Malaysia Chinese Independent School Senior 1 Biology (English)

1. A plant cell. An animal cell.
Dividing bacteria (Gram+). An archaeon.

2. Objectives
• Differentiate eukaryotes and prokaryotes

3. 2.1 Types of cells

4. Type of cells
• Cells have great diversity – in shape, size, function etc.
• Categorized by the presence or absence of the nucleus 细胞核
• The nucleus, located in the cytoplasm 细胞质, is enclosed by a
nucleus envelope and contains, and protects, most of the cell's DNA.
No nucleus With nucleus
原核细胞 真核细胞

5. Prokaryotic cells a.k.a prokaryotes
• Greek πρό (pro) "before" and
καρυόν (karyon) “nut or kernel”.
• Cells without a nucleus.
• Most early diverging lineage of
life
• The oldest known fossilized
prokaryotes were ~ 3.5 bya, only
about 1 billion years after the
formation of the Earth's crust.
• Examples: bacteria (sg.
bacterium) and archaea (sg.
archaeon)
The most common shapes of prokaryotes.

6. Eukaryotic cells a.k.a eukaryotes
• Greek εὖ (eu, "well" or "true") and
κάρυον (karyon, "nut" or "kernel").
• Contain nucleus and other
membrane-bound organelles 細胞
器
• Fossil evidence from at least 1.65
bya
• Example: protists, fungi, animals,
plants
Isotricha intestinalis, protozoa
in rumen.Eukaryotes and some examples of their diversity.

7. Similarity
• Plasma membrane
• Chromosome
• Cytosol 细胞质基质
(fluid part of the
cytoplasm)
• Ribosome 核糖体

8. Differences
Prokaryote Eukaryote
Cells are smaller in size, about 1/100 of
eukaryote (0.5-10µm)
Cells are bigger (10-100µm)
Do not contain nucleus membrane and
nucleolus 核仁
Nucleus has nucleus membrane and
nucleolus
Genetic materials are simple DNA, do not
combine with protein to form chromosome
DNA twines with protein to form
chromosome
Without organelles With membrane-bounded organelles
Smaller ribosome Bigger ribosome
Cell walls are made up with polysaccharide
called murein (or peptidoglycan).
Green plants cell walls are primary formed
by cellulose and polysaccharide. Fungi cell
walls are formed by chitin and other
polysaccharides.

9. Quiz
• Which of the following is a TRUE statement about the differences
between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
a. Eukaryotic cells contain a plasma membrane and cytoplasm, but
prokaryotic cells do not.
b. Prokaryotic cells contain a nucleus and eukaryotic cells do not.
c. Prokaryotic cells lack organelles, but eukaryotic cells possess
organelles.

10. The Three Domains
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

11. Conclusion
• Prokaryotes do not have nucleus while eukaryotes have nucleus and
other membrane-bound organelles.