The document defines electronic business (e-business) and e-commerce, and distinguishes between the two terms. E-business refers more broadly to the strategic use of electronic capabilities across a business's functions and value chain, while e-commerce is a subset focusing on online transactions. Effective e-business allows companies to link internal and external systems more efficiently to better satisfy customers and collaborate with partners. While e-commerce involves monetary transactions online, e-business does not necessarily require money exchanges.
E-business involves conducting business operations over the internet through activities like online shopping, sales, and customer support. It originated in the 1950s with computers processing internal transactions, and expanded in the 1970s with electronic data interchange between banks. E-business offers advantages over traditional business like reduced errors, lower costs, and faster processing times. Key areas of e-business include banking, healthcare, retail, and tourism. It requires tools like websites, payment systems, and security to function.
E-business refers to conducting business operations over the Internet. It involves using Internet technologies internally and externally to facilitate day-to-day business processes. There are different types of e-business including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumers (B2C), consumers-to-consumers (C2C), and business-to-administration (B2A). E-business allows companies to reduce costs, improve customer service, and increase communication and sales. However, it also faces disadvantages such as less security, less privacy for customer data, and the inability to physically examine products before purchasing.
The document discusses e-business models and the different areas companies conduct business online. It describes the four main areas as direct marketing/selling/services, financial/information services, maintenance/repair/operations, and intermediaries. The two main types of e-business relationships are business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C). B2B includes e-procurement and exchanges, while B2C includes e-tailing, online services, and consumer demographics. The document also covers challenges of e-business and future trends such as e-channels, e-portals, and e-government models like consumer-to-government.
The document discusses the benefits of electronic business (e-business) and information technology. It defines e-business and e-commerce, outlines the objectives of an e-business course, and describes various types and applications of e-business including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and inter-organizational systems. It also summarizes the benefits of e-business for organizations, consumers, and society such as reduced costs, increased market reach, improved customer service, and more choices for consumers.
The document discusses different models of e-business and e-commerce. It describes the four main models as:
1) Business-to-Business (B2B), which involves transactions between businesses, like manufacturers selling to distributors.
2) Business-to-Consumer (B2C), where businesses sell products and services directly to consumers through online stores and catalogs.
3) Consumer-to-Business (C2B), the opposite of B2C where individuals sell products and services to businesses, like freelancers finding projects on platforms.
4) Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C), person-to-person transactions like individuals selling items to each other on auction sites like eBay.
This document discusses e-commerce and e-business. E-commerce refers to buying and selling online, while e-business is a broader concept that also includes customer service, partnerships, and internal organization functions. There are different types of e-commerce such as business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer. E-commerce provides benefits to organizations, customers, and society as a whole such as access to wider markets, lower costs, and increased standard of living. However, it also faces limitations such as security and privacy issues. The document outlines the consumer decision process and different advertising and shopping methods used in e-commerce.
This document discusses the key factors affecting the growth and development of e-commerce. It identifies political, economic, social and technological factors as the main influencers. Political factors include government legislation and initiatives to support e-commerce. Economic factors incorporate the overall wealth and commercial health of a nation. Social factors involve things like education, income levels and lifestyle changes. Technological development, especially in information and communication technologies, is also a primary driver by making transactions more efficient.
E-commerce is an facility for each and every user buying and selling product through the internet. By using E-commerce we can manage everything in our time. Every person/user can handle different transaction like E-payment-billing, Mobile banking, Net banking-learning, E-insurance, etc. In india E-commerce technology is increased because of wide range of products and minimum price wide range of suppliers and customers internet. Electronic Commerce is enabling the customer to have an increasing say in what products are made, how products are made and how services are delivered. Through the E-commerce we can achieve greater economic efficiency (lower cost) and more rapid exchange (high speed, accelerated, or real-time interaction.This paper gives an overview of the future of ECommerce and discusses the scope,challenges,Types of E-commerce,Uses ,Advantages and disadvantages of E-Commerce. Also use of EDI.We also find out to help future growth of Indian e-commerce. This paper also represent evaluation of internet users. Ashwini Jagdale | Rupnawar Ashwini"Challenges of E-commerce " Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2260.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/2260/challenges-of-e-commerce-/ashwini-jagdale
E-business involves conducting business operations over the internet through activities like online shopping, sales, and customer support. It originated in the 1950s with computers processing internal transactions, and expanded in the 1970s with electronic data interchange between banks. E-business offers advantages over traditional business like reduced errors, lower costs, and faster processing times. Key areas of e-business include banking, healthcare, retail, and tourism. It requires tools like websites, payment systems, and security to function.
E-business refers to conducting business operations over the Internet. It involves using Internet technologies internally and externally to facilitate day-to-day business processes. There are different types of e-business including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumers (B2C), consumers-to-consumers (C2C), and business-to-administration (B2A). E-business allows companies to reduce costs, improve customer service, and increase communication and sales. However, it also faces disadvantages such as less security, less privacy for customer data, and the inability to physically examine products before purchasing.
The document discusses e-business models and the different areas companies conduct business online. It describes the four main areas as direct marketing/selling/services, financial/information services, maintenance/repair/operations, and intermediaries. The two main types of e-business relationships are business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C). B2B includes e-procurement and exchanges, while B2C includes e-tailing, online services, and consumer demographics. The document also covers challenges of e-business and future trends such as e-channels, e-portals, and e-government models like consumer-to-government.
The document discusses the benefits of electronic business (e-business) and information technology. It defines e-business and e-commerce, outlines the objectives of an e-business course, and describes various types and applications of e-business including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and inter-organizational systems. It also summarizes the benefits of e-business for organizations, consumers, and society such as reduced costs, increased market reach, improved customer service, and more choices for consumers.
The document discusses different models of e-business and e-commerce. It describes the four main models as:
1) Business-to-Business (B2B), which involves transactions between businesses, like manufacturers selling to distributors.
2) Business-to-Consumer (B2C), where businesses sell products and services directly to consumers through online stores and catalogs.
3) Consumer-to-Business (C2B), the opposite of B2C where individuals sell products and services to businesses, like freelancers finding projects on platforms.
4) Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C), person-to-person transactions like individuals selling items to each other on auction sites like eBay.
This document discusses e-commerce and e-business. E-commerce refers to buying and selling online, while e-business is a broader concept that also includes customer service, partnerships, and internal organization functions. There are different types of e-commerce such as business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer. E-commerce provides benefits to organizations, customers, and society as a whole such as access to wider markets, lower costs, and increased standard of living. However, it also faces limitations such as security and privacy issues. The document outlines the consumer decision process and different advertising and shopping methods used in e-commerce.
This document discusses the key factors affecting the growth and development of e-commerce. It identifies political, economic, social and technological factors as the main influencers. Political factors include government legislation and initiatives to support e-commerce. Economic factors incorporate the overall wealth and commercial health of a nation. Social factors involve things like education, income levels and lifestyle changes. Technological development, especially in information and communication technologies, is also a primary driver by making transactions more efficient.
