Introduction to animal welfare

1. ANIMAL WELFARE
• The welfare of an animal defined by its physical
and psychological state’
• Animals are kept fit through good husbandry,
hygiene, preventative medicine and prompt
treatment of injury and disease

2. • - Desire to prevent unnecessary animal
suffering
• - State of an animal as it attempts to cope with
environmental change. Welfare will vary in a
continuum from poor to good
• - Important to distinguish those effects which
reduce fitness from those which do not
• - Animals may go through difficult periods but
may succeed in coping without long-term
effects

3. Measures of poor welfare;
• - Reduced life expectancy
• - Reduced growth or breeding
• - Body damage
• - Disease
• - Immunosuppression
• - Physical and behavioural attempts to cope
• - Behaviour pathology

4. Measures of good welfare;
• - Variety of normal behaviours shown
• - Extent to which strongly preferred behaviours
can be shown
• - Physiological indicators of pleasure
• - Behavioural indicators of pleasure

5. • For rational debate we need to know how
animal agriculture affects:
Animal welfare and their keepers
Sustainability
World hunger and food security
Human health
Global climate and environment

6. • Animal Welfare Concepts
• Naturalness:
ability of an animal to fulfil its natural needs
“Entails nurturing and fulfilment of animals’ nature”
• Physical status:
biological indicators including reproduction and
production
“regards its attempt to cope with its environment”
• Mental status:
positive and negative emotional states
“dependant on what animals feel”
“concerned with subjective feelings of animals,
particularly unpleasant subjective feelings of
suffering and pain

7. Five Freedoms
 Freedom from hunger and thirst
• Ready access to fresh water, and a diet that maintains full
health and vigour
 Freedom from discomfort
• An appropriate environment, including shelter and a
comfortable resting area
 Freedom from pain, injury and disease (can cause fear/
distress)
• Disease prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment
 Freedom to express normal behaviour (can cause fear/
distress)
 Freedom from Fear and Distress

8. Care Of Animal Transport
• 1) Protection of animal:
Transport do so in a way that does not or is
not cause injury or suffering to them.
Transport handling, loading and unloading
may not stressful for animal.
• Stress is of 2 types: a)Physical stress
b)Mental stress

9. 2) Fitness to travel:
Animal must be fit before the
journey start and remains sufficiently fit
throughout
•the journey. This mean animal should
be healthy enough to tolerate entire
journey.
• 3) Means of transport:
• The means of transport should be
constructed, maintained and operated to
avoid injury and suffering and ensure the
safety of animal.

10. Vehicle for transport must be
-disinfecting
-clean
-antislippery floor
-lighting and ventilated
-rubber mats
these standards must be adopted to provide
comfort criteria for animal duing transport.

11. • When planning the transport of animal it is
important that journey start from a place where
animal are first loaded and where they have
been accommodated for 48 hours.
Conditions:-
a)Driver should be careful during driving
b)roads condition
c)weather and temperature
d)shelter
e)hay for cattle

12. f)proper bedding
g)adequate space for animal
h)number of animals should be according to
area in vehicle so that one animal occupy
proper space and easily moveable
i) stock person should be:
-trained
-know about behavoir of animal
-loading and handling

13. The most important factor during transport is
feeding and water intake for an animal.
The species, age, condition of the animals and the
length and purpose of the intended journey
will affect feeding and watering.
Animal should be provided proper feed and
water after regular interval during transport.
There must be clear instruction about feeding and
watering according to species.

14. Feeding Requirements in different
animals
• Dogs, cats and other species: Dogs and cats
being transported must be fed at intervals of
not more than 24 hours and given water at
intervals of not more than eight hours.
• Poultry and domestic birds:
• For chicks of all species, this is not applicable
in a journey of less than 24 hours provided
that it is completed within 72 hours after
hatching

15. Unregistered domestic Equidae,
cattle, sheep, goats and pigs.
Must not be transported for more
than eight hours, unless
additional requirements for
vehicles carrying out long
journeys are met

16. Unweaned calves, lambs, kids and
foals which are still on a milk diet
and unweaned piglets.
After a maximum of nine hours of
travel, must be given a rest period of
at least one hour (sufficient in
particular for them to be given liquid
and if necessary fed). After this rest
period, they may be transported for a
maximum of a further nine hours.
Pigs. May be transported for a maximum
period of 24 hours. During the
journey, they must be offered water at
appropriate intervals and afforded an
adequate opportunity to drink.
Cattle, sheep, and goats. After 14 hours of travel, must be given
a rest period of at least one hour
sufficient for them in particular to be
given liquid and if necessary fed.
After this rest period, they may be
transported for a further 14 hours.

17. Unregistered domestic Equidae. May be transported for a maximum
period of 24 hours. During the
journey they must be given liquid
and if necessary fed every eight
hours.
If after these journey times animals have not reached their
destination, they must be unloaded, fed and watered and be
rested for a minimum of 24 hours.
For cattle, there is up to 28 hours actual journey time
(including the time it takes to load and unload the
animals) .

18. ▣ On longer journeys on higher standard
vehicles, a mid-journey rest must be taken if
the time limit for the first leg of the journey
is reached before the animals arrive at their
destination.
Animals may be given their mid- journey rest
on or off the vehicle.
The mid- journey rest must be at least one
hour long, and always long enough for
animals to be given liquid and if necessary
fed.

19. ▣ If the animals are to
be moved again as
part of a new journey
then they will need to
be rested for a
minimum of 48 hours
at the place of
departure.

20. ▣ “Animals should be handled and transported
separately in the following cases:
a) Animals of different species.
b)Animals of significantly different sizes or
ages.
c)Animals with horns from animals without
horns.
d) Animals hostile to each other.

21. ▣ Equidae older than eight months must wear
halters during transport
▣ piglets of less than three weeks, lambs of less
than one week and calves of less than ten days
of age can only be transported up to a
maximum distance of 100km;
▣ dogs and cats under eight weeks old cannot
travel unless accompanied by their mother.

22. ▣ There are two types of authorisation:
a) . short journey (Type 1) authorisation
for journeys over 65km and up to eight hours
duration;
b). long journey (Type 2) authorisation for
journeys over eight hours. This authorisation
covers both long and short journeys.
Transporters must either carry their transporter
authorisation or a copy of it.

23. Unfit animals for traveling
• It is illegal to transport an animal that’s considered unfit
for travel. This include:
• ▣ very young animals, eg calves less than ten days old,
pigs less than three weeks and lambs less than one
week
• ▣ calves less than 14 days old, for journeys over eight
• hours
• ▣ cervine animals in velvet, ie deer with newly growing
antlers
• ▣ puppies and kittens less than eight weeks old, unless
accompanied by their mother
• ▣ new-born mammals where the navel hasn’t
completely healed

24. ▣ heavily pregnant females - where more than 90 per
cent of the expected gestation period has passed -
unless they are being transported for veterinary
treatment
▣ females who have given birth during the previous
seven days
▣ sick or injured animals where moving them would
cause additional suffering, unless instructed by a
vet
▣ shorn sheep during cold weather - particularly
November to March and extreme temperatures

26. If animals are not provided by proper facilities
during transport then animal would suffer.
Inadequate facilities like:
 Poor housing
 Poor feeding
 Poor ventilation
 No proper resting period
 Poor weather

27. ▣ If above mentioned inadequate supply provided
to animal then animal will may suffer from:
-dehydration
-any diseases
-mental stress
these factors also affect meat quality and
productivity on animal.