2. politics and repression the
fascism
“If it is necessary to kill half of the population, it will be
done”
It was said by Franco in a English newspaper
interviewed.
3. The Guerrilleros were created
when the fascists were occupying
territories
The fascist repression:
- 190,000 dead people
- 143,000 missing people in ditches and graves
- 4,000 dead children in the San Rafael’s Cemetery
Socialist Communist Anarchist
4. One million Spanish workers had
to leave Spain to find work
There was a strike in Barcelona
due to the raising of the bus tickets
5. The represion was brutal with
imprisionments, deportations and
tortures
6. The Socialist Party and
the Communist in exile
led the opposition .
1948 an attempt by
Socialists to replace
Franco.
1962 “Munich Conspiracy”.From then till 1973, the
actions of the opposition
were reduced strongly.
Radio station-The-Pyrenees
THE OPPOSITION
MADE
OUTSIDE THE
SPANISH FRONTIERS
7. Tierno Galván, José Luis Aranguren
and Augustín García Calvo were
expelled form the University (1965)
Two platforms were created:
-Junta Democratica
- Plataforma de Convergencia
Democrática
December the 20th
1973: ‘Operation Ogre’
and its consecuence.
Salvador Puig Antich
Cordinación Democrática
8. THE EXILE
• 1st exile: 15,000 to 20,000 people
• 2nd exile: about 125,000 people
• 3rd exile: about 40,000 people
• 4th exile: about 25,000 people
• 5th exile: about 500,000 people
Reasons why they went into
exile:
- Ideological reasons
- Fear of reprisals by the
victors
The "Valière report“, made by the
French Government (9th
March, 1939) considered the
presence of 440,000 Spanish
refugees in France.
13. INDALECIO PRIETO
(1883-1962)
EXILED
POLITICAL CAREER
Minister of Finance (Spain)
14 April-16 December 1931
Minister of Public Works (Spain)
16 December 1931-12 September 1933
Minister of Marine and Air (Spain)
4 September 1936-17 May 1937
Minister of Defense (Spain)
17 May 1937-5 April 1938
President of PSOE
1935-1948
Deputy in the General Courts of Spain (Bilbao)
12 March 1918-15 September 1923
Deputy in the General Courts of Spain (Bilbao)
4 July 1931-2 February 1939
14. NICETO ALCALÁ-ZAMORA
(1877-1949)
EXILED
POLITICAL CAREER
President of the Spanish Republic
10 December 1931-7 April 1936
President of the Provisional Government of the
Spanish Republic
14 April 1931-14 October 1931
Minister of Public Works and Transport (Spain)
1917-1918
Minister of War (Spain)
7 December 1922-28 May 1923
15. MANUEL AZAÑA
(1880-1940)
exilied
He was the First
Prime Minister of
the Second Spanish
Republic
He was as Primer Minister
1936-1939
1936
1931–1933
He was the second
and last President of
the Republic
16. FRANCISCO LARGO
CABALLERO
(1869-1946)
EXILED
POLITICAL CAREER
President of the Council of Ministers of Spain
Minister of Labour and Social Welfare (Spain)
Minister of War (Spain)
President of PSOE
President of UGT
Deputy of General Courts (Barcelona)
Deputy of the National Consultative Assembly
Deputy of General Courts (Madrid)
“Después de algo más de un
kilómetro de marcha tuve que
detenerme. La caravana
continuó su marcha. Un SS de
los que vigilaban se quedó
conmigo. Intentó obligarme a
marchar a puntapiés y
puñetazos. Protesté
violentamente. Me dio no sé
cuántos culatazos con su fusil.
Caí al suelo. Mi verdugo se
enervaba cada vez más. Me
siguió pegando hasta que se
fatigó. Para acabar, intentó
persuadirme de que le siguiese
a un bosque de pinos que
estaba al borde la carretera.
17. DOLORES IBÁRRURI, 'LA
PASIONARIA'
(1895-1989)
EXILED
POLITICAL CAREER
General Secretary of PCE
17 March 1942-3 July 1960
President of PCE
3 July 1960-9 December 1989
Deputy of General Courts (Asturias)
26 February 1936-2 February 1939
Deputy of General Courts (Asturias)
13 July 1977-2 January 1979
Speech of the strike of Asturias, 1962
18. SEVERO OCHOA
(1905 – 1993)
EXILIED
It was Nobel Prize for Medicine
in 1959 for his research on the
synthesis of ribonucleic acid,
RNA.
The Spanish civil war and the difficult
postwar not facilitate scientific activity in
Spain so he eventually settling in New
York.
19. LUIS BUÑUEL
(1900 – 1983)
EXILIED
He was a film director, most of his work
was held in Mexico and France,
and is considered one
of the most important
and original directors
in the history of cinema.
Buñuel after the coup of Francoist state
remained faithful to the Second
Republic.
20. FRANCISCO AYALA
(1906 – 2009)
EXILIED
His first land of refuge was Argentina,
where he emigrated in 1939 with his
family.
In Buenos Aires participated in cultural
life as a teacher and translator, and
Ayala Seller founded with his brother.