E-commerce is an facility for each and every user buying and selling product through the internet. By using E-commerce we can manage everything in our time. Every person/user can handle different transaction like E-payment-billing, Mobile banking, Net banking-learning, E-insurance, etc. In india E-commerce technology is increased because of wide range of products and minimum price wide range of suppliers and customers internet. Electronic Commerce is enabling the customer to have an increasing say in what products are made, how products are made and how services are delivered. Through the E-commerce we can achieve greater economic efficiency (lower cost) and more rapid exchange (high speed, accelerated, or real-time interaction.This paper gives an overview of the future of ECommerce and discusses the scope,challenges,Types of E-commerce,Uses ,Advantages and disadvantages of E-Commerce. Also use of EDI.We also find out to help future growth of Indian e-commerce. This paper also represent evaluation of internet users. Ashwini Jagdale | Rupnawar Ashwini"Challenges of E-commerce " Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2260.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/2260/challenges-of-e-commerce-/ashwini-jagdale
The document discusses e-business and its importance. It defines e-business as using technology, particularly the internet, to facilitate buying, selling, and exchanging of products and services. It provides examples of e-business like online shopping on Amazon and travel bookings. The document outlines benefits of e-business such as lower costs, improved productivity and customer service, and extended reach. It concludes that e-business has become essential for businesses due to readily available internet solutions and its demonstrated benefits.
E-business refers to conducting business electronically by connecting customers, suppliers, employees, and partners through online transactions and collaborations. E-business has evolved from early electronic data interchange between large companies in the 1970s to widespread e-commerce and online shopping between businesses and consumers today, totaling trillions of dollars annually. E-business offers benefits like global reach, reduced costs, convenience and increased productivity and efficiency. However, e-business also faces challenges around privacy, security, and internet fraud.
E-commerce refers to the sale of goods or products through online stores. It includes various business models like business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer. E-commerce provides benefits like global reach, cost reduction, and improved customer relations. However, it also faces limitations such as security, trust, legal issues, and lack of qualified personnel.
E-business vs. e-commerce. E-commerce and e-business are similar, with e-commerce referring to buying and selling products online. However, e-business defines a wider range of business processes by including aspects such as supply chain management (SCM), electronic order processing and customer relationship management (CRM) designed to help the company operate more effectively and efficiently.
business research topics for mba
mba topics for presentation
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dissertation topics for mba
mba finance research topics
mba topics on strategic management
thesis topic for mba
e business information
e business pdf
e business definition
ericsson e business
list of e businesses
e business sv
tetra pak e business portal
e business examples
E-commerce refers to business transactions conducted electronically over the internet. It has evolved from early internet commerce to today's online transactions between businesses (B2B), businesses and consumers (B2C), consumers and businesses (C2B), and consumers and other consumers (C2C). The document outlines the key categories of e-commerce and provides examples like Amazon, Flipkart, eBay. It also discusses the success of Indian e-commerce companies like Paytm, Zomato, Ola and compares traditional commerce with e-commerce.
The document provides an overview of e-commerce, including definitions and explanations of key terms. It discusses traditional commerce and how e-commerce differs, focusing on how electronic networks like the internet enable firms and individuals to conduct business. The document also outlines several e-commerce models (B2B, B2C, etc.), advantages and disadvantages, and how e-commerce has impacted organizational structures and human resource management practices through digital transformation.
This document discusses various electronic payment systems for e-commerce. It begins by defining e-payment as any digital financial transaction involving currency transfer between parties. It then outlines several modes of e-payment including payment cards, electronic cash, check free, check share, electronic wallets, and smart cards. For each method, it provides a brief introduction and overview of advantages and disadvantages. The document primarily focuses on explaining how payment cards, electronic cash, check free, electronic wallets, and smart cards work as options for electronic payments.
Electronic business, or e-business, refers to the application of information technologies to support business processes across the entire value chain. This includes electronic purchasing, processing orders, customer service, and business partnerships. Special technical standards facilitate exchange of data between companies. Common e-business models include e-shops, e-commerce sites, e-procurement, e-malls, and others. E-business can be classified based on who is providing and consuming, such as business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and others. Key security concerns for e-business include privacy, authenticity, data integrity, and access control. Common security measures involve physical security, data storage, transmission protection, and system administration.
This document summarizes e-commerce and compares it to traditional commerce. It defines e-commerce as buying and selling goods and services over the Internet. The key differences between e-commerce and traditional commerce are that e-commerce uses automated processing over computer networks while traditional commerce relies on in-person or telephone interactions. E-commerce provides advantages for businesses like reduced costs and inventory, as well as advantages for customers like wider product selection and faster delivery. However, e-commerce also faces technical disadvantages regarding system security and reliability as well as non-technical issues like user resistance and privacy concerns. Traditional commerce has advantages like allowing customers to physically examine products but disadvantages like requiring travel and limited business hours.
E-commerce is becoming increasingly important in our daily lives. It provides many advantages over traditional commerce, including a wider variety of products, lower costs for both consumers and businesses, and more flexibility and convenience. E-commerce is driving economic growth by creating employment opportunities, enhancing products and services, and speeding up development especially in rural areas. As more people and businesses engage in e-commerce, it will continue to transform commerce worldwide and bring greater prosperity.
This document provides an overview of e-commerce. It defines e-commerce as the process of buying and selling goods and services online. The main categories of e-commerce are business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer, government-to-business, and mobile commerce. A brief history of e-commerce is given starting from the 1970s. Advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce for both customers and businesses are outlined. The document concludes that e-commerce has led to more competition, marketplaces and transactions through use of the internet.
E-commerce involves buying and selling of goods and services over electronic systems like the Internet. The document discusses the process of e-commerce, which includes a consumer browsing a merchant's website, selecting items to purchase, providing address details, receiving an order confirmation, and the merchant forwarding the order for payment processing and fulfillment. It also covers different types of e-commerce like B2B, B2C, C2C and their examples. Advantages include lower costs, improved access, and around-the-clock shopping for consumers.
E commerce advantages,disadvantages,E-r diag,process flowHarsh Panchal
E-commerce involves the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. It provides several advantages over traditional commerce like lower costs, 24/7 access, and a larger customer base. Popular examples of e-commerce include business-to-business sites like Intel selling to Asus, business-to-consumer retailers like Flipkart in India, and consumer-to-consumer sites like eBay. While e-commerce provides many benefits, it also faces disadvantages such as security risks, inability to examine products physically, and delays in receiving goods.
The document discusses e-commerce and various types of online businesses. It defines e-commerce as the buying and selling of products and services electronically. It describes business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and intra-organizational e-commerce. It also discusses several types of online businesses like retail, banking, travel, career services, real estate, and insurance and how they have benefited from e-commerce.
