2. INTRODUCTION
• Myocardial infarction (MI) also known as a heart attack can be
defined as cell death of cardiac myocytes caused by ischemia,
which is the result of a perfusion imbalance between supply and
demand.
• According to World Health Organisation (WHO), cardiovascular
diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, taking
an estimated 17.9 lives each year (https://www.who.int/).
• Indians are known to have the highest coronary artery disease
(CAD) rates. According to the survey in 2020, the Global Burden
of Disease study stated that the IHD death rate per 100000
population in India is 272 which is much higher than the global
average of 235.
3. SYMPTOMS
Chest pain that travels to the left arm or left side of the neck
Shortness of breath
Sweating
Abnormal heart beating
Anxiety
Fatigue
4. TYPES OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
TYPE 1
Spontaneous myocardial infarction related to ischaemia due to a
primary coronary event such as plaque erosion and/or rupture, fissuring,
or dissection.
TYPE 2
Myocardial infarction secondary to ischaemia due to either increased
oxygen demand or decreased supply, e.g. coronary artery spasm,
coronary embolism, anaemia, arrhythmias, hypertension, or
hypotension.
TYPE 3 Sudden unexpected cardiac death, including cardiac arrest.
TYPE 4
TYPE 4A Myocardial infarction associated with PCI.
TYPE 4B
Myocardial infarction associated with stent thrombosis as documented
by angiography or at autopsy.
TYPE 5 Myocardial infarction associated with CABG.