11. Biotic and Abiotic
• Biotic and Abiotic factors determine the
survival and growth of an organism and the
productivity of the ecosystem in which an
organism lives.
13. Abiotic Factors
• Physical, non-living
factors that influence
an ecosystem
• Examples-
temperature,
precipitation,
humidity, wind,
nutrients, sunlight
14. Other factors that affect an
Ecosystem
• The area where an
organism lives is
called its habitat.
• Habitats provide
populations of wildlife
with food, water,
shelter and space.
• A niche is the full
range of physical and
biological conditions
in which an organism
lives and the way in
which the organism
uses those conditions.
It is an organisms’
occupation.
19. Water Cycle Definitions
• Evaporation – process of becoming a vapor; liquid to a gas
• Condensation – state of matter from gas to liquid; reverse
of vaporization
• Precipitation – the amount of water that falls to earth as
snow, sleet, hail, rain, mist
• Transpiration – loss of water from a plant through its
leaves
• Runoff – the flow of water, from snow and rain
• Infiltration – process by which water on the ground enters
soil
21. CO2 Cycle Description
• Plants release O2 into atmosphere as a
waste product
• Animals release CO2 into atmosphere as a
waste product
• Factories and cars release CO2 into
atmosphere through combustion.
• Plants use CO2 during photosynthesis and
animals use O2 for respiration.
22. Energy Flow
• Every organism needs energy to power
life’s processes
• The flow of energy through an ecosystem is
one of the most important factors that
determines the ability to sustain life
23.
24. Autotrophs
• Captures energy from sunlight or chemicals
and use that energy to produce food.
• Other names are producers or plants.
• Are essential for the flow of energy through
the biosphere
• Produce food through Photosynthesis
27. Heterotrophs
• Organisms that rely on other organisms for
their energy and food supply.
• Consumer is another name
• Types of Consumers
• Herbivores
• Carnivores
• Omnivores
• Decomposers
• Detritivores
29. Decomposers
• Breaks down
dead/decay matter
• Bacteria and fungi are
examples of
decomposers
• Detritivores feed on
plant/animal remains
• Millipedes and
earthworms are
detritivores
30. Parasites
A parasite is an organism
that lives on or in a host
organism and gets its food
from or at the expense of
its host.
Example – Tick, Flea, Tapeworm
31. Energy Flow
Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction from the
sun to autotrophs (producers) and then to heterotrophs
(consumers).
32. Food Chains
• A food chain is a
series of steps in
which organisms
transfer energy by
eating and being eaten.
33. Food Web
• A network of complex
feeding relationships
among the various
organisms in an
ecosystem
34. Energy Pyramid
• Trophic level is each step
in a food chain/web
• A diagram that shows the
amount of energy or
matter contained within
each trophic level in a
food chain/web
• Only about 10% of the
energy available within
one trophic level is passed
to organisms in the next
trophic level.
36. Succession
• Primary Succession – succession that occurs
on the surface where no soil exists
• Pioneer Species first species to populate the
area
• Examples- lichen and moss
39. Succession
• Secondary Succession – following a
disturbance that destroys a community
without destroying the soil.
• Example- land cleared and plowed for
farming
• Example – Fires set by lightning
