5. Brief History
Portugal was a monarchy since its foundation
from 1143 until 1910, when a Republican
revolution changed the Portuguese regime.
Since 1910 until 1926 Portugal had the 1st
Republic regime and then a political coup
gave rise to a new regime, which became a
dictatorship, in 1932.
6. Portuguese dictatorship
During the Second World War Portugal was
under a dictatorship, a political regime which
prevailed in Portugal for 41 years without
interruption, since the Constitution of 1933 until
the revolution in April 25th , in 1974.
We didn´t fight in the
World War II but our
leader (Salazar) helped
Hitler and Mussolini
since they had the same
political ideas.
7. Portugal out of the World War
II
Salazar was very proud of the Portuguese
neutrality and, to accomplish a religious
promise, he ordered the construction of one
of the most prominent Portuguese landmarks,
the statue of “Cristo-Rei,” who blesses Lisbon
from the other side of the river.
8. The Bridge
In 1966, Salazar also gave his name to this
bridge.
The name of this bridge changed to 25th April
Bridge after the April Revolution (1974).
9. Salazar
Antonio de Oliveira Salazar was the founder of
this regime called “Estado Novo” and after his
death, Marcelo Caetano followed the same
political ideology.
Oliveira
Salazar
Marcelo
Caetano
10. Ideological repression
During this period the portuguese people weren´t
allowed to express freely because they didn’t have
freedom to express their political ideias. The political
police (PIDE) exerted a strong repression and
ideological control in our country.
Many people were arrested and tortured because
they had different political opinions.
11.
12. The Colonial War
After World War II, ONU decided that Portugal,
among other countries, had to give autonomy to its
colonies.
Portugal refused to accomplish this determination
and the result was a long war period, which started in
1961.
It was the period of confrontation between the
Portuguese Army and the liberation movements of
the former overseas provinces of Angola, Guinea-
Bissau and Mozambique, between 1961 and 1974 .
13. In Portugal there is a big tradition in what concerns
migration. The numbers were always impressive but in the
20th century it was particularly remarkable:
→ From 1958 to 1974 the official statistics registered
about 1,5 millions people leaving Portugal.
Portuguese people were looking for better living
conditions but a great part of the young people ran away
from their military duty, which would forced them to
participate in the colonial war:
→ In 1973 there were about 123 thousand emigrants;
→ In 1974, in spite of many restrictions, 71 thousand
people left the country.
Portuguese
Migration
14.
15. The official propaganda
Salazar changed the Portuguese laws to show the
world that Portugal was a great country, as great as
Europe, and their colonies were not colonies but
“overseas provinces”.
Those ideas were against
the United Nations’ ideals.
16. Important personalities
Aristides de Sousa Mendes (1885-1953)
He was a consul in France, who took advantage of
his post, and helped to save about 30000 Jewish
refugees who were trying to escape from Nazism.
Because of his good work he’s known as “the
Portuguese Schindler”.
17. Important personalities
Eusébio (1942-1914)
He was one of the best Portuguese football players in
the football history, known as the Black Panther.
Eusébio lead Portugal to a third-place in the 1966
World Cup.
During the dictatorship Eusébio was a symbol of the
Portuguese tolerance.
19. Important Personalities
Amália Rodrigues (1920-1999)
She was a very famous fado’s singer, considered an
important international symbol of the Portuguese
music. She became an ambassador of Portuguese
culture all over the world.
She started her career in 1939 and sang until the last
few years of her life. When Rodrigues died in 1999
she was mourned as an icon of Portuguese life.
20.
21. 25th April 1974
The Portuguese dictatorship regime collapsed due to
a military action called MFA (Movimento das Forças
Armadas). Nowadays it’s still a very memorable day
celebrated by the Portuguese people.
The people were tired of repression and censorship
and the Portuguese army was tired of the colonial
war.
22. April 25th
1974
In April 25th , during the
military revolution flowers,
that were supposed to be
sold in Lisbon streets and
squares, were given to the
soldiers who placed them in
their weapons.
During the revolution the
soldiers did not fire their
weapons, instead, they
carried the flowers on the top
of their guns. This day is now
known as the Revolução dos
Cravos (The Carnation
25. Portuguese Republic
Presidents
1976 – Ramalho Eanes
1986 – Mário Soares
1996 – Jorge Sampaio
2006 – Cavaco Silva
2016 – Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
Each presidential term lasts for 5 years;
every president has accomplished 2
presidential terms so far.
26. Nobel Prizes
1949 – Egas Moniz was a Portuguese
neurologist and the responsible for the
development of cerebral angiography. He
won a Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1949.
1998 – José Saramago was a Portuguese
writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature
in 1998.
28. Portugal in the European
Union
In 1986 Portugal joined the European Union. This
decision gave Portugal some financial support to
improve our industry and agriculture.
Portugal had also the opportunity to join the foreign
market.
Since 1986 Portugal
has had a very strong
development in what
concerns economic
and social areas.
29. Expo 98
In the following decades Portugal has developed in
several different areas.
In 1998 Portugal presented a very successful
International Fair, named Expo 98. The theme of the
fair was "The Oceans, a Heritage for the Future",
chosen in part to commemorate 500 years of
Portuguese discoveries.
30. Expo 98
By this time Lisbon had a new interface, Gare do
Oriente, designed by Calatrava, a famous Spanish
architect.
It is a major train, bus and metro station that provides
travel connections to the whole of Portugal. It was
finished in 1998 for the Expo’98 world’s fair in Parque
das Nações, where it is located.
31. Vasco da Gama Bridge
This period was very important, Portugal was
experiencing a strong development in many different
areas.
A second bridge across the Tagus river was built and it
was named Vasco da Gama, one of the most famous
Portuguese navigators.
32. The Euro
On the 1st January 2002, after a decade of tough
negotiations the euro was finally introduced in 12
European countries, including Portugal.
The goal of creating an economic and monetary
union was accomplished and notes and coins began
to circulate.
33. Last years of our history
During the last years Portugal has had some
issues to solve:
→ An economic crisis with an austerity
budget, which has led many Portuguese
people to unemployment;
→ Thousand of Portuguese people, specially
the youngest ones, are being forced to
emigrate. Some are hoping to get their first
job and others are looking for better living
conditions.
34. Smiling to the future
In spite of all these problems, Portuguese
people hope for a better future since we are
nice, creative and adventurous people.