Electronic payment systems allow customers to make online payments for purchases. There are various types of electronic payment methods, including e-wallets, e-cash, smart cards, and credit cards. E-cash works like real currency with unique serial numbers, while e-wallets store payment information like credit cards. Smart cards can be used for applications such as travel tickets and medical records. Credit cards involve repaying spent amounts later. Payment gateways protect sensitive credit card details during transactions between customers, merchants and payment processors. Electronic payment is growing in India due to technology changes, internet access, and encouragement by the Reserve Bank of India.
Commerce is the exchange of goods and services, and e-commerce refers specifically to electronic commerce over the internet. The history of e-commerce began in the 1960s with businesses sharing documents electronically, growing in the 1980s-90s with the rise of eBay and Amazon allowing consumers to shop online. There are various types of e-commerce relationships including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and consumer-to-consumer. The e-commerce process involves a consumer browsing a merchant's website, adding items to a shopping cart, providing payment and shipping details, receiving order confirmation, and having the order fulfilled.
E-commerce has gone through two eras since 1995, with the first from 1995-2000 seeing explosive growth in advertising products online, and the second from 2001-2006 involving a reassessment of e-commerce companies. There are several types of e-commerce models, including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), peer-to-peer (P2P), and mobile commerce (M-commerce). E-commerce provides benefits like low entry costs, reduced transaction costs, and access to global markets, but also disadvantages such as the inability to examine products personally and security risks.
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. It began in the 1970s with businesses using technologies like EDI to facilitate electronic transactions. It grew in the 1980s-90s with the commercialization of the internet and rise of dot-com companies. Traditional commerce involves selling products and services within an industry or geographical area through direct interaction. While traditional commerce allows for face-to-face interaction, e-commerce provides lower costs, a global reach, and instant delivery for consumers. Both methods have benefits and challenges related to areas like fraud, communication, payment options, and marketing.
The document provides an introduction to electronic commerce (e-commerce) presented by Khalid Khan from the Department of Computer Science at the University of Peshawar. It defines e-commerce and its differences from e-business. The history and types of e-commerce are discussed. The document outlines the key components of a successful e-commerce transaction loop and forces fueling the growth of e-commerce such as economic, market, and technology forces. Students are instructed to study relevant books and online materials on e-commerce and e-business.
The document discusses electronic commerce and digital organizations. It begins by defining electronic commerce as the selling and transfer process that requires several institutions and establishes interconnections between producers and consumers directly through the internet. It then discusses different definitions of electronic commerce. It also discusses how digital technologies are impacting design practices and the effective management of design processes. The document outlines different internet-based business models like B2B, B2C, C2B, and C2C. Finally, it discusses intranets and their applications in finance, human resources, sales and marketing, and manufacturing for electronic business.
The document discusses various aspects of eBusiness including:
- The internet connects computer networks globally through TCP/IP protocols. It carries a wide range of information and services.
- EBusiness models have evolved from early websites providing basic company information to now enabling online sales, digital product downloads, and virtual business processes.
- EBusiness provides advantages to both sellers like increased sales and buyers like convenience but also faces challenges like lack of customer verification and system integration.
The document discusses e-business and its importance. It defines e-business as using technology, particularly the internet, to facilitate buying, selling, and exchanging of products and services. It provides examples of e-business like online shopping on Amazon and travel bookings. The document outlines benefits of e-business such as lower costs, improved productivity and customer service, and extended reach. It concludes that e-business has become essential for businesses due to readily available internet solutions and its demonstrated benefits.
E-business refers to conducting business electronically by connecting customers, suppliers, employees, and partners through online transactions and collaborations. E-business has evolved from early electronic data interchange between large companies in the 1970s to widespread e-commerce and online shopping between businesses and consumers today, totaling trillions of dollars annually. E-business offers benefits like global reach, reduced costs, convenience and increased productivity and efficiency. However, e-business also faces challenges around privacy, security, and internet fraud.
E-commerce refers to the sale of goods or products through online stores. It includes various business models like business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer. E-commerce provides benefits like global reach, cost reduction, and improved customer relations. However, it also faces limitations such as security, trust, legal issues, and lack of qualified personnel.
E-business vs. e-commerce. E-commerce and e-business are similar, with e-commerce referring to buying and selling products online. However, e-business defines a wider range of business processes by including aspects such as supply chain management (SCM), electronic order processing and customer relationship management (CRM) designed to help the company operate more effectively and efficiently.
business research topics for mba
mba topics for presentation
mba project topics
mba research topics in management
dissertation topics for mba
mba finance research topics
mba topics on strategic management
thesis topic for mba
e business information
e business pdf
e business definition
ericsson e business
list of e businesses
e business sv
tetra pak e business portal
e business examples
E-commerce refers to business transactions conducted electronically over the internet. It has evolved from early internet commerce to today's online transactions between businesses (B2B), businesses and consumers (B2C), consumers and businesses (C2B), and consumers and other consumers (C2C). The document outlines the key categories of e-commerce and provides examples like Amazon, Flipkart, eBay. It also discusses the success of Indian e-commerce companies like Paytm, Zomato, Ola and compares traditional commerce with e-commerce.
The document provides an overview of e-commerce, including definitions and explanations of key terms. It discusses traditional commerce and how e-commerce differs, focusing on how electronic networks like the internet enable firms and individuals to conduct business. The document also outlines several e-commerce models (B2B, B2C, etc.), advantages and disadvantages, and how e-commerce has impacted organizational structures and human resource management practices through digital transformation.
This document discusses various electronic payment systems for e-commerce. It begins by defining e-payment as any digital financial transaction involving currency transfer between parties. It then outlines several modes of e-payment including payment cards, electronic cash, check free, check share, electronic wallets, and smart cards. For each method, it provides a brief introduction and overview of advantages and disadvantages. The document primarily focuses on explaining how payment cards, electronic cash, check free, electronic wallets, and smart cards work as options for electronic payments.
Electronic business, or e-business, refers to the application of information technologies to support business processes across the entire value chain. This includes electronic purchasing, processing orders, customer service, and business partnerships. Special technical standards facilitate exchange of data between companies. Common e-business models include e-shops, e-commerce sites, e-procurement, e-malls, and others. E-business can be classified based on who is providing and consuming, such as business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and others. Key security concerns for e-business include privacy, authenticity, data integrity, and access control. Common security measures involve physical security, data storage, transmission protection, and system administration.
This document summarizes e-commerce and compares it to traditional commerce. It defines e-commerce as buying and selling goods and services over the Internet. The key differences between e-commerce and traditional commerce are that e-commerce uses automated processing over computer networks while traditional commerce relies on in-person or telephone interactions. E-commerce provides advantages for businesses like reduced costs and inventory, as well as advantages for customers like wider product selection and faster delivery. However, e-commerce also faces technical disadvantages regarding system security and reliability as well as non-technical issues like user resistance and privacy concerns. Traditional commerce has advantages like allowing customers to physically examine products but disadvantages like requiring travel and limited business hours.
