English 9 Slide deck for elements of poetry

1. COMPARING AND
CONTRASTING POETRY
AND PROSE
ELEMENTS

2. DEATH, BE NOT PROUD
Death, be not proud, though some have called thee
Mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so;
For those whom thou think'st thou dost overthrow
Die not, poor Death, nor yet canst thou kill me.
From rest and sleep, which but thy pictures be,
Much pleasure; then from thee much more must flow,
And soonest our best men with thee do go,
Rest of their bones, and soul's delivery.
Thou art slave to fate, chance, kings, and desperate
men,
And dost with poison, war, and sickness dwell,
And poppy or charms can make us sleep as well
And better than thy stroke; why swell'st thou then?
One short sleep past, we wake eternally
And death shall be no more; Death, thou shalt die.

3. 1.What is the rhyme scheme of the poem?
2. Describe other elements that appear in
the poem. Images and imagery
3. Sound (rhythm, repetition, etc.)
4. Meaning (symbols, etc.)
5. What is the message of the poem?

4. What is Poetry?
◦The writings of the poet.
◦poems

5. ELEMENTS OF THE POETRY
When you read a poem, pay attention to some basic ideas:
◦ Voice (Who the speaking persona? How is he/she speaking?)
◦ Stanzas (how lines are grouped)
◦ Sound (includes rhyme, but also many other patterns)
◦ Rhythm (the kind of "beat" or meter the poem has)
◦ Figures of speech (many poems are full of metaphors and other
figurative language)
◦ Form (there are standard types of poem)

6. VOICE
Voice is a word people use to talk about the way poems "talk" to
the reader.
Lyric poems and narrative poems are the ones you will see most.
1. LYRIC POEMS express the feelings of the writer.
2. A NARRATIVE POEM tells a story.

7. STANZA
A stanza is a group within a poem which may have two or more
lines. They are like paragraphs.
Some poems are made of REALLY short stanzas, called couplets--
two lines that rhyme, one after the other, usually equal in length.

8. SOUND
One of the most important things poems do is play with sound.
That doesn't just mean rhyme. It means many other things. The
earliest poems were memorized and recited, not written down, so
sound is very important in poetry.

9. RHYME
Rhyme - Rhyme means sounds that agree.
"Rhyme" usually means end rhymes (words at the end of a line).
They give balance and please the ear.
Sometimes rhymes are exact.
Other times they are just similar. Both are okay.

10. RHYTHM
When you speak, you don't say everything in a steady tone like a
hum--you'd sound funny. Instead, you stress parts of words. You
say different parts of words with different volume, and your voice
rises and falls as if you were singing a song.

11. FIGURES OF SPEECH
Figures of speech are also called figurative language. The most
well-known figures of speech are are simile, metaphor, and
personification. They are used to help with the task of "telling, not
showing."
Simile - a comparison of one thing to another, using the words
"like," "as," or "as though."
Metaphor - comparing one thing to another by saying that one
thing is another thing. Metaphors are stronger than similes, but
they are more difficult to see.
Personification - speaking as if something were human when it's
not

12. What is Prose?
◦Writing that is not poetry.
◦Ordinary Writing

13. ELEMENTS OF THE PROSE:
Unlike poetry, prose does not fall into neatly defined forms such as
sonnets, blank verse, etc. We must therefore look at the 'type' of
prose and consider its function or objective — i.e. to inform, to
describe, to change, etc. Assessing the type of prose serves a
limited, yet useful purpose; limited because many passages will
combine different 'types' of prose writing simultaneously, yet useful
in providing a starting-point that will direct the more detailed
analysis to follow. The different types of prose fall into the following
broad categories.

14. TYPES OF PROSE:
NARRATIVE This is the most common type of prose found in
novels and stories.
Basically it relates to any sort of writing that tells a story, or
develops a plot.
1. to give the reader all the necessary and relevant information so
that characters and events in his narrative are explained, or
make sense;
2. 2. to promote and sustain the reader's interest and curiosity,
offering the interesting, the unusual, or the intriguing in
character and situation.

15. TYPES OF PROSE:
DESCRIPTIVE
Here the main function, obviously, is to describe, to give as
accurately, or intriguingly, or powerfully as possible a deep
impression of a character, place, or situation.
Readers should feel the scene and be able to see it or hear it as
vividly as possible through the use of SENSORY IMAGES.

16. TYPES OF PROSE:
DISCURSIVE
Discursive writing offers the writer's thoughts on a particular topic
such as 'the delights of living in the country', or 'the tribulations of
urban life', providing general observations from his own and
perhaps humorous or unusual, perspective.
Discursive has connotations of random observations and light
conversation.

17. TYPES OF PROSE:
DIDACTIC/DIRECTIVE
Such writing attempts to influence the reader's thinking or behavior
in a specific manner, as the writer seeks to persuade, or cajole, or
coerce the reader into thinking in a certain way.
Generally, such writing deals with moral or political issues and is
most commonly found in the sermon, treatise, journalism, or, at its
lowest form, propaganda.

18. ACTIVITY: