This presentation describes the concept of learning and its nature

1. What is Learning?
Learning is the key process in human behaviour
Learning is the process by which an individual acquires knowledge,
attitudes and skills that are necessary to meet the demands of life
Learning is defined as “any relatively permanent change in behaviour
that occurs as a result of practice and experience”.
Learning can result from both vicarious and direct experiences

2. Definitions of Learning
Henry P. Smith: “Learning is the acquisition of new behaviour or the
strengthening or weakening of old behaviour as the result of
experience.”
Hilgard and Atkinson (1975) Learning is a relatively permanent change
in behavior that occurs as a result of practice.
Baron (1995) Any relatively permanent change in behaviour potential
resulting from experience is called learning.

3. Nature of learning
o Learning is Universal
o Learning is through Experience
o Learning is from all Sides
o Learning is Continuous
o It results in change in behaviour

4. Nature of learning
o Learning is an Adjustment
o It comes about as a result of practice
o Learning is a relatively permanent change
o Learning is never ending growth and development
o Learning is not directly observable

5. Basic Principles of Learning and
their implications
1. Learning is a process of actively constructing knowledge.
2. Learners construct knowledge and make it meaningful in
terms of their prior knowledge and experiences.
3. Learning is enhanced when it takes place in a social and
collaborative environment.

6. Basic Principles of Learning and
their implications
1. Students need to continue to view learning as an integrated
whole.
2. Learners must see themselves as capable and successful.
3. Learners have different ways of knowing and representing
knowledge.
4. Reflection is an integral part of learning.

7. Active Learning
 A process in which, Students and their learning needs are at the
centre.
 "Active learning" means students engage with the learning
material, participate in the class, and collaborate with each other.
 Active learning focuses on how students learn, not just on what
they learn.
 Students are encouraged to ‘think hard’, rather than passively
receive information from the teacher.

8. Active Learning
 The aim of active learning is to provide opportunities for learners
to think critically about content through a range of activities that
help prepare learners for the challenges of professional situations.
 Active learning can essentially be defined as “students doing
things and thinking about what they are doing” (Bonwell and
Eison, 1991)
 Use teaching strategies to actively engage students in the learning
process
 The benefits active learning techniques are many

9. Principles of Active Learning
 Learning involves the active construction of meaning by the learner
 Learning facts and learning to do something are two different processes
 In active learning things that are learned are more readily transferred to other
domains
 Individuals are likely to learn more when they learn with others than when they
learn alone
 Meaningful learning is facilitated by clear explanations, whether to one’s self,
peers, or teachers

10. Techniques of Active Learning
Just-in-Time Teaching
Listening Teams
Class discussion
Think-Pair-Share Activity
Team Quizzes
Structured sharing
Student debate
Reaction to a video
Class game
Learning by Teaching

11. Self Learning
Self-Learning method is an individualized method of learning
It involves studying without direct supervision or attendance in a
classroom
This type of teaching-learning-evaluation all happens without face-to-face
interaction
There is no fixed time and no fixed number of classes
In self- learning individuals take the initiative, with or without the
assistance of others

12. Four stages to self-learning
1. Being ready to learn
2. Setting learning goals
3. Engaging in the learning process
o Deep approach
o Surface approach
o Strategic approach
4. Evaluating learning students