E-commerce is becoming increasingly important in our daily lives. It provides many advantages over traditional commerce, including a wider variety of products, lower costs for both consumers and businesses, and more flexibility and convenience. E-commerce is driving economic growth by creating employment opportunities, enhancing products and services, and speeding up development especially in rural areas. As more people and businesses engage in e-commerce, it will continue to transform commerce worldwide and bring greater prosperity.
This document provides an overview of e-commerce. It defines e-commerce as the process of buying and selling goods and services online. The main categories of e-commerce are business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer, government-to-business, and mobile commerce. A brief history of e-commerce is given starting from the 1970s. Advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce for both customers and businesses are outlined. The document concludes that e-commerce has led to more competition, marketplaces and transactions through use of the internet.
E-commerce involves buying and selling of goods and services over electronic systems like the Internet. The document discusses the process of e-commerce, which includes a consumer browsing a merchant's website, selecting items to purchase, providing address details, receiving an order confirmation, and the merchant forwarding the order for payment processing and fulfillment. It also covers different types of e-commerce like B2B, B2C, C2C and their examples. Advantages include lower costs, improved access, and around-the-clock shopping for consumers.
E commerce advantages,disadvantages,E-r diag,process flowHarsh Panchal
E-commerce involves the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. It provides several advantages over traditional commerce like lower costs, 24/7 access, and a larger customer base. Popular examples of e-commerce include business-to-business sites like Intel selling to Asus, business-to-consumer retailers like Flipkart in India, and consumer-to-consumer sites like eBay. While e-commerce provides many benefits, it also faces disadvantages such as security risks, inability to examine products physically, and delays in receiving goods.
The document discusses e-commerce and various types of online businesses. It defines e-commerce as the buying and selling of products and services electronically. It describes business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and intra-organizational e-commerce. It also discusses several types of online businesses like retail, banking, travel, career services, real estate, and insurance and how they have benefited from e-commerce.
Electronic payment systems allow customers to make online payments for purchases. There are various types of electronic payment methods, including e-wallets, e-cash, smart cards, and credit cards. E-cash works like real currency with unique serial numbers, while e-wallets store payment information like credit cards. Smart cards can be used for applications such as travel tickets and medical records. Credit cards involve repaying spent amounts later. Payment gateways protect sensitive credit card details during transactions between customers, merchants and payment processors. Electronic payment is growing in India due to technology changes, internet access, and encouragement by the Reserve Bank of India.
Commerce is the exchange of goods and services, and e-commerce refers specifically to electronic commerce over the internet. The history of e-commerce began in the 1960s with businesses sharing documents electronically, growing in the 1980s-90s with the rise of eBay and Amazon allowing consumers to shop online. There are various types of e-commerce relationships including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and consumer-to-consumer. The e-commerce process involves a consumer browsing a merchant's website, adding items to a shopping cart, providing payment and shipping details, receiving order confirmation, and having the order fulfilled.
E-commerce has gone through two eras since 1995, with the first from 1995-2000 seeing explosive growth in advertising products online, and the second from 2001-2006 involving a reassessment of e-commerce companies. There are several types of e-commerce models, including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), peer-to-peer (P2P), and mobile commerce (M-commerce). E-commerce provides benefits like low entry costs, reduced transaction costs, and access to global markets, but also disadvantages such as the inability to examine products personally and security risks.
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. It began in the 1970s with businesses using technologies like EDI to facilitate electronic transactions. It grew in the 1980s-90s with the commercialization of the internet and rise of dot-com companies. Traditional commerce involves selling products and services within an industry or geographical area through direct interaction. While traditional commerce allows for face-to-face interaction, e-commerce provides lower costs, a global reach, and instant delivery for consumers. Both methods have benefits and challenges related to areas like fraud, communication, payment options, and marketing.
The document provides an introduction to electronic commerce (e-commerce) presented by Khalid Khan from the Department of Computer Science at the University of Peshawar. It defines e-commerce and its differences from e-business. The history and types of e-commerce are discussed. The document outlines the key components of a successful e-commerce transaction loop and forces fueling the growth of e-commerce such as economic, market, and technology forces. Students are instructed to study relevant books and online materials on e-commerce and e-business.
The document discusses electronic commerce and digital organizations. It begins by defining electronic commerce as the selling and transfer process that requires several institutions and establishes interconnections between producers and consumers directly through the internet. It then discusses different definitions of electronic commerce. It also discusses how digital technologies are impacting design practices and the effective management of design processes. The document outlines different internet-based business models like B2B, B2C, C2B, and C2C. Finally, it discusses intranets and their applications in finance, human resources, sales and marketing, and manufacturing for electronic business.
The document discusses various aspects of eBusiness including:
- The internet connects computer networks globally through TCP/IP protocols. It carries a wide range of information and services.
- EBusiness models have evolved from early websites providing basic company information to now enabling online sales, digital product downloads, and virtual business processes.
- EBusiness provides advantages to both sellers like increased sales and buyers like convenience but also faces challenges like lack of customer verification and system integration.
E commerce developing global performanceRakibul Hasan
Electronic commerce is a set of technologies, applications, and business processes that link business, consumers, and communities for buying, selling, and delivering products and services and for integrating and optimizing processes within and between participant entities.
The document discusses e-business and e-commerce. It defines e-commerce as buying and selling over computer networks, while e-business refers more broadly to servicing customers, collaborating with partners, and processing transactions electronically. The document outlines types of e-commerce like B2B, B2C, and C2C and discusses developing a web store, managing transactions securely, and integrating e-commerce with other business systems.
The document discusses key concepts related to e-marketing. It defines the Internet as the physical network that links computers globally, consisting of network servers and communication links. Wireless communications refer to electronic transactions using mobile devices. A browser is software used to locate and display web content. A domain name uniquely identifies a website. A URL is a reference to an Internet resource. A web server delivers web pages. Cookies store user information to personalize web pages. Clickstreams record user web interactions. Blogs are websites with chronological posts. E-marketing differs from traditional marketing in its lower costs, trackable results, global reach, and ability to personalize and engage customers 24/7 across multiple devices. E-commerce involves electronic exchanges
The document discusses the different types of e-commerce:
- B2B (Business to Business) involves transactions between companies. It makes up 94% of e-commerce transactions.
- B2C (Business to Consumer) involves companies selling products and services to consumers online.
- C2C (Consumer to Consumer) involves individuals selling goods and services to each other through online marketplaces like eBay.
- M-Commerce (Mobile Commerce) involves e-commerce transactions made on mobile devices like smartphones. It is growing rapidly as mobile technology advances.
