs), for
example, to talk. However, there is also
the form without to. It can have different
funtions within a sentence, among which
is expressing opinions or purposes.

3. TYPES
1. Present infinitive: it is the best known form. It is formed with the structure
to + (root of the verb) and works as a noun in a sentences. Example: to
sleep was a pleasure.
2. Negative infinitive: it is formed with not + the infinitive. May or may not
include the to. As its name indicates, it is to negate an action. Example:
try not to be angry.
3. Progressive infinitive: it is structured as follows, (to) be… ing (the to may
or may not appear). It serves to indicate an action that continued,
continues or will continue while speaking. Example: its nice to be talking
to you.
4. Perfect infinitive: its structure is this, (to) have + past participle (the to may
or may appear). It is usually common in the third conditional. Example: if i
had known you were coming i would have cooked your favorite meal.
5. Passive infinitive: its form is as follows, (to) be + past participle (the to may
or may not appear). Example: your trainers need to be washed.

4. USES
Verbs in the infinitive can have different functions in sentences.
1. AS SUBECT: in the case, it serves as the noun and the ucleus of the
sentence. Example: to be or not to be, that is the question.
2. AFTER VERBS: as in the case of the gerund not al verbs admit a later
infinitive. In his table you can find some of the most common verbs that do
allow it. Example: i love to swim at night.
3. VERB + OBJECT + INFINITIVE: the verb + object + infinitive structure is les
common than the previous case and, like this, can only be done with specific
verbs. Example: they dont want me to go.
4. AFTER ADJECTIVE: the infinitive can go arter adjective to indicate the reason
for this. Example: yor dogs are excited to go to the park.
5. AFTER NOUM: when it follows a noun, it is usually to express the purpose of
something. Example: have you got the key to open this door?

5. DEFINITION
The gerund is a verb form that can
fulfillfunctions in a sentence beyond those of a
verb, such as subject, object, complement or
present participle. It is structured with the
infinitive form of the verb + the suffix – ing.
Example: the gerund of walk is walk ing. Tanks
to these characteristics, it is very dynamic and
can be used in different ways within the same
text.

6. USOS
1. AFTER VERBS: here it should be noted that in this sense there are
three types of verbs. In verbs like need and want, the gerund has a
passive meaning, for example: you hair needs cutting.
2. AFTER PREPOSITIONS: after prepositions gerund is used, not
infinitive. This includes phrases like in spite of or theres no point in, for
example: you cant make an omelette without breaking some eggs.
3. IT.. + ING: sometimes you can use the pronoun it as preparatory
subject. That is, instead of starting the sentence with the subject, it is
used so that the subject appears later. For example: its nice talking to
you.
4. ING AFTER GO: although the most common is to read or hear that after
to comes the infinitive, when to is preposition it can be followed by the –
ing form. Something needs to be clarified here. When to is accompanied
by an infinitive, it is because it is a part of the verb form, thet is, they are
inseparable. For example: i want to go to the dancing club.

7. Knowing when to use the gerund or the infinitive in english is not easy.
Some verbs can be followed exclusive by one or the other, and some
more allow both, however, they have changes in the meaning of the
sentences. For examnple:
• I stopped smoking.
Here the gerund indicates a custom that ended.
• I stopped to smoke.
Here the infinitive indicates that another action stopped to start smoking.