“A life without literature is not a
human life”
(Francisco Ayala’s thoughts)
“Dog Kills “(1958)
“the bottom of
the glass” (1962).
22. MARIA ZAMBRANO
(1904-1991)
exilied She was an essayist
and a philosopher .
she could’t stand “The Black Spain”.
‘The human being has the capacity
to watch all around but the human
being is unable to look inside
himself’.
(Maria Zambrano’s thoughts)
The reason of her
exile was that:
23. MAX AUB
(1903-1972)
exilied
By 1940, the Franco regime had
come to consider him a serious
opponent, and in March 1940 he
was denounced as a militant
communist and a "German-Jew",
and therefore a possible spy or
traitor.
He was
imprisoned
for a year in
Camp Vernet.
“Campo de Almendros”
“Las buenas
intenciones”
24. ANTONIO MACHADO
(1875 –1939)
exilied .
He was a Spanish poet and
one of the leading figures of
the Spanish literary
movement known as the
Generation of '98.
Antonio Machado was a Republican.
“Con las primeras hojas de los chopos y
las últimas flores de los almendros, la
primavera traía a nuestra República de
la mano….”
The poet continues
to publish in “La
Vanguardia”.
25. ALTOLAGUIRRE
(1905 – 1959)
EXILIED He was a poet, writer
and filmmaker Spanish.
The family lived in Cuba
and Mexico.
His most important activity
in Mexico was the cinema.
During the Spanish Civil War,
Altolaguirre becomes a member of the
Alliance of Antifascist Intellectuals
26. EMILIO PRADOS
(1899 – 1962)
EXILIED He was a Spanish poet
and editor.
A member of the
Generation of '27.
He took refuge in
Mexico, where he
survived dedicated to
teaching.
27. Pedro Salinas
(1891 – 1951)
EXILIED
When the Spanish Civil War broke out
he was forced into exile .
It is part of the Generation of '27.
He worked as a
professor at
universities in
Wellesley,
Baltimore and
later at the
University of
Puerto Rico.
28. LUIS CERNUDA
(1902-1963)
exilied
In November 1952, he settled in Mexico
with his old friends Concha Méndez and
Altolaguire.
He died in Concha Méndez's house of a
heart attack on 5 November 1962.
29. RAFAEL ALBERTI Y
MºTERESA LEÓN
exilied
He was considered one of the greatest
literary figures of the so-called Silver
Age of Spanish.
His wife died on December 13, 1988
from Alzheimer’s disease. And he
died in October 28, 1999, Cádiz
30. JUAN RAMÓN JIMENEZ
(1881 -1958)
exilied
He published his first two
books at the age of eighteen,
in 1900.
Upon the outbreak of the
Spanish Civil War, he and
Zenobia went into exile in
Puerto Rico.
In 1956, he received the
Nobel Prize in Literature.
Platero y yo is one of the
most popular works.
31. RAMÓN J.SENDER
(1919 – 1926)
exilied
He took part in the Rif War
When the Spanish Civil War
began, Sender immediately
enlisted to help resist Franco.
His most famous works include
La tesis de Nancy, and Réquiem
por un campesino español.
32. MARUXA MALLO
(1902-1995)
exilied
It represents urban
entertainments and
sports, and also it
shows us the
dynamism of the
modern life
It becomes surrealistic
The lastes
works
Paintings
of the 30s
Paintings of
the 20s
It shows us the
influence of Magical
Realism
33. EXILIED She was a Spanish-Mexican, para-
surrealist painter and anarchist.
She was born in Girona. During the
Spanish Civil War she fled to Paris.
REMEDIOS VARO
(1908 – 1963)
She was forced
into exile from
Paris during the
German
occupation of
France and
moved to Mexico
City at the end of
1941
34. QUESTIONS
1. Which were the main destinations of the exiles?
Colombia, Venezuela, USSR, France, Africa, Mexico, Chile, Cuba, Santo
Domingo and Dominican Republic.
2. What happened when the Spaniards arrived to France?
They had to go to concentration camps when they arrived.
3. How many people went into exiled?
About 500.000 people.
4. Could you remember some works of Max Aub or Francisco Ayala?
Francisco Ayala: “Muerte de perros” and “El fondo del vaso”
Max Aub: “Campo de Almendros” and “Las buenas intenciones”
35. 5. Why the Catalonians went on strike?
Because of the rise of the prices.
6. Which political groups integrated the guerrilleros?
Socialist, Communist and Anarchist.
7.How died Salvador Puig Antich?
He died in the Garrote Vil.
36. 8. Who is the painter?
- Maruxa Mayo
- Maruxa Mallo
- Maruxa Abril
9. Which the followings
people didn’t go into exile:
-Antonio Machado
- Picasso
- Mola
- Manuel Azaña
-Ángeles Santos
10. In which academic circles belongs the
following characters:
- Gaya Nuño -->
Writer
- Zambrano -->
Essayist and philosopher
- Luis Buñuel -->
Film director
- Indalecio Prieto -->
Politic