This document discusses e-commerce and related topics. It begins by defining commerce and e-commerce, noting that e-commerce refers to online business transactions using electronic communications. It then covers advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce, different e-commerce models including B2B, B2C, B2G and C2C, examples of each, and mobile commerce. The document also discusses e-commerce management topics such as business plans, taxes, and forms of business entities.
This document discusses e-commerce (electronic commerce). It defines e-commerce as the buying and selling of goods and services over electronic networks, primarily the Internet. It describes the different models of e-commerce including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-government (B2G), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C). It also discusses the necessary technologies and infrastructure to support e-commerce such as networks, web servers, electronic catalogs, and payment systems.
This document provides an overview of electronic commerce (e-commerce). It begins with definitions of e-commerce and related terms like electronic data interchange and electronic funds transfer. It then discusses various categories of e-commerce like business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and consumer-to-consumer models. The document outlines advantages and disadvantages as well as threats of e-commerce. It also covers features of e-commerce systems and different types of networks that can enable e-commerce. In closing, it briefly discusses the growth of e-commerce in India and provides some examples of major e-commerce companies.
This document provides an overview of e-business and recent trends in marketing. It defines e-business as utilizing information and communication technologies to support all business activities. Key benefits of e-business include lower startup costs, broader customer reach, and new revenue streams through online sales. The document also outlines various e-business models and terms, including sources of revenue, required business activities and resources, and drivers of the growing Indian e-commerce market. Overall, the document discusses how e-business can help companies expand their customer base, become more competitive, and create new online business opportunities.
E-commerce and m-commerce allow for the sale of goods and services through online and mobile channels. E-commerce includes B2B, B2C, C2B, C2C and P2P transactions conducted over the internet. M-commerce refers to transactions made via mobile devices and provides additional convenience for users. Both e-commerce and m-commerce provide benefits like flexibility and access to a wide range of options but also have limitations like infrastructure dependence and security/privacy risks.
E-business involves conducting business transactions over the Internet. It allows companies to reach global customers, personalize products, and reduce costs. The main forms of e-business are B2B transactions between businesses and B2C transactions involving online retail. Challenges of e-business include privacy concerns, Internet fraud, poor website design leading to abandoned shopping carts, and channel conflicts with business partners. Companies use the Internet for communications through email, online communities, blogs, and web-based promotions. E-business has a global scope and future growth will depend on global strategies.
This document discusses the evolution and capabilities of electronic commerce. It has evolved from electronic data interchange over private value added networks to utilizing the public internet. The internet allows smaller companies and customers to access electronic commerce networks at a lower cost. It also enables real-time transactions instead of daily batches. Electronic commerce can be used for online shopping, payments, communication products, and business to business applications by integrating purchase orders. The capabilities of the internet for electronic commerce include speedier transactions through customer self-service, broader reach and larger customer bases, and providing richer information to businesses and customers. The document provides examples of how Lucent Technologies and In Focus use electronic commerce through websites. It also discusses how Chrysler links to suppliers through a web
The document discusses several key aspects of e-business infrastructure and security. It describes various electronic payment systems, e-business models including brokerages, e-shops, e-malls, e-auctions, and classifieds. It also outlines important security considerations for e-businesses such as secure payment gateways, data backup, security policies and training, and compliance with privacy regulations. Additionally, it provides an overview of common internet security measures like encryption, authentication, firewalls, and anti-malware software.
Electronic commerce has evolved from using private electronic data interchange networks to now utilizing the public Internet. The Internet allows smaller businesses and customers to access electronic networks at a lower cost. While private networks traditionally charged per transaction, the Internet allows real-time transactions with fixed connection fees. Examples are provided of how electronic commerce transactions take place, including ordering, payment, order fulfillment, and shipping notification. Key players like banks and payment providers help facilitate online payments between customers, merchants, and banks.
The document discusses key concepts in e-business and e-commerce including definitions of terms like intranet, extranet, and different models of e-commerce transactions. It also examines drivers of and barriers to business and consumer adoption of digital technologies. Businesses are motivated to adopt e-commerce by potential increased revenues and cost reductions, while consumers may be hindered by issues like lack of skills, trust, or perceived benefits. Managing e-business risks and ensuring good customer experiences remain ongoing challenges for organizations.
The document discusses various types of e-commerce. It describes e-commerce as encompassing the entire online process of developing, marketing, selling, delivering, and paying for products and services. It then classifies e-commerce into seven main types: business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-business, consumer-to-consumer, peer-to-peer, mobile commerce, and business-to-employee. Each type is defined and examples are provided to illustrate the key participants and transactions involved.
This document provides an overview of e-marketing and e-commerce. It defines e-marketing as marketing done using the internet, email, and wireless media. It discusses different types of e-marketing like article marketing and video marketing. It also defines e-commerce and the different models of e-commerce transactions including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and consumer-to-consumer. Additional topics covered include infrastructure needs for e-commerce and some of the challenges of conducting international e-commerce.
The document discusses reasons for fearing financial fraud online. It notes that even large tech companies have experienced hacking, so individuals are more vulnerable. Fraud seems prevalent with constant phishing emails and scams. The global nature of the internet means fraud could originate anywhere with different laws, making legal recourse difficult. Overall, security is the primary concern for e-commerce since financial transactions are central, and a security breach could undermine an entire online business.
This document discusses several models of consumer buying behavior:
- Traditional models include the economic, learning, psychological, and sociological models.
- Contemporary models include the Howard-Sheth model, Nicosia model, Engle-Kollat-Blackwell model, EBM model, and organizational buying models.
- The Nicosia model explains consumer behavior as a system with stimuli as input and behavior as output across four fields: consumer/firm attributes, search/evaluation, purchase, and post-purchase.
This document discusses the meaning and scope of economics and macroeconomics. It defines economics as the study of how scarce resources are allocated to meet unlimited human wants. Macroeconomics is concerned with aggregate economic performance and topics like unemployment, inflation, growth, and business cycles. The document outlines the importance of macroeconomics for government policymaking and understanding the overall economy. It also discusses some limitations of macroeconomics, such as aggregation issues and its inability to account for internal composition of aggregates.
This document discusses risk analysis in capital budgeting. It defines risk and uncertainty, noting that risk can be quantified while uncertainty cannot. It explains that risk arises in investment evaluation because the future is unpredictable. There are two main categories of risk: systematic and unsystematic. Systematic risk relates to overall market trends that affect all securities, while unsystematic risk is specific to individual firms or industries and can be reduced through diversification. The document also outlines reasons for different types of risks and describes investors' possible attitudes toward risk.
This document defines and describes different types of web hosting. It explains that web hosting services provide space on servers for individuals and organizations to make their websites accessible online. There are several types of hosting, including shared hosting (where multiple sites share a server), dedicated hosting (where a site has its own exclusive server), and virtual private server hosting (which splits a dedicated server into allocated portions for multiple users). The document provides details on the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each hosting type.
This document discusses key aspects of e-commerce web design. It explains that e-commerce web design involves planning, creating, and arranging files, text, graphics and processes used on an e-commerce website. These designs have evolved over time from simple designs to fully interactive sites using modern graphic design and programming technologies. Effective e-commerce web design focuses on elements like usability, payment options, creative graphics and ensuring fast load times to attract and engage customers. The document also outlines important considerations for e-commerce web design like consistency, color choice, page layout, and structure.
The document discusses web servers, including what they are, common web server software like Apache, Microsoft IIS, and Nginx, and factors to consider for web server hardware configuration. Some key points include:
- Web servers are computers that deliver web pages to users and are identified by IP addresses and domain names.
- Popular web server software includes open source options like Apache and Nginx, as well as Microsoft's IIS. These programs manage serving web content.
- Important considerations for web server hardware include capacity for high traffic volumes, expandable RAM for caching content, fast processors and disk storage. Hardware is selected based on expected page views and response time needs.
The document discusses different types of servers including web servers. It explains that a web server is a computer that delivers web pages and requires server software and an internet connection. The most popular web server software includes Apache, Microsoft IIS, and Nginx. Apache is open source and developed by volunteers, IIS runs on Windows, and Nginx is known for high performance and low resource usage. The document provides statistics on market share and examples of popular sites using each type of server software.
The document discusses capital budgeting decisions, which refers to a firm's investment of current funds into long-term assets that are expected to generate benefits over several years. It covers various types of capital budgeting decisions like expansion, acquisition, modernization, and replacement projects. The capital budgeting process involves identifying investment opportunities, screening alternatives, analyzing feasible options, evaluating alternatives, and implementing and controlling approved projects. Various discounted and non-discounted cash flow criteria are used to evaluate projects and make the optimal investment choice.
The document discusses different types of e-commerce:
- B2B e-commerce accounts for about 80% of all e-commerce and is the fastest growing segment. It involves transactions between businesses.
- B2C e-commerce involves transactions between businesses and consumers through online retail stores. It was an early form of e-commerce.
- B2G e-commerce is commerce between businesses and the public sector, such as through government procurement websites. However, it is a small part of the overall e-commerce market.
- C2C e-commerce allows transactions between individuals, such as through online auctions, file sharing, and classified listings. It has potential to create new markets.
The document discusses key components of the international financial system including money, banking institutions, financial instruments, financial markets, and central banks. It defines the international financial system as comprising all global financial institutions, borrowers, lenders, and regulators that facilitate the transfer of funds internationally. Key differences between the international monetary system and international financial system are also outlined.
Economic growth refers to an increase in a country's productive capacity over time, measured by comparing gross national product from one period to the next. It can be expressed in nominal terms including inflation or real terms adjusted for inflation. Economic development involves structural changes to overcome inertia and break from the past. The key determinants of economic growth include the rate of capital formation, capital-output ratio, population growth rate, as well as political, administrative, and social factors like socio-cultural attitudes.
The document summarizes the evolution of international monetary systems from the classic gold standard period until present day. It describes key features and stages including the Bretton Woods system established in 1944 that pegged currencies to the US dollar, which was convertible to gold. However, the system collapsed in 1971 when the US abandoned the gold standard due to an excess of dollars held abroad.
The document provides an overview of the history and basics of accounting. It discusses the evolution of accounting from ancient times to modern practices. It also defines key terms like bookkeeping, accounting, and accountancy. Additionally, it outlines important accounting concepts like postulates, principles, and standards. The document traces the development of accounting standards in India and the roles of regulatory bodies like ICAI and SEBI in standard setting.
The document discusses Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), which were created by the IMF in 1969 as a supplementary international reserve asset to help address shortfalls in preferred reserve assets like gold and the US dollar. SDRs are neither a currency nor a claim on the IMF, but are instead exchangeable for currencies from IMF member countries. The value of an SDR is determined by a basket of currencies and SDRs can be used between countries to supplement foreign exchange reserves. SDRs have played a role as an alternative reserve asset during periods of US dollar weakness or lack of liquidity.
The document provides an overview of macroeconomics. It defines economics as the study of how societies provide for needs and wants with scarce resources. It discusses the evolution of economic thought from wealth to welfare to scarcity concepts. It defines macroeconomics as the study of aggregate economic performance including topics like unemployment, inflation, and growth. It outlines the scope of macroeconomics and differences between microeconomics and macroeconomics. Finally, it discusses key macroeconomic concepts like gross domestic product, net domestic product, and limitations of macroeconomic analysis.
This document defines national income and provides explanations from various economists. It discusses key concepts related to measuring national income such as GDP, GNP, NNP, personal income, and methods of avoiding double counting. Census of production, income, and expenditure methods for measuring national income are described. Factors that determine national income and difficulties calculating it are also outlined.
The document summarizes Keynes' reformulation of the quantity theory of money, which brought about a transition from a monetary theory of prices to a monetary theory of output. According to Keynes, an increase in the money supply indirectly affects prices through its impact on interest rates, investment, effective demand, employment and output. As long as there is slack resources (redundancy), prices remain stable despite increases in output and money supply, as productivity and effective demand rise proportionately. Only at full employment will further money supply increases directly lead to price increases in the same proportion. The document supports this with two diagrams.
The document discusses the quantity theory of money. It begins by explaining the basic concept that there is a direct relationship between the quantity of money in an economy and the price level. It then discusses Irving Fisher's formulation of the quantity theory through his equation of exchange. Finally, it discusses Milton Friedman's reformulation, which views the quantity theory as a theory of demand for money and emphasizes the role of wealth and asset prices in determining demand for money.
Amalgamation refers to the merger of two or more companies into one new company. It involves the transfer of two or more companies' businesses to a newly incorporated company. There are two types of amalgamation - amalgamation in the nature of merger and amalgamation in the nature of purchase. Amalgamation can be accounted for using either the pooling of interests method or the purchase method. Disclosures as per Accounting Standard 14 are required in the financial statements following an amalgamation.
This document discusses inflation, its causes and effects. It defines inflation as a general rise in price levels over time which erodes purchasing power. Inflation is caused by excess money supply chasing limited goods. Key effects are a changing income distribution, reduced savings and capital formation, profits from price rises leading to black markets, and hardship for those on fixed incomes. While some argue low inflation spurs growth, critics say it ultimately hinders growth. The document examines India's anti-inflation measures and policies to better control inflation like monetary and fiscal policies, wage limits, spending cuts, and supply-side reforms.
2. Meaning & Definitions:-
Electronic business, commonly referred to as "e-
business", or an internet business, may be defined as the
application of information and communication
technologies in support of all the activities of business.
e-business may be defined as the conduct of industry, trade,
and commerce using the computer networks.
The term "e-business" was coined by IBM's marketing and
Internet teams in 1996.
3. Electronic business methods enable companies to link their
internal and external data processing systems more efficiently
and flexibly, to work more closely with suppliers and
partners, and to better satisfy the needs and expectations of
their customers. The internet is a public through way. Firms
use more private and hence more secure networks for more
effective and efficient management of their internal
functions.
In practice, e-business is more than just e-commerce. While
e-business refers to more strategic focus with an emphasis on
the functions that occur using electronic capabilities, e-
commerce is a subset of an overall e-business strategy. E-
commerce seeks to add revenue streams using the World
Wide Web or the Internet to build and enhance relationships
with clients and partners and to improve efficiency using
the Empty Vessel strategy. Often, e-commerce involves the
application of knowledge management systems.
4. E-Commerce refers to buying and selling of products
and services by business and consumer through an
electronic medium, without using any paper documents.
E-commerce is widely considered the buying and selling
of products over the internet, but any transaction that is
completed solely through electronic measures can be
considered e-commerce.
E-commerce is subdivided into three categories: business
to business or B2B (Cisco), business to consumer or B2C
(Amazon), and consumer to consumer or C2C
(eBay). also called electronic commerce.
5.
6. Differences between E-business and
E-commerce
E-business is broader in scope and e-commerce is just an
aspect or a subset of it.
E-business involves marketing, product design, consumer
service evaluation, and more.
E-commerce only covers business transactions such as
buying and selling of goods and services over the internet.
E-commerce essentially involves monetary trade while in e-
business, money transactions are not necessary.
7. Electronic business methods enable companies to link their
internal and external data processing systems more efficiently
and flexibly, to work more closely with suppliers and
partners, and to better satisfy the needs and expectations of
their customers.
In practice, e-business is more than just e-commerce. While e-
business refers to more strategic focus with an emphasis on the
functions that occur using electronic capabilities, e-commerce
is a subset of an overall e-business strategy. E-commerce seeks
to add revenue streams using the World Wide Web or the
Internet to build and enhance relationships with clients and
partners and to improve efficiency using the Empty Vessel
strategy. Often, e-commerce involves the application of
knowledge management systems.
8. E-business involves business processes spanning the entire
value chain: electronic purchasing and supply chain
management, processing orders electronically, handling
customer service, and cooperating with business partners.
Special technical standards for e-business facilitate the
exchange of data between companies. E-business software
solutions allow the integration of intra and inter firm
business processes. E-business can be conducted using the
Web, the Internet, intranets, extranets, or some
combination of these.
9. Differences b/n Traditional business and E-business
Location's requirements:- In traditional business the
location should be in proximity to the source of raw
materials or the market for products. Whereas there is no
such specific location is required for e-business.
Operating cost:- Operating cost is high in traditional
business due to fixed charges associated with the
investment in procurement and storage, production,
marketing and distribution facilities. But on the other hand
operating cost is low as a result of reliance on network of
relationship rather than ownership of resources.
Nature of contact with suppliers and customers:- In
traditional business contact is through the intermediaries
and there is no direct contact with customers. But in e-
business there is a direct relation with customers.
10. Response Time:- In traditional business it will take long
time to get a response from the customer. But the business
man gets instant response in e-business.
Shape of organizational structure:- Traditional business
structure is vertical/tall due to hierarchy of chain of
command. But structure of e-business is horizontal/flat
due to directness of command and communication.
Opportunity for interpersonal touch:- Traditional
business has fewer opportunities to have international
touch. But at the same time e-business have much more
opportunities to go international.
11. Virtual Communities:-
A virtual community is a social network of individuals who
interact through specific social media, potentially crossing
geographical and political boundaries in order to pursue
mutual interests or goals. One of the most pervasive types of
virtual community operate under social networking
services consisting of various online communities.
A virtual community is a community of people sharing
common interests, ideas, and feelings over the Internet or
other collaborative networks.
The term virtual community is attributed to the book of the
same title by Howard Rheingold, published in 1993. The
book's discussion ranges from Rheingold's adventures on The
WELL, computer-mediated communication and social groups
and information science.
12. Virtual Community is a collective group of entities,
individuals or organizations that come together either
temporarily or permanently through an electronic medium
to interact in a common problem or interest space.
Examples of Virtual Communities
VW Vortex.com is an automobile enthusiast community
who’s common interests are engine, suspension and body
repairs, modifications, upgrades and enhancements of all
models of Volkswagen automobiles. Here one can seek
advice for anything from how to change their oil, to
upgrading your engine to a VR6 Turbo with nitrous. This
website was created by VW enthusiasts for VW enthusiasts
for informational purposes.
13. FreeAdvice.com is an informational website where one can go
to seek any kind of law, legal, or insurance questions or
information. It is maintained by nationally renown specialists
at dozens of leading American law firms, and by other capable
attorneys and legal professionals. This website was created for
the sole purpose of helping people understand legal situations
better, and to help them handle all sorts of legal issues.
FreeAdvice.com has been online for over 10 years now and has
over 600,000 topics and answers in their law forums.
Overclock.net is a website is geared toward the pursuit of
computer performance. Overclocking a computer is a
technique that, when applied properly, can yield amazing
computer performance improvements. If applied improperly, it
can lead to one heck of a headache, or at worst, It’s a great
informational hotspot for novice and advanced overclockers
alike.
14. Web Portal:-
Portal is a major visiting center for internet users.
Portal is a single, web based interface to content data,
aggregated and customized, based on the user’s profile,
subscription and access.
an Internet portal is a Web site that acts as a starting point for
browsing the Web. Portals typically include search engines
and large directories of websites. Some popular portals
are Yahoo, Excite, Lycos,Netscape, AltaVista, MSN,
and AOL.com. There are also many smaller portals, known as
"niche portals," for specific interests.
15. Portal v/s Website:-
A portal is generally a vehicle by which to gain access to a
multitude of 'services'. A web site is a destination in itself.
As such the term website refers to a location on the Internet
that is unique and can be accessed through a URL. By that
definition a web portal is in fact also a website.
A website is also a web portal if,
It transmits information from several independent sources
that can be, but not necessarily are, connected in subject;
thus offering a public service function for the visitor which is
not restricted to presenting the view(s) of one author.
16. Customization :
Portal: You will select and organize the materials you want
to access. Organized with the materials you want to access.
Website: Searchable, but not customizable. All content is
there for every visitor.
e.g. you can navigate to yahoo mail, yahoo shopping, geo
cities, yahoo group. If you wish to use any of these services
you will either have to authenticate yourself and see things
personalized to you or you can simply visit sections that are
for everyone like yahoo news were if you are not signed in
then the default sign in is guest.
Best way can say that web portal is all about the high
featured and site is just with information. Another good
difference forum is come with lot of pages(more than 100k
pages even) where site have few pages.
17. The Portal and website can be differentiated as :
Authentication:
Portal: It provides facility of Logging-In. Provides you
with information based on who you are.
e.g. mail.yahoo.com, gmail.com, rediffmail.com
Website: No log-in. e.g. www.yahoo.com
Personalization:
Portal: Limited, focused content. Eliminates the need to
visit many different sites.
e.g. You type in your user name and password and see
your yahoo mail only.
Website: Extensive, unfocused content written to
accommodate anonymous users needs.
18. Web Auctions:-
In an auction, a seller offers an item or items for sale, but does
not establish a price. This is called “putting an item up for bid”
or “putting an item on the (auction) block.”
Potential buyers are given information about the item or some
opportunity to examine it; they then offer bids, which are the
prices they are willing to pay for the item. The potential
buyers, or bidders, each have developed private valuations, or
amounts they are willing to pay for the item.
The whole auction process is managed by an auctioneer.
19. Online auctions are popular places for trading goods.
Individuals registered as users can buy and sale almost
anything online. Online auctions companies are, for
instances, eBay and Amazon.
The price is normally cheaper than market price; with "past
history" functions, users can evaluate sale’s honesty and
trustworthy before buying; more information is also provided
online, or could be answered in Q&A section.
However some vendors refuse to ship overseas and risks are
that vendors are registered but are not official businesses, the
credibility is unknown.
20. Types of auction:-
Dutch auctions: A form of open auction in which bidding
starts at a high price and drops until a bidder accepts the
price. Because the price drops until a bidder claims the item,
Dutch auctions are also called descending-price auctions.
First-Price Sealed-Bid Auctions: In sealed-bid auctions,
bidders submit their bids independently and are usually
prohibited from sharing information with each other. In a
first-price sealed-bid auction, the highest bidder wins.
Second-price sealed-bid auction: The same as the first-
price sealed bid auction except that the highest bidder is
awarded the item at the price bid by the second-highest bidder.
21. Open-outry double auctions: Buy and sell offers are
shouted by traders standing in a small area on the exchange
floor called a trading pit.
Double auction: Buyers and sellers each submit combined
price quantity bids to an auctioneer. The auctioneer
matches the sellers’ offers (starting with the lowest price
and then going up) to the buyers’ offers (starting with the
highest price and then going down) until all the quantities
offered for sale are sold to buyers.
Reverse auction: Multiple sellers submit price bids to an
auctioneer who represents a single buyer. The bids are for a
given amount of a specific item that the buyer wants to
purchase. The prices go down as the bidding continues
until no seller is willing to bid lower.
22. Types of online auction:-
Online auctions are one of the fastest growing segments of
online business today. Millions of people buy and sell all types
of goods on consumer auction sites each year. Although the
online auction business is changing rapidly as it grows,
websites like eBay provides real time bidding, three broad
categories of auction web sites have emerged:
General consumer auction.
Specialty consumer auction.
Business-to-business auction.
23. General consumer auction:
In this type of auction, bidders are listed, but the bid amounts are not
disclosed until after the auction is over.
The most successful consumer auction Web sites is eBay and the
most common format used is a computerized version of the English
auction.
Note that in the eBay English auction sellers are allowed to set a
reserve price. In this type of auction, bidders are listed, but the bid
amounts are not disclosed until after the auction is over.
The main difference between eBay and a live English auction is that
bidders do not know who placed which bid until the auction is over.
The eBay English auction also allows sellers to specify that an auction
be made private.
24. Specialty consumer auction:
It is very hard to compete with a well-established rival such as
eBay in the general consumer auction market, a number of
firms have decided to identify special-interest market targets
and create specialized Web auction sites that meet the needs
of those market segments.
Several early Web auction sites started by featuring technology
items such as computers, computer parts, photographic
equipment, and consumer electronics.
pottery auctio.com and justbeads.com are best examples of
auction sites that cater to buyer and sellers who are
geographically dispersed but share highly focused interests.
25. Business-to-business auction:
Unlike consumer online auctions, business-to –business online
auction evolved to meet a specific existing need. Two of three
emerging business-to-business web auction are direct
descendants of these two traditional methods for handling
excess inventory.
In the large company model the business creates its own
auction site that sells excess inventory. In the small company
model, a third party web auction site takes the place of the
liquidation broker and auction excess inventory listed on the
site by a number of smaller sellers.
The third business to business web auction model resembles
consumer online auction.
26. Revenue Models:-
Revenue model describes how the firm will earn revenue,
generate profits, and produce a superior return on invested
capital.
The terms revenue model and financial model are used
interchangeably. The function of business organizations is
both to generate profits and to produce returns on invested
capital that exceed alternative investments. Profits alone are
not sufficient to make a company “successful”.
So, in order to be considered successful, a firm must produce
returns greater than alternative investments. Firms that fail
this test go out of existence.
27. Different Revenue Models:
Although there are many different e-commerce revenue
models that have been developed, most companies rely on
one, or some combination, of the following major revenue
models:
the advertising model,
the subscription model,
the transaction fee model,
the sales model, and
the affiliate model.
28. Advertising revenue model, a Web site that offers its users
content, services, and/or products also provides a forum for
advertisements and receives fees from advertisers.
Those Web sites that are able to attract the greatest
viewership or that have a highly specialized, differentiated
viewership and are able to retain user attention (“stickiness”)
are able to charge higher advertising rates.
In the subscription revenue model, a Web site that offers
its users content or services charges a subscription fee for
access to some or all of its offerings.
Experience with the subscription revenue model indicates
that to successfully overcome the disinclination of users to
pay for content on the Web, the content offered must be
perceived as a high-value-added, premium offering that is
not readily available elsewhere nor easily replicated.
29. Transaction fee revenue model, a company receives a fee
for enabling or executing a transaction.
For example, eBay provides an online auction marketplace and
receives a small transaction fee from a seller if the seller is
successful in selling the item.
Sales revenue model, companies derive revenue by selling
goods, information, or services to customers. Companies such
as Amazon (which sells books, music, and other products),
LLBean.com, and Gap.com, all have sales revenue models.
Affiliate revenue model, sites that steer business to an
“affiliate” receive a referral fee or percentage of the revenue
from any resulting sales.
For example, MyPoints makes money by connecting
companies with potential customers by offering special deals
to its members. When they take advantage of an offer and
make a purchase, members earn “points” they can redeem for
freebies, and MyPoints receives a fee.
30. REVENUEMODEL E XA M P L E S REVENUESOURCE
Advertising Yahoo Fees from advertisers in
exchange for advertisements
Subscription WSJ.com Fees from subscribers in
Consumerreports.org exchange for access to content or
services
Transaction Fee eBay Fees (commissions) for
E-Trade enabling or executing a
Transaction
Sales Amazon Sales of goods, information, or
LLBean services
Gap
JCPenny.com
Affiliate MyPoints Fees for business referrals